Dicionário Assírio - Volume XIII - Q

THEASSYRIAN DICTIONARYOF THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

EDITORIAL BOARD

JOHN A. BRINKMAN, MIGUEL CIVIL, IGNACE J. GELB, A. LEO OPPENHEIM t, ERICA REINER

1982

PUBLISHED BY THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.

AND J.J. AUGUSTIN VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG, GLOCKSTADT, GERMANY

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER: 0-918986-24-9

(SET: 0-918986-05-2)

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 56-58292

THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

Second Printing 1995

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

COMPOSITION BY J. J. AUGUSTIN, GLUCKSTADT

The preparation of this volume of The Assyrian Dictionary wasmade possible in part by a grant from the Program for ResearchTools and Reference Works of the National Endowment for theHumanities, an independent Federal agency.

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THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY

VOLUME 13

QERICA REINER, EDITOR-IN-CHARGE

ROBERT D. BIGGS, ASSOCIATE EDITOR

WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF

MAUREEN GALLERY, BRIGITTE GRONEBERG,

HERMANN HUNGER, AND BURKHART KIENAST

MANUSCRIPT EDITOR

PETER T. DANIELS

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ForewordSections of the basic manuscript of this volume were prepared by Maureen Gallery,

Brigitte Groneberg (University ofTiibingen), Hermann Hunger (University of Vienna),and Burkhart Kienast (University of Freiburg).

Thanks are again due to several colleagues abroad for their help in the preparationof this volume: to Professor W. G. Lambert (University of Birmingham), who readthe manuscript and made suggestions and corrections and contributed unpublishedmaterial; and to Professors Simo Parpola (University of Helsinki) and Klaas R. Veen-hof (Universities of Amsterdam and Leiden) for reading various stages of the manu-script and proofs. Professor Hans Hirsch (University of Vienna), during his stayin Chicago, and Professor Matthew W. Stolper (University of Chicago) made valuablesuggestions concerning semantic and editorial problems.

Thanks are due also to Irving L. Finkel (British Museum) and Joan G. Westen-holz for help with the final checking of references.

Chicago, Illinois ERICA REINERFebruary, 1979

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Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsThe following compilation brings up to date the list of abbreviations given in volumes A Parts 1 and 2,

B, D, E, G, H, I/J, K, L, M, N, $, and Z and includes the titles previously cited according to the listsof abbreviations in Archiv fir Orientforschung, W. von Soden, GrundriB der akkadischen Gramma-tik, and Zeitschrift fir Assyriologie. Complete bibliographical references will be given in a later volume.The list also includes the titles of the lexical series as prepared for publication by B. Landsberger, orunder his supervision, or in collaboration with him.

A-tabletAAA

AAAS

AASF

AASOR

ABABAW

AbB

Abel-Winckler

ABIM

ABL

ABoT

AbS-T

ACh

Acta Or.Actes du 8e

CongresInternational

ADD

AfKAfOAGMAHDOAHw.

lexical series a A = ndqu, pub.MSL 14

tablets in the collections of theOriental Institute, University ofChicago

lexical text, see MSL 13 10ff.Annals of Archaeology and Anthro-

pologyAnnales Archeologiques Arabes

SyriennesAnnales Academiae Scientiarum

FennicaeThe Annual of the American Schools

of Oriental ResearchAssyriologische BibliothekAbhandlungen der Bayerischen

Akademie der WissenschaftenAltbabylonische Briefe in Um-

schrift und UbersetzungL. Abel and H. Winckler, Keil-

schrifttexte zum Gebrauch beiVorlesungen

A. al-Zeebari, AltbabylonischeBriefe des Iraq-Museums

R. F. Harper, Assyrian and Baby-lonian Letters

Ankara Arkeoloji Miizesinde . . .Bogazkoy Tabletleri

field numbers of Pre-Sar. tabletsexcavated at Tell Abu alabikh

C. Virolleaud, L'Astrologie chald6-enne

Acta OrientaliaActes du 8 Congres International

des Orientalistes, Section Semi-tique (B)

C. H. W. Johns, Assyrian Deedsand Documents

Archiv fur KeilschriftforschungArchiv fir OrientforschungArchiv ftir Geschichte der MedizinArchives d'histoire du droit orientalW. von Soden, Akkadisches Hand-

worterbuch

Ai. lexical series ki.KI.KAL.b i. ae = anaitti4u, pub. MSL 1

AIPHOS Annuaire de l'Institut de Philo-logie et d'Histoire Orientales etSlaves (Brussels)

Aistleitner J. Aistleitner, Worterbuch derWorterbuch Ugaritischen Sprache

AJA American Journal of ArchaeologyAJSL American Journal of Semitic Lan-

guages and LiteraturesAKA E. A. W. Budge and L. W. King,

The Annals of the Kings ofAssyria

Ali Sumerian F. A. Ali, Sumerian Letters: TwoLetters Collections from the Old Baby-

lonian SchoolsAlp Beamten- S. Alp, Untersuchungen zu den

namen Beamtennamen im hethitischenFestzeremoniell

Altmann, ed., A. Altmann, ed., Biblical and OtherBiblical and Studies (= Philip W. Lown In-Other Studies stitute of Advanced Judaic Stud-

ies, Brandeis University, Studiesand Texts: Vol. 1)

AMI Archaologische Mitteilungen ausIran

AMSUH Abhandlungen aus dem mathema-tischen Seminar der UniversitatHamburg

AMT R. C. Thompson, Assyrian MedicalTexts . ..

An lexical series An = AnumAnatolian Anatolian Studies Presented to

Studies Hans Gustav GiiterbockGiterbock

AnBi Analecta BiblicaAndrae W. Andrae, Die Festungswerke

Festungs- von Assur (= WVDOG 23)werke

Andrae W. Andrae, Die Stelenreihen inStelenreihen Assur (= WVDOG 24)

ANES Journal of the Ancient NearEastern Society of ColumbiaUniversity

vii

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Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsAngim epic Angim dimma, cited from

MS. of A. Falkenstein (line nos. inparentheses according to CooperAngim)

AnOr Analecta OrientaliaAnSt Anatolian StudiesAntagal lexical series antagal = IaquAO tablets in the collections of the

Musee du LouvreAOAT Alter Orient und Altes TestamentAOAW Anzeiger der Osterreichischen

Akademie der WissenschaftenAOB Altorientalische BibliothekAoF Altorientalische ForschungenAOS American Oriental SeriesAOTU Altorientalische Texte und Unter-

suchungenAPAW Abhandlungen der PreuBischen

Akademie der WissenschaftenArkeologya Turk Tarih, Arkeologya ve Ethno-

Dergisi grafya DergisiARM Archives royales de Mari (1-10 =

TCL 22-31; 14, 18, 19 = Textescuneiformes de Mari 1-3)

ARMT Archives royales de Mari (texts intransliteration and translation)

Aro Glossar J. Aro, Glossar zu den mittel-babylonischen Briefen (= StOr 22)

Aro Gramm. J. Aro, Studien zur mittelbaby-lonischen Grammatik (= StOr 20)

Aro Infinitiv J. Aro, Die akkadischen Infinitiv-konstruktionen (= StOr 26)

Aro Kleider- J. Aro, Mittelbabylonische Kleider-texte texte der Hilprecht-Sammlung

Jena (= BSAW 115/2)ArOr Archiv OrientalniARU J. Kohler and A. Ungnad, Assy-

rische RechtsurkundenAS Assyriological Studies (Chicago)ASAW Abhandlungen der Sachsischen

Akademie der WissenschaftenASGW Abhandlungen der Sachsischen Ge-

sellschaft der WissenschaftenASKT P. Haupt, Akkadische und sume-

rische Keilschrifttexte ...ASSF Acts Societatis Scientiarum Fen-

nicaeAssur field numbers of tablets excavated

at AssurAugapfel J. Augapfel, Babylonische Rechts-

urkunden aus der RegierungszeitArtaxerxes I. und Darius II.

Aynard Asb. J.-M. Aynard, Le Prisme du LouvreAO 19.939

BA Beitrage zur Assyriologie ...Bab. BabyloniacaBagh. Mitt. Baghdader MitteilungenBalkan Kassit. K. Balkan, Kassitenstudien (= AOS

Stud. 37)Balkan Letter K. Balkan, Letter of King Anum-

Hirbi of Mama to King Warshamaof Kanish

Balkan K. Balkan, Observations on theObservations Chronological Problems of the

Karum KanilBalkan K. Balkan, Eine Schenkungsur-

Schenkungs- kunde aus der althethitischenurkunde Zeit, gefunden in Inandik 1966

Barton G. A. Barton, Haverford LibraryHaverford Collection of Cuneiform Tablets or

Documents from the TempleArchives of Telloh

Barton MBI G. A. Barton, Miscellaneous Baby-lonian Inscriptions

Barton RISA G. A. Barton, The Royal Inscrip-tions of Sumer and Akkad

BASOR Bulletin of the American Schoolsof Oriental Research

Bauer Asb. T. Bauer, Das Inschriftenwerk As-surbanipals

Bauer J. Bauer, Altsumerische Wirt-Lagasch schaftstexte aus Lagasch (= Stu-

dia Pohl 9)Baumgartner Hebraische Wortforschung, Fest-

AV schrift zum 80. Geburtstag vonWalter Baumgartner (= VTSupp. 16)

BBK Berliner Beitrage zur Keilschrift-forschung

BBR H. Zimmern, Beitrage zur Kenntnisder babylonischen Religion

BBSt. L. W. King, Babylonian BoundaryStones

BE Babylonian Expedition of the Uni-versity of Pennsylvania, Series A:Cuneiform Texts

Belleten Turk Tarih Kurumu, BelletenBergmann E. Bergmann, Lugale (in MS.)

LugaleBezold Cat.

Bezold Cat.Supp.

Bezold Glossar

BHT

BiArBib.Biggs Al-Hiba

Biggs aziga

Bilgi9 Appel-lativa derkapp. Texte

C. Bezold, Catalogue of the Cunei-form Tablets in the KouyunjikCollection of the British Museum

L. W. King, Catalogue of theCuneiform Tablets of the BritishMuseum. Supplement

C. Bezold, Babylonisch-assyrischesGlossar

S. Smith, Babylonian HistoricalTexts

The Biblical ArchaeologistBiblicaR. D. Biggs, Inscriptions from Al-Hiba-Lagash: The First and Sec-ond Seasons

R. D. Biggs, SA.zI.GA: AncientMesopotamian Potency Incan-tations (= TCS 2)

E. Bilgi9, Die einheimischen Appel-lativa der kappadokischen Texte

viii

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Provisional List of Bibliographical Abbreviations

BIN Babylonian Inscriptions in the Col-lection of J. B. Nies

BiOr Bibliotheca OrientalisBirot Tablet- M. Birot, Tablettes 6conomiques ettes administratives d'epoque babylo-

nienne ancienne conservees auMusee d'Art et d'Histoire deGeneve

BM tablets in the collections of theBritish Museum

BMAH Bulletin des Musees Royaux d'Artet d'Histoire

BMFA Bulletin of the Museum of FineArts

BMMA Bulletin of the Metropolitan Mu-seum of Art

BMQ The British Museum QuarterlyBMS L. W. King, Babylonian Magic and

SorceryBo. field numbers of tablets excavated

at BoghazkeuiBohl Chres- F. M. T. Bohl, Akkadian Chres-tomathy tomathy

Bohl Leiden F. M. T. Bohl, Mededeelingen uitColl. de Leidsche Verzameling van

Spijkerschrift-InscriptiesBoissier Choix A. Boissier, Choix de textes relatifs

A la divination assyro-babylo-nienne

Boissier DA A. Boissier, Documents assyriensrelatifs aux presages

Bollenrucher J. Bollenricher, Gebete und Hym-Nergal nen an Nergal (= LSS 1/6)

BOR Babylonian and Oriental RecordBorger R. Borger, Einleitung in die assyri-

Einleitung schen KonigsinschriftenBorger Esarh. R. Borger, Die Inschriften Asar-

haddons, Konigs von Assyrien(= AfO Beiheft 9)

Borger HKL R. Borger, Handbuch der Keil-schriftliteratur

Boson G. Boson, Tavolette cuneiformiTavolette sumere...

BoSt Boghazkoi-StudienBoTU Die Boghazkoi-Texte in Umschrift

... (= WVDOG 41-42)Boudou Liste A. Boudou, Liste de noms geo-

graphiques (= Or. 36-38)Boyer Contri- G. Boyer, Contribution a l'histoire

bution juridique de la 1'e dynastiebabylonienne

von Branden- C. G. von Brandenstein, Hethiti-stein Heth. sche Gotter nach Bildbeschrei-Gotter bungen in Keilschrifttexten (=

MVAG 46/2)Brinkman J. A. Brinkman, Materials and

MSKH Studies for Kassite HistoryBrinkman J. A. Brinkman, A Political His-

PKB tory of Post-Kassite Babylonia,1158-722 B.C. (= AnOr 43)

BRM Babylonian Records in the Libraryof J. Pierpont Morgan

Brockelmann C. Brockelmann, Lexicon syria-Lex. Syr.2 cum, 2nd ed.

BSAW Berichte der Sachsischen Akade-mie der Wissenschaften

BSGW Berichte der Sachsischen Gesell-schaft der Wissenschaften

BSL Bulletin de la Societe de Linguis-tique de Paris

BSOAS Bulletin of the School of Orientaland African Studies

Bu. tablets in the collections of theBritish Museum

CAD The Assyrian Dictionary of theOriental Institute of the Uni-versity of Chicago

Cagni Erra L. Cagni, L'epopea di ErraCamb. J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften von

CambysesCassin An- E. Cassin, Anthroponymie et An-

throponymie thropologie de NuziCBM tablets in the collections of the

University Museum of the Uni-versity of Pennsylvania, Phila-delphia (= CBS)

CBS tablets in the collections of theUniversity Museum of the Uni-versity of Pennsylvania, Phila-delphia

CCT Cuneiform Texts from CappadocianTablets

CH R. F. Harper, The Code of Ham-murabi ...

Chantre E. Chantre, Recherches archeolo-giques dans l'Asie occidentale.Mission en Cappadoce 1893-94

Chiera STA E. Chiera, Selected Temple Ac-counts from Telloh, Yokha andDrehem. Cuneiform Tablets in theLibrary of Princeton University

Christian Festschrift fir Prof. Dr. ViktorFestschrift Christianig-Kizilyay M. Qig and H. Kizilyay, Neusumeri-NRVN sche Rechts- und Verwaltungs-

urkunden aus NippurQig-Kizilyay- M. Qig, H. Kizilyay (Bozkurt),

Kraus Nippur F. R. Kraus, AltbabylonischeRechtsurkunden aus Nippur

Qig-Kizilyay- M. Qig, H. Kizilyay, A. Salonen,Salonen Die Puzri§-Dagan-Texte (= AASFPuzrig-Dagan- B 92)Texte

Clay PN A. T. Clay, Personal Names fromCuneiform Inscriptions of the Cas-site Period (= YOR 1)

Cocquerillat D. Cocquerillat, Palmeraies et cul-Palmeraies tures de l'Eanna d'Uruk (559-520)

Coll. de Clercq H. F. X. de Clercq, Collection deClercq. Catalogue ...

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsCombe Sin E. Combe, Histoire du culte de Sin

en Babylonie et en AssyrieContenau G. Contenau, Contribution a

Contribution l'histoire 6conomique d'Um-ma

Contenau G. Contenau, Umma sous laUmma Dynastie d'Ur

Cooper Angim J. Cooper, The Return of Ninurtato Nippur (= AnOr 52)

Copenhagen tablets in the collections of theNational Museum, Copenhagen

Corpus of E. Porada, Corpus of Ancient NearAncient Near Eastern Seals in North AmericanEastern CollectionsSeals

CRAI Academie des Inscriptions et BellesLettres. Comptes rendus

Craig AAT J. A. Craig, Astrological-Astro-nomical Texts

Craig ABRT J. A. Craig, Assyrian and Babylo-nian Religious Texts

Cros Tello G. Cros, Mission frangaise deChald6e. Nouvelles fouilles de Tello

CRRA Compte rendu, Rencontre Assyrio-logique Internationale

CT Cuneiform Texts from BabylonianTablets

CTN Cuneiform Texts from NimrudCyr. J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften von

CyrusDAFI Cahiers de la D6legation Archeolo-

gique Frangaise en IranDalley S. Dalley, A catalogue of the Ak-

Edinburgh kadian cuneiform tablets in thecollections of the Royal ScottishMuseum, Edinburgh

Dalman G. H. Dalman, ... Aramaisch-neu-Aram. Wb. hebraisches Worterbuch zu Tar-

gum, Talmud und MidraschDar. J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften von

DariusDavid AV J. A. Ankum, R. Feenstra,

W. F. Leemans, eds., Symbolaeiuridicae et historicae MartinoDavid dedicatae. Tomus alter:lura Orientis antiqui

Deimel Fara A. Deimel, Die Inschriften von Fara(= WVDOG 40, 43, 45)

Delaporte L. J. Delaporte, Catalogue desCatalogue cylindres orientaux . .. de laBibliotheque Bibliotheque NationaleNationale

DelaporteCata-logueLouvre

L. J. Delaporte, Catalogue descylindres ... Musee du Louvre

Delitzsch AL3 F. Delitzsch, Assyrische Lese-stiicke, 3rd ed.

Delitzscb F. Delitzsch, Assyrisches Hand-HWB worterbuch

DietrichAramaer

van DijkGotterlieder

van DijkLa Sagesse

Diri

Divination

DLZDP

Dream-book

van Driel Cultof AgAur

M. Dietrich, Die Aramaer Siid-babyloniens in der Sargoniden-zeit (= AOAT 7)

J. van Dijk, Sumerische Gotter-lieder

J. van Dijk, La Sagesse Sum6ro-Accadienne

lexical series diri DIR siaku =(w)atru

J. Nougayrol, ed., La divinationen m6sopotamie ancienne et dansles r6gions voisines

Deutsche LiteraturzeitungM. Allotte de la Fuye, Documents

presargoniquesA. L. Oppenheim, The Inter-pretation of Dreams in the AncientNear East (= Transactions of theAmerican Philosophical Society,Vol. 46/3)

G. van Driel, The Cult of AsAur

D.T. tablets in the collections of theBritish Museum

Ea lexical series ea A = ndqu, pub.MSL 14

EA J. A. Knudtzon, Die El-Amarna-Tafeln (= VAB 2); EA 359-79:Rainey EA

Eames Coll. A. L. Oppenheim, Catalogue of theCuneiform Tablets of the Wilber-force Eames Babylonian Col-lection in the New York PublicLibrary (= AOS 32)

Eames Col- tablets in the Wilberforce Eameslection Babylonian Collection in the New

York Public LibraryEbeling E. Ebeling, Glossar zu den neu-

Glossar babylonischen Briefen (= SBAW1953/1)

Ebeling E. Ebeling, Die akkadische Ge-Hand- betsserie "Handerhebung"erhebung VIO 20)

Ebeling KMI E. Ebeling, Keilschrifttexte medi-zinischen Inhalts

Ebeling E. Ebeling, Neubabylonische BriefeNeubab. (= ABAW NF 30)Briefe

EbelingNeubab.

E. Ebeling, Neubabylonische Briefeaus Uruk

Briefe aus UrukEbeling E. Ebeling, Parfimrezepte und

Parfumrez. kultische Texte aus Assur (alsopub. in Or. NS 17-19)

Ebeling E. Ebeling, Stiftungen und Vor-Stiftungen schriften fitr assyrische Tempel

(= VIo 23)Ebeling E. Ebeling, Bruchstiicke einer

Wagenpferde mittelassyrischen Vorschriften-sammlung fur die Akklimati-

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical Abbreviationssierung und Trainierung vonWagenpferden (= VIO 7)

Edzard Tell D. O. Edzard, Altbabylonischeed-Der Rechts- und Wirtschaftsurkunden

aus Tell ed-Der (= ABAW NF 72)Edzard D. O. Edzard, Die "Zweite Zwi-Zwischenzeit schenzeit" Babyloniens

Eilers W. Eilers, Iranische Beamten-Beamten- namen in der keilschriftlichennamen tberlieferung (= Abhandlungen

fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes25/5)

Eilers W. Eilers, Gesellschaftsformen imGesellschafts- altbabylonischen Rechtformen

Emesal Voc.

En. el.ErimhuErimhus Bogh.Eshnunna

Code

lexical series dimmer = dingir= ilu, pub. MSL 4 3-44

Enuma elilexical series erimhuA = anantuBoghazkeui version of Erimhu§see Goetze LE

Evetts App. B. T. A. Evetts, Inscriptions of...Evil-Merodach... Appendix

Evetts Ev.-M. B. T. A. Evetts, Inscriptions of... Evil-Merodach

Evetts Lab. B. T. A. Evetts, Inscriptions of... Laborosoarchod

Evetts Ner. B. T. A. Evetts, Inscriptions of.. Neriglissar

Explicit Malku synonym list malku = garru, ex-plicit version (Tablets I-II pub.A. D. Kilmer, JAOS 83 421ff.)

Fales Censi- F. M. Fales, Censimenti e catastimenti di epoca neo-assira

FalkensteinATU

Falkenstein

A. Falkenstein, Archaische Texteaus Uruk

A. Falkenstein, Das SumerischeDas Sume- (= Handbuch der Orientalistik,rische Erste Abteilung, Zweiter Band,

Erster und Zweiter Abschnitt,Lieferung I)

Falkenstein A. Falkenstein, Die neusumerischenGerichts- Gerichtsurkunden (= ABAW NFurkunden 39, 40, 44)

Falkenstein A. Falkenstein, Sumerische Gotter-Gotterlieder lieder

Falkenstein A. Falkenstein, Grammatik derGrammatik Sprache Gudeas von Lagal (=

AnOr 28 and 29)Falkenstein A. Falkenstein, Die Haupttypen

Haupttypen der sumerischen Beschworung(= LSS NF 1)

Falkenstein A. Falkenstein, Topographie vonTopographic Uruk

Farber IMtar W. Farber, Beschworungsritualeund Dumuzi an Ihtar und Dumuzi

Festschrift Festschrift fuir Wilhelm Eilers: EinEilers Dokument der internationalen

Forschung

FF Forschungen und FortschritteFigulla Cat. H. H. Figulla, Catalogue of the

Babylonian Tablets in the BritishMuseum

Finet A. Finet, L'Accadien des lettres deL'Accadien Mari

Finkelstein Essays on the Ancient Near EastMem. Vol. in Memory of Jacob Joel Finkel-

steinFish Catalogue T. Fish, Catalogue of Sumerian

Tablets in the John RylandsLibrary

Fish Letters T. Fish, Letters of the First Baby-lonian Dynasty in the JohnRylands Library, Manchester

FLP tablets in the collections of theFree Library of Philadelphia

Frankel S. Frankel, Die aramaischenFremdw. Fremdworter im Arabischen

Frankena R. Frankena, Takultu, De sacraleTakultu Maaltijd in het assyrische Ritueel

Freydank H. Freydank, SpatbabylonischeWirtschafts- Wirtschaftstexte aus Uruktexte

FriedrichFestschrift

FriedrichGesetze

FriedrichHeth. Wb.

FriedrichStaatsver-trage

FuBGadd EarlyDynasties

Gadd Ideas

GaddTeachers

GandertFestschrift

Garelli Gilg.

Garelli LesAssyriens

Gaster AV

GautierDilbat

GCCI

Gelb OAIC

R. von Kienle, ed., FestschriftJohannes Friedrich ...

J. Friedrich, Die hethitischen Ge-setze (= Documenta et monu-menta orientis antiqui 7)

J. Friedrich, Hethitisches Worter-buch ...

J. Friedrich, Staatsvertrage desHatti-Reiches in hethitischerSprache (= MVAG 34/1)

Forschungen und BerichteC. J. Gadd, The Early Dynasties of

Sumer and AkkadC. J. Gadd, Ideas of Divine Rule

in the Ancient EastC. J. Gadd, Teachers and Students

in the Oldest SchoolsA. von Muller, ed., Gandert Fest-

schrift (= Berliner Beitrage zurVor- und Frihgeschichte 2)

P. Garelli, Gilgame et sa legende.Etudes recueillies par PaulGarelli A l'occasion de la VIPRencontre Assyriologique Inter-nationale (Paris, 1958)

P. Garelli, Les Assyriens en Cap-padoce

Occident and Orient (Studies inHonour of M. Gaster)

J. E. Gautier, Archives d'unefamille de Dilbat ...

R. P. Dougherty, Goucher CollegeCuneiform Inscriptions

I. J. Gelb, Old Akkadian Inscrip-tions in Chicago Natural HistoryMuseum

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsGenouillac H. de Genouillac, Premieres re-

Kich cherches archeologiques a KichGenouillac H. de Genouillac, La trouvaille deTrouvaille Dr6hem

Gesenius 17 W. Gesenius, Hebraisches undaramaisches Handworterbuch,17th ed.

GGA Gottingische Gelehrte AnzeigenGibson-Biggs M. Gibson and R. D. Biggs, eds.,

Seals Seals and Sealing in the AncientNear East

Gilg. Gilgame§ epic, cited from ThompsonGilg. (M. = Meissner Fragment,OB Version of Tablet X, P. =Pennsylvania Tablet, OB Versionof Tablet II, Y. = Yale Tablet,OB Version of Tablet III)

Gilg. O. I. OB Gilg. fragment from Ishchalipub. by T. Bauer, JNES 16254 ff.

Goetze A. Goetze, HattuAilis. Der BerichtHattuAili fiber seine Thronbesteigung nebst

den Paralleltexten (= MVAG 29/3)Goetze A. Goetze, Kizzuwatna and theKizzuwatna Problem of Hittite Geography

(= YOR 22)Goetze LE A. Goetze, The Laws of Eshnunna

(= AASOR 31)Goetze Neue A. Goetze, Neue Bruchstiicke

Bruchstiicke zum groBen Text des HattuAili§und den Paralleltexten (=MVAG 34/2)

Goldziher Gedachtnisschrift Goldziher IMemorialVolume

Golenischeff V. S. Golenischeff, Vingt-quatretablettes cappadociennes ...

Gordon AV Orient and Occident: Essays Pre-sented to Cyrus H. Gordon...(= AOAT 22)

Gordon C. H. Gordon, Ugaritic HandbookHand- (= AnOr 25)book

Gordon SmithCollege

GordonSumerianProverbs

Gossmann EraGrant Bus.

Doc.Grant Smith

CollegeGray Sama

Grayson ARI

GraysonBHLT

C. H. Gordon, Smith CollegeTablets ... (= Smith CollegeStudies in History, Vol. 38)

E. I. Gordon, Sumerian Proverbs

F. Gossmann, Das Era-EposE. Grant, Babylonian Business

Documents of the Classical PeriodE. Grant, Cuneiform Documents inthe Smith College Library

C. D. Gray, The Sama ReligiousTexts ...

A. K. Grayson, Assyrian RoyalInscriptions

A. K. Grayson, Babylonian Histor-ical-Literary Texts (= TSTS 3)

GraysonChronicles

Guest Noteson Plants

A. K. Grayson, Assyrian and Baby-lonian Chronicles (= TCS 5)

E. Guest, Notes on Plants andPlant Products with their Collo-quial Names in 'Iraq

Guest E. Guest, Notes on Trees andNotes Shrubs for Lower Iraqon Trees

Giterbock H. G. Giiterbock, Siegel aus Bo-Siegel gazkoy (= AfO Beiheft 5 and 7)

Hallo Royal W. W. Hallo, Early MesopotamianTitles Royal Titles (= AOS 43)

Hartmann H. Hartmann, Die Musik der su-Musik merischen Kultur

Haupt P. Haupt, Das babylonische Nim-Nimrodepos rodepos

Haverford E. Grant, ed., The HaverfordSymposium Symposium on Archaeology and

the BibleHecker K. Hecker, Die Keilschrifttexte der

Giessen Universitatsbibliothek GiessenHecker K. Hecker, Grammatik der Kiil-Grammatik tepe-Texte (= AnOr 44)

Heimpel W. Heimpel, Tierbilder in derTierbilder sumerischen Literatur (= Studia

Pohl 2)Herzfeld API E. Herzfeld, Altpersische In-

schriftenHewett An- D. D. Brand and F. E. Harvey,niversary eds., So Live the Works of Men:Vol. Seventieth Anniversary Volume

Honoring Edgar Lee HewettHg. lexical series HAR.gud = imru

= ballu, pub. MSL 5-11HG J. Kohler et al., Hammurabi's

GesetzHh. lexical series HAR.ra = hubullu (Hh.

I-IV pub. Landsberger, MSL 5;Hh. V-VII pub. Landsberger,MSL 6; Hh. VIII-XII pub. Lands-berger, MSL 7; Hh. XIII-XIV,XVIII pub. Landsberger, MSL 8;Hh. XV pub. Landsberger, MSL 9;Hh. XVI, XVII, XIX pub. Lands-berger-Reiner, MSL 10; Hh.XX-XXIV pub. Landsberger-Reiner, MSL 11)

Hilprecht AV Hilprecht Anniversary Volume.Studies in Assyriology and Ar-chaeology Dedicated to HermannV. Hilprecht

Hilprecht H. V. Hilprecht, The EarliestDeluge Story Version of the Babylonian Deluge

Story and the Temple Library ofNippur

Hinke Kudurru W. J. Hinke, Selected BabylonianKudurru Inscriptions, No. 5,pp. 21-27

Hinz AFF W. Hinz, Altiranische Funde undForschungen

xii

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsHirschUnter-suchungen

HoffnerAlimenta

HolmaKl. Beitr.

HolmaKorperteile

Holma OmenTexts

HolmaQuttulu

HolmaWeitereBeitr.

HroznyCodeHittite

HroznyGetreide

HroznyKultepe

HroznyTa'annek

HSM

HSSHUCAHungerKolophone

Hunger Uruk

HusseySumerianTablets

IBoT

ICK

IduIEJIFIgituh

ILNIM

Imgidda toErimhul

H. Hirsch, Untersuchungen zur alt-assyrischen Religion (= AfO Bei-heft 13/14)

H. A. Hoffner, Alimenta Hethae-orum (= AOS 55)

H. Holma, Kleine Beitrage zumassyrischen Lexikon (= AASFB 7/2)

H. Holma, Die Namen der Kor-perteile im Assyrisch-babylo-nischen (= AASF B 7)

H. Holma, Omen Texts from Baby-lonian Tablets in the BritishMuseum ...

H. Holma, Die assyrisch-babylo-nischen Personennamen der FormQuttulu (= AASF B 13/2)

H. Holma, Weitere Beitrage zumassyrischen Lexikon (= AASF B15/1)

F. Hrozny, Code hittite provenantde l'Asie Mineure

F. Hrozny, Das Getreide im altenBabylonien... (= SAWW 173/1)

F. Hrozny, Inscriptions cuneiformesdu Kultepe (= ICK 1) (= Monogr.ArOr 14)

F. Hrozny, Die Keilschrifttexte vonTa'annek, in Sellin Ta'annek

tablets in the Hilprecht collection,Jena

tablets in the collections of theHarvard Semitic Museum

Harvard Semitic SeriesHebrew Union College AnnualH. Hunger, Babylonische und as-syrische Kolophone (= AOAT 2)

H. Hunger, Spatbabylonische Tex-te aus Uruk

M. I. Hussey, Sumerian Tablets inthe Harvard Semitic Museum(= HSS 3 and 4)

tablets in the collections of thePontificio Istituto Biblico, Rome

Istanbul Arkeoloji Miizelerinde Bu-lunan Bogazkoy Tabletleri

Inscriptions cuneiformes du Kul-tepe

lexical series A = iduIsrael Exploration JournalIndogermanische Forschungenlexical series igituh = tdmartu.

Igituh short version pub. Lands-berger-Gurney, AfO 18 81 ff.

Illustrated London Newstablets in the collections of the Iraq

Museum, Baghdadsee ErimhuS

Istanbul tablets in the collections of the Ar-chaeological Museum of Istanbul

ITT Inventaire des tablettes de TelloIzbu Comm. commentary to the series Summa

izbu, cited from MS. of B. Lands-berger, pub. Leichty Izbu pp.211-233

Izi lexical series izi = ilatu, pub.Civil, MSL 13 154-226

Izi Bogh. Boghazkeui version of Izi, pub.Civil, MSL 13 132-147

JA Journal asiatiqueJacobsen T. Jacobsen, Cuneiform Texts in the

Copenhagen National Museum, CopenhagenJankowska N. B. Jankowska, Klinopisnye

KTK teksty iz Kjul'-Tepe v sobrani-iakh SSSR

JAOS Journal of the American OrientalSociety

Jastrow Dict. M. Jastrow, A Dictionary of theTargumim . ..

JBL Journal of Biblical LiteratureJCS Journal of Cuneiform StudiesJEA Journal of Egyptian ArchaeologyJEN Joint Expedition with the Iraq

Museum at NuziJENu Joint Expedition with the Iraq

Museum at Nuzi, unpub.JEOL Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-

Egyptisch Genootschap "ExOriente Lux"

JESHO Journal of the Economic andSocial History of the Orient

Jestin NTS§ R. Jestin, Nouvelles tablettessumeriennes de Suruppak

Jestin R. Jestin, Tablettes sumeriennes deSuruppak Suruppak...

JJP Journal of Juristic PapyrologyJKF Jahrbuch fiir kleinasiatische For-

schungJNES Journal of Near Eastern StudiesJohns Dooms- C. H. W. Johns, An Assyrian

day Book Doomsday BookJones-Snyder T. B. Jones and J. Snyder, Sume-

rian Economic Texts from theThird Ur Dynasty

JPOS Journal of the Palestine OrientalSociety

JQR Jewish Quarterly ReviewJRAS Journal of the Royal Asiatic So-

cietyJSOR Journal of the Society of Oriental

ResearchJSS Journal of Semitic StudiesJTVI Journal of the Transactions of the

Victoria InstituteK. tablets in the Kouyunjik collection

of the British MuseumKagal lexical series kagal = abullu, pub.

Civil, MSL 13 227-261

xiii

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical Abbreviations

KAH Keilschrifttexte aus Assur histori-schen Inhalts

KAJ Keilschrifttexte aus Assur juristi-schen Inhalts

Kang SACT S. Kang, Sumerian and AkkadianCuneiform Texts in the Collectionof the World History Museum ofthe University of Illinois

KAR Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religi-osen Inhalts

KAV Keilschrifttexte aus Assur ver-schiedenen Inhalts

KB Keilinschriftliche BibliothekKBo Keilschrifttexte aus BoghazkoiKent Old R. G. Kent, Old Persian .. .Persian (= AOS 33)

Ker Porter R. Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia,Travels Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babylo-

nia, etc....Kh. tablets from Khafadje in the col-

lections of the Oriental Institute,University of Chicago

Kienast B. Kienast, Die altassyrischenATHE Texte des Orientalischen Semi-

nars der Universitat Heidelbergund der Sammlung Erlenmeyer

Kienast B. Kienast, Die altbabylonischenKisurra Briefe und Urkunden aus Kisurra

King Chron. L. W. King, Chronicles ConcerningEarly Babylonian Kings ...

King Early L. W. King, A History of SumerHistory and Akkad: An Account of the

Early Races of Babylonia .. .King History L. W. King, A History of BabylonKing Hittite L. W. King, Hittite Texts in the

Texts Cuneiform Character in the BritishMuseum

Kinnier Wilson J. V. Kinnier Wilson, The NimrudWine Lists Wine Lists (= CTN 1)

Kish tablets excavated at Kish, in thecollections of the AshmoleanMuseum, Oxford

Klauber E. Klauber, Assyrisches Beamten-Beamtentum tum nach Briefen aus der Sar-

gonidenzeit (= LSS 5/3)KIF Kleinasiatische ForschungenKnudtzon J. A. Knudtzon, Assyrische GebeteGebete an den Sonnengott . .

Kocher BAM F. Kocher, Die babylonisch-assy-rische Medizin in Texten undUntersuchungen

Kocher F. Kocher, Keilschrifttexte zurPflanzen- assyrisch-babylonischen Drogen-kunde und Pflanzenkunde (= VIO 28)

Kohler u. J. Kohler and F. E. Peiser, Aus demPeiser babylonischen RechtslebenRechtsleben

Konst. tablets excavated at Assur, in thecollections of the ArchaeologicalMuseum of Istanbul

KoschakerBiirgschafts-recht

P. Koschaker, Babylonisch-assy-risches Biirgschaftsrecht

Koschaker P. Koschaker, Uber einige griechi-Griech. sche Rechtsurkunden aus den ost-Rechtsurk. lichen Randgebieten des Hellenis-

mus (= ASAW 42/1)Koschaker P. Koschaker, Neue keilschriftliche

NRUA Rechtsurkunden aus der El-Amarna-Zeit (= ASAW 39/5)

Kramer AV Kramer Anniversary Volume (=AOAT 25)

Kramer S. N. Kramer, Lamentation overLamentation the Destruction of Ur (= AS 12)

Kramer S. N. Kramer, Sumerian LiterarySLTN Texts from Nippur (= AASOR 23)

Kramer Two S. N. Kramer, Two Elegies on aElegies Pushkin Museum Tablet

Kraus AbB 1 F. R. Kraus, Briefe aus dem BritishMuseum

Kraus Edikt F. R. Kraus, Ein Edikt des KonigsAmmi-Saduqa von Babylon (=Studia et documenta ad iuraorientis antiqui pertinentia 5)

Kraus Texte F. R. Kraus, Texte zur babyloni-schen Physiognomatik (= AfOBeiheft 3)

Kraus Vieh- F. R. Kraus, Staatliche Viehhal-haltung tung im altbabylonischen Lande

LarsaKrecher J. Krecher, Sumerische Kultlyrik

KultlyrikKT Blanckertz

KT Hahn

KTS

KUBKiichler Beitr.

KiltepeKimmel

FamilieKupper Les

Nomades

LabatL'Akkadien

LabatCalendrier

Labat Suse

Labat TDP

Laessoe BitRimki

Lajard Cultede V6nus

J. Lewy, Die Kiiltepetexte derSammlung Blanckertz .. .

J. Lewy, Die Kiiltepetexte aus derSammlung... Hahn...

J. Lewy, Die altassyrischen Textevom Kultepe bei Kaisarije

Keilschrifturkunden aus BoghazkoiF. Kiichler, Beitrage zur Kenntnisder assyrisch-babylonischen Me-dizin ...

unpublished tablets from KiiltepeH. M. Kimmel, Familie, Beruf und

Amt im spatbabylonischen UrukJ.-R. Kupper, Les nomades en

M6sopotamie au temps des rois deMari

R. Labat, L'Akkadien de Boghaz-Koi

R. Labat, Un calendrier babyloniendes travaux, des signes et des mois

R. Labat, Textes litteraires deSuse (= MDP 57)

R. Labat, Traite akkadien de dia-gnostics et pronostics m6dicaux

J. Laessoe, Studies on the AssyrianRitual bit rimki

J. B. F. Lajard, Recherches sur leculte ... de V6nus

xiv

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsLambert BWL W. G. Lambert, Babylonian Wis-

dom LiteratureLambert Love W. G. Lambert, The Problem ofLyrics the Love Lyrics, in Goedicke and

Roberts, eds., Unity and DiversityLambert W. G. Lambert, Marduk's AddressMarduk's to the Demons (= AfO 17 310ff.)Address to theDemons

Lambert- W. G. Lambert and A. R. Millard,Millard Atra-hasis: The Babylonian StoryAtra-hasis of the Flood

Landsberger B. Landsberger, Brief des BischofsBrief von Esagila an Konig Asarhad-

donLandsberger B. Landsberger, The Date PalmDate Palm and Its By-Products According to

the Cuneiform Sources (= AfOBeiheft 17)

Landsberger B. Landsberger, Die Fauna desFauna alten Mesopotamien ... (

ASAW 42/6)Landsberger- B. Landsberger and T. Jacobsen,Jacobsen Georgica (in MS.)Georgica

Landsberger B. Landsberger, Der kultischeKult. Kalender der Babylonier undKalender Assyrer (= LSS 6/1-2)

Lang. LanguageLangdon S. Langdon, Babylonian Liturgies

BLLangdon S. Langdon, The Babylonian EpicCreation of Creation

Langdon S. Langdon, Babylonian Menolo-Menologies gies...

Langdon SBP S. Langdon, Sumerian and Babylo-nian Psalms

Langdon S. Langdon, Tammuz and IshtarTammuz

Lanu lexical series alam = lanuLautner J. G. Lautner, AltbabylonischePersonen- Personenmiete und Erntearbeiter-miete vertrage (= Studia et documenta

ad iura orientis antiqui pertinen-tia 1)

Layard A. H. Layard, Inscriptions in theCuneiform Character ...

Layard A. H. Layard, Discoveries amongDiscoveries the Ruins of Nineveh and Baby-

lonLB tablet numbers in the de Liagre

Bohl CollectionLBAT Late Babylonian Astronomical and

Related Texts, copied by T. G.Pinches and J. N. Strassmaier,prepared for publication by A. J.Sachs, with the cooperation of J.Schaumberger

Leander P. A. Leander, Uber die sumeri-schen Lehnworter im Assyrischen

Le Gac Asn.

Legrain Catal.Cugnin

LegrainTRU

Y. Le Gac, Les Inscriptions d'As-sur-nadir-aplu III

L. Legrain, Catalogue des cylindresorientaux de la collection LouisCugnin

L. Legrain, Le temps des rois d'Ur

Lehmann- F. F. C. Lehmann-Haupt, ed.,Haupt CIC Corpus inscriptionum chaldica-

rumLeichty Izbu E. Leichty, The Omen Series sum-

ma Izbu (= TCS 4)Lenormant F. Lenormant, Choix de textes

Choix cuneiformes in6dits ou incom-pletement publi6s jusqu'a ce jour

Levine Stelae L. D. Levine, Two Neo-AssyrianStelae from Iran

Lidzbarski M. Lidzbarski, Handbuch der nord-Handbuch semitischen Epigraphik

Lie Sar. A. G. Lie, The Inscriptions ofSargon II

LIH L. W. King, The Letters and In-scriptions of Hammurabi

Limet H. Limet, L'anthroponymie su-Anthropo- merienne dans les documentsnymie de la 3e dynastie d'Ur

Limet H. Limet, Etude de documents deDocuments la p6riode d'Agad6 appartenant

Sl'Universite de LiegeLimet M6tal H. Limet, Le travail du metal au

pays de Sumer au temps de laIIIe dynastie d'Ur

Limet Sceaux H. Limet, Les 16gendes des sceauxCassites cassites

Limet Textes H. Limet, Textes sum6riens de laSum6riens IIIe dynastie d'Ur (= Documents

du Proche-Orient Ancien desMusees Royaux d'Art et d'His-toire, Epigraphie 1)

LKA E. Ebeling, Literarische Keil-schrifttexte aus Assur

LKU A. Falkenstein, Literarische Keil-schrifttexte aus Uruk

Loretz Chagar O. Loretz, Texte aus Chagar BazarBazar und Tell Brak (= AOAT 3)

Loretz-Mayer O. Loretz and W. R. Mayer, gu-ilagu-ila Gebete (= AOAT 34)

Low Flora I. Low, Die Flora der JudenLSS Leipziger semitistische StudienLTBA Die lexikalischen Tafelserien der

Babylonier und Assyrer in denBerliner Museen

Lu lexical series lii = 9a, pub. Civil,MSL 12 87-147

Lugale epic Lugale u melambi nergal,cited from MS. of A. Falkenstein

Lyon Sar. D. G. Lyon, Keilschrifttexte Sar-gon's . ..

MAD Materials for the Assyrian Dic-tionary

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsMAH tablets in the collection of the

Musee d'Art et d'Histoire, GenevaMalku synonym list malku = garru (Malku I

pub. A. D. Kilmer, JAOS 83 421ff.;Malku II pub. W. von Soden, ZA43 235 ff.)

MAOG Mitteilungen der AltorientalischenGesellschaft

Maqlu G. Meier, Maqlu (= AfO Beiheft 2)Matoui L. Matoug, Inscriptions cuneifor-

Kultepe mes du Kultepe, Vol. 2 (= ICK 2)Mayer Gebets- W. R. Mayer, Untersuchungen zur

beschworun- Formensprache der babylonischengen ,Gebetsbeschworungen" (= Stu-

dia Pohl: Series Maior 5)MCS Manchester Cuneiform StudiesMCT O. Neugebauer and A. Sachs,

Mathematical Cuneiform Texts (=AOS 29)

MDOG Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft

MDP Memoires de la D6legation en PerseMeissner BAP B. Meissner, Beitrage zum alt-

babylonischen PrivatrechtMeissner BAW B. Meissner, Beitrage zum assyri-

schen Wiirterbuch (= AS 1 and 4)Meissner BuA B. Meissner, Babylonien und As-

syrienMeissner Supp. B. Meissner, Supplement zu den

assyrischen WorterbiichernMeissner-Rost B. Meissner and P. Rost, Die Bau-

Senn. inschriften SanheribsMel. Dussaud Melanges syriens offerts & M. Ren6

DussaudMeloni Saggi Gerardo Meloni, Saggi di filologia

semiticaMendelsohn I. Mendelsohn, Slavery in the An-

Slavery cient Near EastMEOL Mededelingen en Verhandelingen

van het Vooraziatisch-EgyptischGenootschap "Ex Oriente Lux"

Met. Museum tablets in the collections of theMetropolitan Museum of Art, N.Y.

MIO Mitteilungen des Instituts fiirOrientforschung

MJ Museum JournalMKT O. Neugebauer, Mathematische

KeilschrifttexteMLC tablets in the collections of the

J. Pierpont Morgan LibraryMM tablets in the collections of the

Monserrat MuseumMoldenke A. B. Moldenke, Babylonian Con-

tract Tablets in the MetropolitanMuseum of Art

Moore E. W. Moore, Neo-BabylonianMichigan Documents in the University ofColl. Michigan Collection

Moran Temple W. L. Moran, Sumero-AkkadianLists Temple Lists (in MS.)

MRSMSL

MSP

Mullo WeirLexicon

MVAG

MVN

Nabnitu

NBC

NBGT

Nbk.

Nbn.

NeugebauerACT

Nies UDTnigg*

Nikolski

NotscherEllil

NPN

OberhuberFlorenz

OberhuberIKT

OBGT

OB Lu

OBT TellRimah

OECTOIC

Mission de Ras ShamraMaterialien zum sumerischen Lexi-

kon; Materials for the SumerianLexicon

J. J. M. de Morgan, Missionscientifique en Perse

C. J. Mullo Weir, A Lexicon ofAccadian Prayers ...

Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatisch-Aegyptischen Gesellschaft

Materiali per il vocabolario neo-sumerico

tablets in the collections of theUniversity Museum of the Univer-sity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

lexical series SIG7+ALAM = nabnitu,pub. MSL 16

tablets in the Babylonian Collec-tion, Yale University Library

Neobabylonian Grammatical Texts,pub. MSL 4 129-178

J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften vonNabuchodonosor

J. N. Strassmaier, Inschriften vonNabonidus

field numbers of tablets excavatedat Nimrud (Kalhu)

O. Neugebauer, Astronomical Cu-neiform Texts

tablets excavated at Nippur, in thecollections of the ArchaeologicalMuseum of Istanbul

J. B. Nies, Ur Dynasty Tabletslexical series nigg* = makkuru,pub. Civil, MSL 13 91-124

M. V. Nikolski, Dokumenty kho-ziaistvennoi otchetnosti ...

F. Notscher, Ellil in Sumer undAkkad

I. J. Gelb, P. M. Purves, and A. A.MacRae, Nuzi Personal Names(= OIP 57)

field numbers of tablets excavatedat Nippur by the Oriental Insti-tute and other institutions

K. Oberhuber, Sumerische undakkadische Keilschriftdenkmalerdes Archaologischen Museumszu Florenz

K. Oberhuber, Innsbrucker Keil-schrifttexte

Old Babylonian Grammatical Texts,pub. MSL 4 47-128

Old Babylonian version of Lu, pub.MSL 12 151-219

S. Dalley, C. B. F. Walker, J. D.Hawkins, Old Babylonian Textsfrom Tell Rimah

Oxford Editions of Cuneiform TextsOriental Institute Communications

xvi

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsOIP Oriental Institute PublicationsOLZ Orientalistische LiteraturzeitungOppenheim L. F. Hartman and A. L. Oppen-

Beer heim, On Beer and Brewing Tech-niques in Ancient Mesopotamia... (= JAOS Supp. 10)

Oppenheim A. L. Oppenheim, Glass and Glass-Glass making in Ancient Mesopotamia

Oppenheim L. Oppenheim, UntersuchungenMietrecht zum babylonischen Mietrecht

(= WZKM Beiheft 2)Oppert-M6nant J. Oppert et J. M6nant, Documents

Doc. jur. juridiques de l'AssyrieOr. OrientaliaOriental Law Essays on Oriental Laws of Suc-

of Succession cession (= Studia et documenta adiura orientis antiqui pertinentia 9)

OT Old TestamentOtten AV Festschrift Heinrich OttenOwen Lewis D. Owen, The John Frederick

Coll. Lewis Collection (= MVN 3)Pallis Akitu S. A. Pallis, The Babylonian Akitu

FestivalPAPS Proceedings of the American Philo-

sophical SocietyParpola LAS S. Parpola, Letters of Assyrian

Scholars (= AOAT 5)Parrot A. Parrot, Documents et Monu-

Documents ments (= Mission archeologiquede Mari II, Le palais, tome 3)

PBS Publications of the BabylonianSection, University Museum, Uni-versity of Pennsylvania

PEF Quarterly Statement of the Pal-estine Exploration Fund

Peiser F. E. Peiser, Urkunden aus derUrkunden Zeit der 3. babylonischen Dyna-

stiePeiser F. E. Peiser, Babylonische Ver-Vertrage trage des Berliner Museums ...

PEQ Palestine Exploration QuarterlyPerry Sin E. G. Perry, Hymnen und Gebete

an Sin (= LSS 2/4)Petschow MB H. Petschow, Mittelbabylonische

Rechts- Rechts- und Wirtschaftsurkundenurkunden der Hilprecht-Sammlung Jena ...

Petschow H. Petschow, NeubabylonischesPfandrecht Pfandrecht (= ASAW Phil.-Hist.

Kl. 48/1)Pettinato Un- G. Pettinato, Untersuchungen zurtersuchungen neusumerischen Landwirtschaft

Photo. Ass. field photographs of tablets ex-cavated at Assur

Photo. Konst. field photographs of tablets ex-cavated at Assur

Piepkorn Asb. A. C. Piepkorn, Historical PrismInscriptions of Ashurbanipal (=AS 5)

Pinches T. G. Pinches, The AmherstAmherst Tablets ...

Pinches T. G. Pinches, The BabylonianBerens Coll. Tablets of the Berens Collection

Pinches Peek T. G. Pinches, Inscribed BabylonianTablets in the possession of SirHenry Peek

Postgate NA J. N. Postgate, Fifty Neo-AssyrianLeg. Docs. Legal Documents

Postgate J. N. Postgate, The Governor'sPalace Palace Archive (= CTN 2)Archive

Postgate J. N. Postgate, Neo-Assyrian RoyalRoyal Grants Grants and Decrees (= Studia

Pohl: Series Maior 1)Postgate J. N. Postgate, Taxation andTaxation Conscription in the Assyrian Em-

pire (= Studia Pohl: SeriesMaior 3)

Practical lexical text, pub. B. LandsbergerVocabulary and 0. Gurney, AfO 18 328ff.Assur

Pritchard J. B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient NearANET Eastern Texts Relating to the

Old Testament, 2nd and 3rd ed.Proto-Diri see DiriProto-Ea see Ea; pub. MSL 2 35-94 and MSL

14 87-144Proto-Izi lexical series, pub. Civil, MSL 13

7-59Proto-Kagal lexical series, pub. Civil, MSL 13

63-88Proto-Lu lexical series, pub. MSL 12 25-84PRSM Proceedings of the Royal Society

of MedicinePRT E. Klauber, Politisch-religiose

Texte aus der SargonidenzeitPSBA Proceedings of the Society of

Biblical ArchaeologyR H. C. Rawlinson, The Cuneiform

Inscriptions of Western AsiaRA Revue d'assyriologie et d'archeolo-

gie orientaleRAcc. F. Thureau-Dangin, Rituels ac-

cadiensRainey EA A. Rainey, El Amarna Tablets 359-

379 (= AOAT 8)Ranke PN H. Ranke, Early Babylonian Per-

sonal NamesRB Revue bibliqueREC F. Thureau-Dangin, Recherches sur

l'origine de l'6criture cun6iformeRecip. Ea lexical series "Reciprocal Ea,"

pub. MSL 14 521-532REg Revue d'6gyptologieReiner Liphur E. Reiner, LipSur-Litanies (JNES

Litanies 15 129 ff.)Reisner G. A. Reisner, Tempelurkunden

Telloh aus TellohRencontre Compte rendu de la seconde

Assyriolo- (troisibme) Rencontre Assyriolo-gique gique Internationale

xvii

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsR6p. g6ogr.

R1SReschidArchiv desNuirama§

RHARHRRIDA

Ries Boden-pacht-formulare

Riftin

RLARLVRm.

ROM

RomerFrauenbriefe

RomerKonigs-hymnen

RostTigl. III

RSORT

RTC

Sa Voc.

Sag Bil.SAI

SAKI

SalonenAgricultura

Salonen Fest-schrift

SalonenFischerei

SalonenFuB-bekleidung

E. SalonenGruBformeln

Repertoire g6ographique des tex-tes cuneiformes

Revue des etudes semitiquesF. Reschid, Archiv des Nurgama§

und andere Darlehensurkundenaus der altbabylonischen Zeit

Revue hittite et asianiqueRevue de l'histoire des religionsRevue internationale du droit del'antiquite

G. Ries, Die neubabylonischenBodenpachtformulare

A. P. Riftin, Staro-Vavilonskieiuridicheskie i administrativnyedokumenty v sobraniiakh SSSR

Reallexikon der AssyriologieReallexikon der Vorgeschichtetablets in the collections of theBritish Museum

tablets in the collections of theRoyal Ontario Museum, Toronto

W. H. Ph. Romer, Frauenbriefeiiber Religion, Politik und Pri-vatleben in Mari (= AOAT 12)

W. H. Ph. Romer, Sumerische'Konigshymnen' der Isin-Zeit

P. Rost, Die Keilschrifttexte Tig-lat-Pilesers III ...

field numbers of tablets excavatedat Ras Shamra

Rivista degli studi orientaliRecueil de travaux relatifs A la

philologie et a l'arch6ologie 6gyp-tiennes et assyriennes

F. Thureau-Dangin, Recueil detablettes chaldeennes

lexical series Syllabary A, pub.MSL 3 3-45

lexical series Syllabary A Vocabu-lary, pub. MSL 3 51-87

lexical seriesB. Meissner, Seltene assyrische

IdeogrammeF. Thureau-Dangin, Die sumeri-

schen und akkadischen Konigs-inschriften (= VAB 1)

A. Salonen, Agricultura mesopo-tamica (= AASF 149)

Studia Orientalia Armas I. Salonen(= StOr 46)

A. Salonen, Die Fischerei im altenMesopotamien (= AASF 166)

A. Salonen, Die FuBbekleidung deralten Mesopotamier (= AASF157)

E. Salonen, Die GruB- und Hof-lichkeitsformeln in babylonisch-assyrischen Briefen (= StOr 38)

SalonenHausgerate

SalonenHippologica

SalonenLandfahr-zeuge

SalonenMobel

Salonen Tiiren

E. SalonenWaffen

SalonenWasser-fahrzeuge

San NicolbProsopo-graphie

San Nicolb-Ungnad NRV

SaporettiOnomastica

SAWW

S b

SBAW

SBH

Scheil Sippar

Scheil Tn. II

SchneiderGotter-namen

SchneiderZeitbestim-mungen

Schollmeyer

SchrammEinleitung

SellinTa'annek

SEM

Sem.SeuxEpithbtes

ShafferSumerianSources

A. Salonen, Die Hausgerate deralten Mesopotamier (= AASF 139and 144)

A. Salonen, Hippologica Accadica(= AASF 100)

A. Salonen, Die Landfahrzeuge desalten Mesopotamien (= AASF 72)

A. Salonen, Die Mobel des altenMesopotamien (= AASF 127)

A. Salonen, Die Tiiren des altenMesopotamien (= AASF 124)

E. Salonen, Die Waffen der altenMesopotamier (= StOr 33)

A. Salonen, Die Wasserfahrzeugein Babylonien (= StOr 8)

M. San Nicolo, Beitrage zu einerProsopographie neubabylonischerBeamten der Zivil- und Tempel-verwaltung (= SBAW 1941 2/2)

M. San Nicolo and A. Ungnad,Neubabylonische Rechts- undVerwaltungsurkunden

C. Saporetti, Onomastica Medio-Assira (= Studia Pohl 6)

Sitzungsberichte der Akademie derWissenschaften, Wien

lexical series Syllabary B, pub.MSL 3 96-128 and 132-153

Sitzungsberichte der BayerischenAkademie der Wissenschaften

G. A. Reisner, Sumerisch-babylo-nische Hymnen nach Thontafelngriechischer Zeit

V. Scheil, Une saison de fouilles aSippar

V. Scheil, Annales de TukultiNinip II, roi d'Assyrie 889-884

N. Schneider, Die Gotternamenvon Ur III (= AnOr 19)

N. Schneider, Die Zeitbestimmun-gen der Wirtschaftsurkunden vonUr III (= AnOr 13)

A. Schollmeyer, Sumerisch-babylo-nische Hymnen und Gebete angama§

W. Schramm, Einleitung in dieassyrischen Konigsinschriften

E. Sellin, Tell Ta'annek...

E. Chiera, Sumerian Epics andMyths (= OIP 15)

SemiticaM.-J. Seux, Epithetes royales akka-diennes et sum6riennes

A. Shaffer, Sumerian Sources ofTablet XII of the Epic of Gil-games (unpub. dissertation)

xviii

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical AbbreviationsSHAW

ShileikoDokumenty

Silben-vokabular

SjobergMondgott

SjobergTempleHymns

9LSLB

SLT

Sm.

S. A. SmithMisc. Assyr.Texts

Smith College

Smith IdrimiSmith Senn.

SMN

SOAW

von SodenGAG

von SodenSyllabar

Sollberger andKupper In-scriptionsRoyales

SollbergerCorpus

SollbergerCorrespond-ence

SommerAhhijava

Sommer-FalkensteinBil.

Sp.

SPAW

Sitzungsberichte der HeidelbergerAkademie der Wissenschaften

V. K. Shileiko, Dokumenty izGiul-tepe

field numbers of tablets excavatedat Sippar

lexical series

A. Sjoberg, Der Mondgott Nanna-Suen in der sumerischen Uber-lieferung, I. Teil: Texte

A. W. Sjoberg and E. Bergmann,The Collection of the SumerianTemple Hymns (= TCS 3)

A. Deimel, Sumerisches LexikonStudia ad tabulas cuneiformes col-lectas a F. M. Th. de Liagre Bohlpertinentia

E. Chiera, Sumerian Lexical Texts(= OIP 11)

tablets in the collections of theBritish Museum

S. A. Smith, Miscellaneous As-syrian Texts of the BritishMuseum

tablets in the collection of SmithCollege

S. Smith, The Statue of Idri-miS. Smith, The First Campaign of

Sennacherib ...tablets excavated at Nuzi, in the

Semitic Museum, Harvard Uni-versity, Cambridge

Sitzungsberichte der Osterreichi-schen Akademie der Wissen-schaften

W. von Soden, GrundriB der akka-dischen Grammatik (= AnOr 33)

W. von Soden, Das akkadischeSyllabar (= AnOr 27; 2nd ed. =AnOr 42)

E. Sollberger and J.-R. Kupper,Inscriptions royales sum6rienneset akkadiennes

E. Sollberger, Corpus des inscrip-tions "royales" presargoniques deLaga

E. Sollberger, Business and Ad-ministrative Correspondenceunder the Kings of Ur (= TCS 1)

F. Sommer, Die Ahhijava-Urkunden

F. Sommer and A. Falkenstein, Diehethitisch-akkadische Bilinguedes HattuSili I

tablets in the collections of theBritish Museum

Sitzungsberichte der PreuBischenAkademie der Wissenschaften

Speleers L. Speleers, Recueil des inscrip-Recueil tions de l'Asie anterieure des

Musees Royaux du Cinquante-naire Bruxelles

SRT E. Chiera, Sumerian Religious TextsSSB F. X. Kugler, Sternkunde und

Sterndienst in BabelSSB Erg. J. Schaumberger, Sternkunde und

Sterndienst in Babel, Erganzun-gen ...

Stamm J. J. Stamm, Die akkadischeNamengebung Namengebung (= MVAG 44)

Starr Nuzi R. F. S. Starr, Nuzi: Report on theExcavations at Yorgan Tepa nearKirkuk, Iraq

StBoT Studien zu den Bogazkoy-TextenSTC L. W. King, The Seven Tablets

of CreationStephens PNC F. J. Stephens, Personal Names

from Cuneiform Inscriptions ofCappadocia

Stol On Trees M. Stol, On Trees, Mountains, andMillstones in the Ancient NearEast (= MEOL 21)

StOr Studia Orientalia (Helsinki)Strassmaier J. N. Strassmaier, Alphabetisches

AV Verzeichnis der assyrischen undakkadischen Worter...

Strassmaier J. N. Strassmaier, Die babyloni-Liverpool schen Inschriften im Museum zu

Liverpool, Actes du 6 e CongresInternational des Orientalistes,II, Section S6mitique (1) (1885),plates after p. 624

Strassmaier J. N. Strassmaier, Texte altbabylo-Warka nischer Vertrage aus Warka, Ver-

handlungen des Fiinften Interna-tionalen Orientalisten-Congresses(1881), Beilage

Streck Asb. M. Streck, Assurbanipal ... (=VAB 7)

STT 0. R. Gurney, J. J. Finkelstein, andP. Hulin, The Sultantepe Tablets

Studi Rinaldi Studi sull'Oriente e la Bibbiaofferti al P. Giovanni Rinaldi ...

Studia (= Documenta et monumentaMariana orientis antiqui 4)

Studia Orien- Studia orientalia loanni Pedersentalia Pedersen dicata

Studien Heidelberger Studien zum AltenFalkenstein Orient, Adam Falkenstein zum

17. September 1966Studies H. Goedicke, ed., Near EasternAlbright Studies in Honor of William

Foxwell AlbrightStudies Studies in Honor of Tom B. JonesJones (= AOAT 203)

Studies Studies in Honor of Benno Lands-Landsberger berger on his Seventy-fifth

Birthday (= AS 16)

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical Abbreviations

Studies Studies Presented to A. LeoOppenheim Oppenheim

Studies Studies in Old Testament ProphecyRobinson Presented to T. H. Robinson

STVC E. Chiera, Sumerian Texts of\aried Contents (= OIP 16)

Sultantepe field numbers of tablets excavatedat Sultantepe

Sumerological Sumerological Studies in Honor ofStudies Thorkild Jacobsen (= AS 20)Jacobsen

Sumeroloji Ankara Universitesi Dil ve Tarih-Arastirmalari Cografya Falkiiltesi Sumeroloji

arastirmalari, 1940-4 IBurpu E. Reiner, Surpu (= AfO Beiheft 11)Symb. Symbolae P. Koschaker dedicatae

Koschaker (= Studia et documenta ad iuraorientis antiqui pertinentia 2)

Symbolae Bohl Symbolae Biblicae et Mesopotami-cae Francisco Mario Theodoro deLiagre Bohl Dedicatae

SZ Zeitschrift der Savigny-StiftungSzlechter E. Szlechter, Tablettes juridiquesTablettes de la ire Dynastie de Babylone

Szlechter E. Szlechter, Tablettes juridiquesTJA et administratives de la III

Dynastie d'Ur et de la Ire Dyna-stie de Babylone

T tablets in the collections of theStaatliche Museen, Berlin

Tablet Funck one of several tablets in privatepossession (mentioned as F. 1, 2,3, Delitzsch HWB xiii), cited fromunpublished copies of Delitzsch;F. 2 pub. AfO 21 pl. 9-10

Tallqvist APN K. Tallqvist, Assyrian PersonalNames (= ASSF 43/1)

Tallqvist K. Tallqvist, Akkadische Gotter-Gotter- epitheta (= StOr 7)epitheta

Tallqvist K. Tallqvist, Die assyrische Be-Maqlu schworungsserie Maqlf (= ASSF

20/6)Tallqvist NBN K. Tallqvist, Neubabylonisches

Namenbuch ... (= ASSF 32/2)TCL Textes cuneiformes du LouvreTCS Texts from Cuneiform SourcesTell Asmar tablets excavated at Tell Asmar, in

the collections of the OrientalInstitute, University of Chicago

Tell Halaf J. Friedrich et al., Die Inschriftenvom Tell Halaf (= AfO Beiheft 6)

Th. tablets in the collections of theBritish Museum

Thompson AH R. C. Thompson, The AssyrianHerbal

Thompson R. C. Thompson, On the ChemistryChem. of the Ancient Assyrians

Thompson R. C. Thompson, A Dictionary ofDAB Assyrian Botany

ThompsonDAC

ThompsonEsarh.

ThompsonGilg.

ThompsonRep.

Thureau-DanginTil-Barsib

TIMTLB

TMB

Tn.-Epic

TorczynerTempel-rechnungen

TSBA

TSTSTuL

TuM

TurnerJubilee Vol.

UCP

UEUETUFUgumuUgumu Bil.UM

UMB

R. C. Thompson, A Dictionary ofAssyrian Chemistry and Geology

R. C. Thompson, The Prisms of Es-arhaddon and ofAshurbanipal ...

R. C. Thompson, The Epic ofGilgamish

R. C. Thompson, The Reports ofthe Magicians and Astrologers . .

F. Thureau-Dangin, M. Dunand etal., Til-Barsib

Texts in the Iraq MuseumTabulae Cuneiformes a F. M. Th.

de Liagre Bohl collectaeF. Thureau-Dangin, Textes math6-

matiques babyloniensTukulti-Ninurta Epic, pub. AAA

20, pls. 101ff., and Archaeologia 79pl. 49; transliteration in Ebeling,MAOG 12/2, column numbersaccording to W. G. Lambert, AfO18 38ff.

H. Torczyner, AltbabylonischeTempelrechnungen ...

Transactions of the Society ofBiblical Archaeology

Toronto Semitic Texts and StudiesE. Ebeling, Tod und Leben nach

den Vorstellungen der BabylonierTexte und Materialien der Frau

Professor Hilprecht Collection ofBabylonian Antiquities im Eigen-tum der Universitat Jena

S. M. Katre, ed., Sir Ralph TurnerJubilee Volume

University of California Publica-tions in Semitic Philology

Ur ExcavationsUr Excavations, TextsUgarit-Forschungenlexical series, pub. MSL 9 51-65lexical series, pub. MSL 9 67-73tablets in the collections of theUniversity Museum of the Univer-sity of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaUniversity Museum Bulletin

Unger Babylon E. Unger, Babylon, die heilige

Unger Bel-harran-beli-ussur

Unger Mem.Vol.

Unger Relief-stele

Ungnad NRVGlossar

Stadt ...E. Unger, Die Stele des Bel-harran-

beli-ussur

In Memoriam Eckhard Unger. Bei-trage zu Geschichte, Kultur undReligion des Alten Orients

E. Unger, Reliefstele AdadnirarisIII. aus Saba'a und Semiramis

A. Ungnad, NeubabylonischeRechts- und Verwaltungsurkun-den. Glossar

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical Abbreviations

Uruanna

UVB

VABVASVAT

VBoT

VDIVeenhof OldAssyrianTrade

VIO

VirolleaudComptabilite

VirolleaudDanel

VirolleaudFragments

Voix del'opposition

von Voigt-landerBisitun

VTW.

Waetzold Tex-tilindustrie

WaltherGerichts-wesen

pharmaceutical series uruanna:maltakal

Vorlaufiger Bericht iber die ...Ausgrabungen in Uruk-Warka(Berlin 1930-)

Vorderasiatische BibliothekVorderasiatische Schriftdenkmalertablets in the collections of theStaatliche Museen, Berlin

A. Gotze, Verstreute Boghazkoi-Texte

Vestnik Drevnei IstoriiK. R. Veenhof, Aspects of Old

Assyrian Trade and Its Termi-nology

Veroffentlichungen des Institutsfur Orientforschung, Berlin

C. Virolleaud, Comptabilite chal-deenne (6poque de la dynastiedite seconde d'Our)

C. Virolleaud, La legende ph6ni-cienne de Danel

C. Virolleaud, Fragments de textesdivinatoires assyriens du MuseeBritannique

A. Finet, ed., La Voix de l'oppo-sition en Mesopotamie. Colloqueorganise par l'Institut des HautesEtudes de Belgique 19 et 20 mars1973

E. von Voigtlander, The BisitunInscription of Darius the Great:Babylonian Version (= CorpusInscriptionum Iranicarum I/I/II/1)

Vetus Testamentumfield numbers of tablets excavated

at WarkaH. Waetzold, Untersuchungen zur

neusumerischen TextilindustrieA. Walther, Das altbabylonische

Gerichtswesen (= LSS 6/4-6)

Ward Seals W. H. Ward, The Seal Cylinders ofWestern Asia

Warka field numbers of tablets excavatedat Warka

Watelin Kish Oxford University Joint Expeditionto Mesopotamia, Excavations atKish: III (1925-1927) by L. C.Watelin

Waterman L. Waterman, Business DocumentsBus. Doc. of the Hammurapi Period (also

pub. in AJSL 29 and 30)Weidner E. Weidner, Handbuch der babylo-

Handbuch nischen AstronomieWeidner Tn. E. Weidner, Die Inschriften Tukul-

ti-Ninurtas I. (= AfO Beiheft 12)Weissbach F. H. Weissbach, Babylonische

Misc. Miscellen (= WVDOG 4)

Weitemeyer M. Weitemeyer, Some Aspects ofthe Hiring of Workers in the Sip-par Region at the Time of Ham-murabi

Wenger AV Festschrift fur Leopold Wenger,2. Band, Miinchener Beitrage zurPapyrusforschung und AntikenRechtsgeschichte, 35. Heft

Westenholz A. Westenholz, Old Sumerian andOSP Old Akkadian Texts in Philadel-

phia Chiefly from NippurWilcke C. Wilcke, Kollationen zu den su-

Kollationen merischen literarischen Textenaus Nippur in der Hilprecht-Sammlung Jena (= ASAW 65/4)

vVilcke C. Wilcke, Das LugalbandaeposLugal-banda

Winckler AOF H. Winckler, Altorientalische For-schungen

Winckler H. Winckler, Sammlung von Keil-Sammlung schrifttexten

Winckler Sar. H. Winckler, Die KeilschrifttexteSargons ...

Winnett AV J. Wevers and D. Redford, eds.,Studies on the Ancient PalestinianWorld (= TSTS 2)

Wiseman D. J. Wiseman, The AlalakhAlalakh Tablets

Wiseman D. J. Wiseman, Chronicles of theChron. Chaldean Kings ...

Wiseman D. J. Wiseman, The Vassal TreatiesTreaties of Esarhaddon (= Iraq 20 Part 1)

WO Die Welt des OrientsWoolley Carchemish, Report on the Ex-

Carchemish cavations at Djerabis on behalfof the British Museum

WVDOG Wissenschaftliche Veroffentlichun-gen der Deutschen Orient-Gesell-schaft

WZJ Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift derFriedrich - Schiller - UniversitatJena

WZKM Wiener Zeitschrift fir die Kundedes Morgenlandes

YBC tablets in the Babylonian Col-lection, Yale University Library

Ylvisaker S. C. Ylvisaker, Zur babylonischenGrammatik und assyrischen Grammatik (=

LSS 5/6)YOR Yale Oriental Series, ResearchesYOS Yale Oriental Series, Babylonian

TextsZA Zeitschrift fir AssyriologieZAW Zeitschrift fur die alttestamentliche

WissenschaftZDMG Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgen-

landischen GesellschaftZDPV Zeitschrift des Deutschen Pala-

stina-Vereins

oi.uchicago.edu

Provisional List of Bibliographical Abbreviations

Zeitschrift fur EthnologieH. Zimmern, Akkadische Fremd-worter.. ., 2nd ed.

H. Zimmern, IMtar und altu, einaltakkadisches Lied (BSGW Phil.-hist. Kl. 68/1)

Zimmern H. Zimmern, Zum babylonischenNeujahrsfest Neujahrsfest (BSGW Phil.-hist.

Kl. 58/3); zweiter Beitrag (ibid.70/5)

ZK Zeitschrift fur KeilschriftforschungZS Zeitschrift fur Semitistik

xxii

ZEZimmernFremdw.

ZimmernIMtar undSaltu

oi.uchicago.edu

abbr.ace.Achaem.add.adj.adm.Adn.adv.Akk.Aluapod.app.Aram.Asb.Asn.Ass.astrol.astron.Av.Babyl.bil.Bogh.bus.Camb.chem.chron.col.coll.comm.conj.corr.Cyr.Dar.dat.dem.denom.det.diagn.disc.DNdoc.dupl.EAecon.ed.EDElam.Esarh.esp.Etanaetym.ext.fact.fem.fig.fragm.gen.geogr.

abbreviated, abbreviationaccusativeAchaemenidaddition(al)adjectiveadministrative (texts)Adad-nirariadverbAkkadianSumma aluapodosisappendixAramaicAssurbanipalA§Aur-nasir-apli IIAssyrianastrological (texts)astronomical (texts)AvestanBabylonianbilingual (texts)BoghazkeuibusinessCambyseschemical (texts)chroniclecolumncollation, collatedcommentary (texts)conjunctioncorrespondingCyrusDariusdativedemonstrativedenominativedeterminativediagnostic (texts)discussiondivine namedocumentduplicateEl-Amarnaeconomic (texts)editionEarly DynasticElamiteEsarhaddonespeciallyEtana mythetymology, etymologicalextispicyfactitivefemininefigurefragment(ary)genitive, generalgeographical

)ther Abbreviations

Gilg.Gk.gloss.GNgramm.group voc.Heb.hemer.hist.Hitt.Hurr.IEimp.inc.incl.indecl.inf.inscr.interj.interr.intrans.inv.Izbulament.LBleg.let.lex.lit.log.Ludlullw.MAmasc.math.MBmed.meteor.

MNmng.n.NANBNbk.Nbn.Ner.NFnom.NSnum.OAOAkk.OBobv.occ.Old Pers.opp.

xxiii

Gilgame§Greekglossarygeographical namegrammatical (texts)group vocabularyHebrewhemerologyhistorical (texts)HittiteHurrianIndo-Europeanimperativeincantation (texts)includingindeclinableinfinitiveinscriptioninterjectioninterrogativeintransitiveinventorySumma izbulamentationLate Babylonianlegal (texts)letterlexical (texts)literally, literary (texts)logogram, logographicLudlul bel nemeqiloan wordMiddle Assyrianmasculinemathematical (texts)Middle Babylonianmedical (texts)meteorology, meteorological

(texts)month namemeaningnoteNeo-AssyrianNeo-BabylonianNebuchadnezzar IINabonidusNeriglissarNeue FolgenominativeNew Series, Nova SeriesnumeralOld AssyrianOld AkkadianOld Babylonianobverseoccurrence, occursOld Persianopposite (of) (to)

oi.uchicago.edu

Other Abbreviationsorig.p.Palmyr.part.pharm.phon.physiogn.pl.pl. tantumPNprep.pres.Pre-Sar.pret.pron.prot.pub.r.redupl.ref.rel.rit.RNRS8.Sar.SBSel.

original(ly)pagePalmyreneparticiplepharmaceutical (texts)phoneticphysiognomic (omens)plural, plateplurale tantumpersonal nameprepositionpresentPre-Sargonicpreteritpronoun, pronominalprotasispublishedreversereduplicated, reduplicationreferencereligious (texts)ritual (texts)royal nameRas ShamrasubstantiveSargon IIStandard BabylonianSeleucid

Sem.Senn.Shalm.sing.Skt.stat. const.str.Sum.supp.syll.syn.Syr.Tigl.Tn.trans.translat.translit.Ugar.uncert.unkn.unpub.V.var.wr.WSem.xxx

xxiv

SemiticSennacheribShalmanesersingularSanskritstatus constructusstropheSumeriansupplementsyllabicallysynonym(ous)SyriacTiglathpileserTukulti-Ninurta ItransitivetranslationtransliterationUgariticuncertainunknownunpublishedverbvariantwrittenWest Semiticnumber not transliteratedillegible sign in Akk.illegible sign in Sum.

oi.uchicago.edu

THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY

VOLUME 13

Qqabaltiu (qabassiu, fem. qabassitu) adj.;middle; MA, NA; wr. syll. and MURUB 4with phon. complement; cf. qablu A.

teh palge qa-ba-al-ti-e next to themiddle canal JCS 7 123 No. 5:12 (MA); katarruina muhhi igdri §a abisdte qa-ba-sa-a-teit-ta-mar (see abisu mng. 2b) ABL 367r. 4, also, wr. qab-sat ADD 981 r. 8; nadmiri Sa abulli qab-si-te . . . ittuqutu thetowers of the middle gate fell downIraq 4 186 r. 10; protective genii ina IGI KA(wr. E) MURUB 4-ti in front of the middlegate Iraq 17 134 (pl. 33) No. 16:19, cf. inaIGI KA qa-ba-si-te ibid. 15; nerubu qa-ba-si-u Sa tarbai Sa bit Adad the middleentrance to the courtyard of the Adadtemple ABL 1243:6, cf. ina URU.MIN qa-ba-si-i ina reA rba'il ADD 742: 10; 4 mi ebeqa-ba-su-te four middle seats ADD 860 i 16;[in]a(?) suHU§ qab-si-td (in brokencontext) ADD 936 iii 11, see Postgate Taxation318; an[a .. .] qa-ba-sa-ti Sa .OA[L(?) ... ]van Driel Cult of AgAur 128 iv 26 (all NA).

qabaltu (qabassu, qabsu) s.; middle,center; from OB on; NA qabassu, qabsu,stat. const. qabalti, qablat, NA qab(as)si;wr. syll. and MURUB 4 mostly with phon.complement (§A-ti Scheil Tn. II 31); cf.qablu A.

Aa-ab §AB = qa-ab-la-ta-an Diri V 74; ii-guuGU = qab-lat qaq-qa-di Diri III 146.

a) in lit. and hist.: attanaggil kimahdbilim qd-ba-al-tu oerim (see habilu A)Gilg. M. ii 11 (OB), cf. etlaaggadS Ja qd-bal-ti$eri the wild man from the midst of thedesert Gilg. I iv 7; ina qa-a-ab-la-at tdmtinnin abdr I caught fish in the middle of

the sea EA 356:50 (Adapa); qema tanaddi usirqa ina MURUB 4-ti 4 tanaddi you makea flour (offering) and a scatter offeringin the middle ZA 45 208 v 6 (Bogh. rit.);akukitu Sa qab-lat ame u ergeti terdt (seeakukutu mng. 1) KAR 57 i 9, dupl. FarberIStar und Dumuzi pl. 8:43, see ibid. p. 130; IStarina qa-ab-la-at a-li-i uhabbu (difficult, seehdbu A mng. 2b) JAOS 38 82:4 (MB ext.);ina qab-lat dli ura talabbit in the middleof the city you sweep a roof clean Or. NS36 19 r. 10 (namburbi); a ... gigune qa-bal-ti dli u'abbituma (the river) which haddestroyed the temples inside the city OIP2 99:46, cf. ibid. 105 v 86 (Senn.); ekallu §an'tuina MURUB 4 -ti dli ina ki-i(text -TA) -di dlianother palace either inside or outside thecity AKA 248 v 40 (Asn.); (camels werebought cheap) ina qa-bal-ti mdtija in thevery middle of my land Streck Asb. 76 ix 48;ina MURUB 4-ti ekalli hatti ramani uimqussuma in the middle of (his) palacefear befell him Lie Sar. 54:9, cf. Rost Tigl. IIIp. 16:97; note, wr. ina §A-ti KUR GN ScheilTn. II 31.

b) in EA, Nuzi: kuppdtu buildingsina qa-bd-la-at eqleti a PN JEN 213:17,wr. ina MURUB 4-at JEN 231:7, MURUB 4JEN 587:7, qab-la-a-at JEN268:10, qab-la-atJEN 323 :13; 1 muballittu . . u naki a uqniina qd-ab-<<u> -la-ti-u-u one containerfor aromatics and a lapis lazuli naku vesselin the middle of it EA 14 ii 9, cf. ibid. i 62(list of gifts from Egypt).

c) in NA: Mannaja ina qa-ab-si mdtifuiktala the Mannean has held back (thehorses) inside his land ABL 165 r. 5; anagerudi aki qa-ab-si mdtiSu luS9tiqunillu

oi.uchicago.edu

qabAru

ABL 1058 r. 8; lu ina harrini lu ina qab-simdti either on the road or in the middleof the land Wiseman Treaties 199; ildni.. .qa-ba-si mudabiri §unu the towns (intowhich we brought the pack animals) arein the middle of the desert Iraq 25 79No. 70 r. 13; diru . . ina qab-si ali ittuqutthe wall fell down in the middle of the city(opposite: EDIN li) Iraq4 186:14, cf. qab-sidli ABL 175 r. 4, but wr. qa-bal-ti aliEbeling Stiftungen 4: 6; ina muhhi a ina qab-siGN am~ini as regards what I heard inthe center of Calah ABL 211 r. 9, also ABL766:8, 1042:8, ADD 102:4, 742:12, Iraq 25 96BT.124:12, Thompson Rep. 217 r. 6, K.8016:13(Asb.), cited Bauer Asb. 2 70 n. 1, wr. qa-ab-siADD 812:5 and 8, K.15309:3 (courtesy S. Par-pola), Postgate Palace Archive 156:3, cf. inaqab-si bzt ASSur ABL 555:10; ina qa-ab-siekalli ina pan farri errab (the crownprince) will enter into the presence of theking inside the palace ABL 356 r. 3, seeParpola LAS No. 45.

d) in MB, NB: ID Qd-ab-la-at URUPBS 1/2 63:9 (MB let.); abattu .. . ultu qa-bal-ti dli i4dnimma (see abattu B usagea-2) BIN 1 32:16; ina qa-bal-ta ali GCCI 2103:5; [x+]3 kirdti ina qa-bal-ti ali x palmgroves inside the city AnOr 9 2:61, alsoVAS 1 35:12 (kudurru); eqelunu a MURUB 4 -tum dli BIN 1 101:8; GN dlu 8a MURUB4 -tuiPurattu GN, a town which is in the middleof the Euphrates Grayson Chronicles No. 3:33,cf. GN Sa ina MURUB 4-tui ID marrat GN,which is in the middle of the sea ibid.No. 6:20 (all NB).

In AfO 8 22 v 13 read [K]I.BAL-tu-i-nu, i.e.,nabalkattuSunu.

qabaru see qebEru.

qabassiu see qabaltiu.

qabassu see qabaltu.

*qabatu see abdtu A discussion section.

qaba'u see qab A and v.

qabbiru

qabbatu see qappatu.

qabbitu s.; (a prophetess); Mari*; cf.qabi v.

1 SAL qa-ba-[t]um a Da[gan] ... kamiqbem ARM 10 80:6.

Moran, Biblica 50 53; Renger, ZA 59 218ff.

qabba'u s.; (an official); OB; cf. qabu v.ga.ab.dug 4 .dug 4 = qa-ba-u Izi V 127; [l]ii.

KA. du g 4 . rdug 4 = [qa-ab-ba-u] Nabnitu IV 70.

ana sdbim u nuhatimmim .. . a u[pt] az=zaru... r Sa LU qd-abl-ba-HUv- ana ekallimubbalam u <ana> sabim u nuhatimmim §aihalliqu pi'atam ekallam ippalu for anytavern-keeper or cookshop operator whogoes into hiding (and) whom (afterwards)the q. brings to the palace, and for anytavern-keeper or cookshop operator whoruns away, they are responsible to thepalace Studies Landsberger 212:38; 1 rakbamu LU qd-ab-ba-a[m] attard[am] kimaissanquni[kk]unus[im] altapiram §a LUqd-ab-ba-u u[ka]llamu ana rakbim . . .pi[qdama] I have sent a rakbu and a q.,as soon as they have reached you, handover to the rakbu the slaves whom the q.will point out (and let him bring themto Babylon) LIH 89:14 and 17, cf. La qd-ab-ba-u-u[m] kiam ipura[m] ibid. 5;ana gibut ekallim ajitim balum SANGA.ME§DI.KUD.ME § .TUL.ME § A.TAM.ME § ribbitim gudapsi u LU qd-ab-ba-HI-i bit PNtepti[a] for what palace business did youopen the House-of-the-Daughter-of-Sulgiwithout (the authorization of) the chiefadministrators, the judges, the herd over-seers, the temple administrators, the eribbti's, the gudapsu priests, and the q.-s?LIH 83:32, cf. (in same context) [LU] qd-ab-ba-HU-u ibid. 14 (both letters of Abi-eguh).

Goetze, Studies Landsberger 215.

qabbiru s.; (person associated withfunerary rites); lex.*; cf. qebru.

bar. u.gal = §v, a.bi.gal = §u, qa-ab-bi-ru(preceded by idippu) Lu IV 48ff., cf. a.bi.gal,

H.dINANNA OB Proto-Lu 253f., see MSL 12 70.

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qabbu

qabbu s.; (a container); NA.*qa-ab-hu UD.KA.BAR (preceded by Odhu) Prac-

tical Vocabulary Assur 452.

1 qa-ab-hu URUDU Postgate Palace Archive155 iii 11 (see photograph ibid. pl. 91a).

qibianu s.; speaker of a particular ut-terance; OA(?), NA; cf. qab v.

§umma qa-bi-a-nu a abutu annituiqbdkkanuni turammdfuni (you swear)that you will not let the speaker go freewho said such words to you (incitingrebellion) Wiseman Treaties 347.

Formed like nddindnu, mdhirdnu, etc.,qdbidnu identifies the speaker of the ut-terance just cited. It is uncertain whetherthe OA personal name A-Sir-qd-bi4-a-maTuM 1 4a:5 and 6 is to be interpreted asA§§ur-qdbidn-ma (so Hirsch Untersuchungenp. 9), or as A ur-qabiam-ma O-AAAur-It-Has-Been-Said-to-Me.

**qabi (AHw. 886b) In Iraq 15 153 ND3474:11f. the copy is inaccurate (textunavailable for collation); an adverb suchas ~upi or the like is expected.

qabitu in la qabitu s.; not to be spoken;SB*; cf. qabu v.

li dug 4 .dug 4 .ga nu.me.a im.ri.a.9e mu.un.ub.ba : §a la qd-bi-tum el ahi inaddi wholays malign charges against (his) brother LambertBWL 119:9f.

nulldtu = la qa-bi-td LTBA 2 2:408 and dupl. 3vi 4; nullatu, magritu, tal-li-tum = la qa-bi-[tum]An IX 103ff.; INIM.NU.GAR.RA // la qa-b[i-td //]nulldtu Surpu p. 51:44.

la natutu epu§ la alimtu inapzja i akinla qa(var. qa) -bi-ta ulanni I did improperthings, untoward words were in mymouth, I repeated what was not to be saidJNES 15 142:54, cf. [la n]atuta epul la lalimtu aqbi [la qa-bi-t]a uAanni la alimtuina pija iSlakin KAR 39 r. 23, see Lambert,JNES 33 280:126; note (Sa) ana anna ullaiqb ana ulla anna iqb who said "no"

qablitufor "yes," said "yes" for "no" Surpu II 6,with comm.: md ana qa-bi-ti la qa-bi-tuiqtabi [md ana l]a qa-b[i-ti] qa-bi-tu iqtabiAurpu p. 51:41f.

qlbitu s.; one who commands; NA*;cf. qab v.

andku .i qa-bi-tu epissu I (Ihtar) am shewho commands, she who acts LangdonTammuz pl. 2 ii 18 (oracles).

qabla adv.; in the middle; OA, OB;cf. qablu A.

1 GUD a warka 1 GUD a qd-ab-la alpikilallen lutukma examine both oxen, anox for the rear and an ox for the middle(of the team) RA 30 99:7 (OB let.); mannumi-qd-db-ld-ma lishuri BIN 4 47:13 (OA).

qablnu adv.; in the midst; OAkk.*;cf. qablu A.

AM in qabx(DA)-Id-ni Tibar §aduimiuma uamqissu he personally killed an

aurochs in the inmost region of the Tibarmountain (and made a statue of it) RA8 200 i 10 (Naram-Sin), see Sollberger, RA 64 173.

Formation parallel to elenu(m), Sapld=nu(m), etc.

qablitu s.; 1. middle part, inner part,2. middle watch of the night, 3. intervalbetween the second and the fifth stringsof a harp, 4. (a container), 5. (a garment),6. (an object), 7. (uncert. mng.); from OA,OB on; stat. const. qabliat (OB), qablet(Mari), qablit, pl. qablidtu, qabldtu; wr.syll. and MURUB 4 with phon. comple-ments; cf. qablu A.

[en].nu.un.[murub 4] = [q]d-ab-[li]-tum Pro-to-Izi I Bil. iv 21; en.nun.murub 4.ba = qab-li-tum (between bardritu and Saturru) AntagalC 34, also (in same context) Igituh short version119, Igituh I 419, Lu Excerpt II 89; ab.sin.murub 4 .ba = qd-ab-l[i-tum] Kagal F 80.

1. middle part, inner part - a) of thebody: iltu qa-ab-li-ti-[u adi Sa]pli5 ul

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qablTtu

iba4Si from his middle on down therewas nothing (left of the child's body)ARM 6 43:14.

b) of parts of the body: summaumatumina qd-ab-li-a-at qdti4u a [imittim/uSmelim GAR] if there is a mole in the middleof his right/left hand YOS 10 54 r. 4f. (OBphysiogn.); ana idi a MURUB 4 -ti GD.DA-ma(that means) that (his lips) are long to-ward the direction of the middle (?) (ex-planation of Japat sibdri 6akin) KrausTexte 12c iii 9.

c) of the exta: 6umma kak imittim inaqd-[ab-l] i-a-at martim gakinma if the right"weapon-mark" is situated in the middleof the gall bladder YOS 10 46 i 4, also ibid.i 16, ii 4, 7, (with qablitu in the apod., see mng. 2)ibid. i 29, also ina qd-ab-li-a-at amutimibid. ii 50, cf. Summa TI.BI fumelim inaqd-ab-li-at martim akimma RA 27 142:29and 36; umma Ag (= gepum) q[a] -ab-li-[fatmartim kadat YOS 10 44:22; gumma ubdnum ina qd-ab-li-ti-i-u ekmet if the"finger" (of the liver) is stunted in its(!)middle YOS 10 33 iii 52, cf. ana qd-ab-li-atubdnim ibid. v 6; summa ina MURUB4 -atnaplastim . . . kakkum Sakinma if there isa "weapon-mark" in the middle (parallel:reSu and idu) of the naplastu YOS 1015:1, 7, also 15, §umma ina MURUB4 -atnaplasti imittim gilum nadi RA 44 43 (=pl. 3):4, 14, 20f., parallel, wr. qd-ab-li-atYOS 10 17:50, 54, and 69; 6umma (naplastum)ina qd-ab-li-a-ti-Sa iptur (parallel: iissa)RA 44 42 (= pl. 2):40; Summa zI . . . inaqd-ab-li-ti-Sa adi i4di a siqat if the ribis narrow from its middle to its bottomYOS 10 45:56 f., also ibid. 71 and 73, 31 f., Summazi appaSa u iissa tisbutma qd-ab-li-<a>-tu-a beta if the tip and the base of therib are attached, but its middle parts areapart ibid. 59 (all OB ext.); Summa ulldnu<GAB> qab-li-ti patir if from the first the.... of the middle part is split(?) CT 28 45r. 2; Summa MURUB4-tum idissa uSMur ifthe bottom of the middle part is loose (?)(parallel: eiztu) PRT 21 r. 15, also r. 10, 20

qablTtu

r. 8, cf. ibid. 12 r. 14, 16 r. 16ff., 26 r. 14, KnudtzonGebete 116 r. 20; MURUB 4.ME sarratu biretuniphdti the middle parts signify lies, thecentral areas, inconclusive (omens) CT20 44 i 52 (all SB ext.).

d) of oil and incense used in divina-tion: Summa KU ... imitta u u §umeualimma qd-ab-la-tu-[S]u hepd if the right

and the left of the incense is intact, butit* middle part is broken up Or. NS 32383:8 (OB incense omens); ana qd-ab-li-a-atJamnim me ina nadika when you pourwater into the middle of the oil CT 56:59f.; Summa igtu qd-ab-li-a-at ummatimJulmum ipturamma if a bubble separatesfrom the center part of the oil mass ibid.57, cf. ibid. 56, and passim in this text; ummaina qd-ab-li-at Samnim tatturu 2 YOS 1057:5f. (all OB oil omens).

e) of topographical entities, etc.: Sum=ma ina MURUB 4 niri kakkabum sdmumakin<<ma> ina MURUB4-at dlim igtum

innappah if there is a red star in themiddle of the "yoke," a fire will be kindledin the middle of the city (between inaahiat dlim and ina libbi dlim) YOS 1042 iv 33f. (OB ext.); ardnum qa-ab-le-etmdtim u Han kaluu alrdnumma pahirthe middle part of the country is thereand in that very place all the Haneansare gathered ARM 1 37:34; x land §aqd-ab-li-a-at [...] YOS 8 91:2; ana buzzzu' im ina qd-ab-li-[a] -at gagim tattad:nanni you have exposed me to pressurein the midst of the gag Kraus AbB 1138:26; ina qa-ab-le-et bilim (in brokencontext) ARM 6 27:10; summa DINGIRGAL ina qab-la-ti-id [. .. ] (parallel: inatdmartiu, ina la mind[tiu]) K.2123 ii 9'(Jupiter omens); see also (referring to afurrow) Kagal F 80, in lex. section; qd-ab-li-tum(text -DAM) ana e'im i rSAG1ana gamnim inneppeS the center part (ofthe field) should be worked for barley,and the upper part for oil Kienast Kisurra178:40.

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qablitu

f) of a chariot: GI§.GIGIR ii ina qa-ab-li-ti-§u iSebir this chariot (that theking gave me) broke in the middle ARM 566:10.

g) of a journey: assurri alpum 2u inaqa-ab-le-et girrim ihd4 I am afraid this oxwill become sick in the middle of the jour-ney ARM 14 5:15, also ibid. 6:21, cf. RA 66128:21 (Mari let.).

h) of the zone in which the moonmoves: 3 KAS GIN-ma MURUB4 -tu (themoon) moves three beru and (reaches)the middle (i.e., nodal) zone JCS 21 201:1,and passim in this text; 2,24 MURUB 4 -tiqaqqar kiqari 2,24 (from the) middlezone is the area of the change (of dif-ferences) (referring to the latitude of themoon) Neugebauer ACT 200 i 20, cf. libbua MURUB 4 -tu takaklad until you reach

the middle zone ibid. 21, cf. [kii]rMURUB 4 ibid. 33.

2. middle watch of the night: ina qa-ab-li-tim a minim [idbu] bamma he talkedto me in the middle watch of the nightARM 10 91 r. 5; ina qd-ab-li-tim nakramtasakkip you will overthrow the enemy inthe middle watch YOS 10 46 i 32 (OB ext.);[ina] qab-li-ti 6itta4u uqatti during themiddle watch he ended his sleep Gilg. Viii 8; this dream a ina bardrti qab-li-tiSdt ur[ri ibbabla] which was brought tome during the evening watch, the middlewatch, or the morning watch Dream-book340 K.8583:12, also ibid. 5, for other refs.see bardritu usage b; if a ghost ina EN.NUN.MURUB 4.BA itanassi keeps cryingout during the middle watch CT 38 26:37(SB Alu); if fire breaks out in a houseina EN.NUN.MURUB 4.BA KAR 212 iii 47;if his illness keeps attacking him inaEN.NUN.MURUB 4.BA Labat TDP 160:32, cf.ibid. 104 iii 24, ina UD.7.KAM adi EN.NUN.MURUB 4.BA ibid. 166:98; two shootingstars ina EN.NUN.MURUB 4.BA ... iarruflashed in the middle watch ThompsonRep. 202 r. 2; namtalli qd-ab-li-tim eclipse

qablituduring the middle watch YOS 10 17:50,RA 44 43:6, also KAR 366 r. 3, wr. MURUB4 -tiACh Sin 3:18; ina EN.NUN.MURUB 4 Sinattald iMtakan the moon underwent aneclipse during the middle watch ABL137:7 (NB), cf. (the sun) [attald] ina EN.NU.UN.MURUB 4.BA GAR-an KUB 4 64:10ff.,cf. also ACh Sin 25:19, 54, 71, Labat Calendrier§ 72:1; Sin ... ina MURUB 4(text i-Sa)-ti. . . attald la i4akkanu will the moon notundergo an eclipse during the middlewatch? AfO 11 361:12 (tamitu); if Jupiterina EN.NUN.MURUB 4 .BA . . . nibtam iddi(see nibtu) ACh Supp. 2 IMtar 57:8; EN.NUN.AN.USAN MURUB 4 -te NU §E theevening and the middle watch are un-favorable KAR 177 iii 38 (hemer.).

3. interval between the second and thefifth strings of a harp: 6umma sammimilart[umma] qd-ab-li-ta-am <la zakitam>talpu[t] if the harp is (tuned in) theiartu mode, and you play the unclearqablitu interval Iraq 30 230 right col. 14, seeKiummel, Or. NS 39 256; [irdtu] a MURUB 4 -te - irtu songs (to be played) in the qablitutuning KAR 158 viii 51; SA MURUB 4-tUStudies Landsberger 266:5 and 19, cf. SA titurMURUB4-tum ibid. 6 (MB), wr. kab-li-te(in Hurrian texts) Ugaritica 5 463 RS 15.30+:5and 473 RS 19.164c:8.

4. (a container, OA only): qd-db-li-tdm $i(or si) -ra-am u itquram ... bilamsend me a q., a .... , and a ladle CcT4 19b:14, also ibid. 7; bitka u qd-db-li-a-ti-kaJaqqurma your house and your q.-s arewell guarded KTS 3c:18; 2 MA.NA anaigr[i] qd-db-li-a-ti-kd ... addin I paidtwo minas as rent for your q.-s TCL 20107:13, cf. ibid. 25; qd-db-li-tdm uhhuztam... qd-db-li-tdm ,iani redeem the q.,the mounted q. (taken as pledge) Jan-kowska KTK 19:27 and 31 (= Golenischeff20), cf. (in broken context) TCL 19 49:32; alabilu qd-db-li-a-tum Sa kaspim BIN 4

90:9, also qd-db-li-a-tum a werim ibid. 11;mu-ri-i qd-db-li-tim mammana ula ibli

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qablituthere was nobody who would bring the q.I 502:24, cited Matou, ArOr 42 171 s.v. qablitum,for other occs. with ari see ari A mng.lb-2'; 4 qd-db-li-a-ftum] a 1 MA.NA.TA3 a i MA.NA.TA 2 a 10 GIN.TA [i7teni] 9four q.-s (weighing?) one mina each, three(weighing) one-half mina each, two tenshekels each, all together nine TuM 116f:1, cf. 2 qd-db-li-a-tum §a I MA.NA.TAunpub. OA text cited Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade197 n. 316; one millstone u 6 qd-db-li-a-timu 2 zamaldtim KTS 47c:18; qd-db-li-tdm... liddinakkuSima ana bit ubrini dinlet him give you a q., and give it to ourguest house Hecker Giessen 44:19; lu tuppiU... lu tahsisdtum Sa atta tukalluni lu qd-db-li-a-tum lu -um-[x-x] CCT 2 17b:7.

5. (a garment): 1 qd-ab-li-tu fa Sipdtimone q. made of wool VAS 9 221:5 (OB);1 TOG MURUB4-tum (in list of garmentsfor gods) Cyr. 241:4, 10, 18; 1-en TUGMURUB 4-t[um ... ] YOS 1 37:18 (NB ku-durru).

6. (an object): 1 qd-ab-li-it irti oneq. for the breast CT 48 41 r. 3, cf. 2 qa-ab-la-tum a irtim UCP 10 110 No. 35:10;3 GfN fxl qd-ab-li-a-tum three shekels forx q.-s (expense account) CT 45 21:17; 1 qd-ab-li-tu[m] (in list of household objects)PBS 8/2 191:5; fPN kar-ba-sd hapiat qd-ab-li-it-sd §ebret (see karpatu mng. lb) CT48 49:3; [x oGI] ni-ru a qd-ab-li-tumBE 6/2 137:19 (all OB); URUDU.ME§ ... aimassini GI§ qab-li-ti ina paniu ...attaharSuma ABL 867 r. 8 (NA).

7. (uncert. mng.): if between partnersone wants to sell his share and the otherwants to buy (it) qd-ab-li(var. -NE)-it§anim umalla he may match any out-sider's offer Goetze LE § 38 A iii 24, B iii 9,cf. as for the ox I mentioned to you, Irented a field but eqlum eli ahija kabitKA-ab-li-it ganim lumalli the field isbeyond my capacity (to work), let mematch the outsider's offer (for it) CT 299b:12 (OB).

qablu AAd mng. 3: Kimmel, Or. NS 39 252ff.; Giter-

bock, RA 64 45 ff. Ad mng. 4: Garelli, RA 58 127f.

qabliu see qabl~.

qablu A s.; 1. middle, center, middlepart, 2. hips, loins, waist, 3. trunk (ofa date palm), 4. belt, 5. nid qabli (amode of tuning); from OAkk. on; wr. syll.and MURUB 4 ; cf. qabaltiu, qabaltu, qabla,qabldnu, qablitu, qable.

mu-ru MURUB 4 = qab-lum S b II 86, cf. AIII/3:216; mu-ur MURUB 4 = qab-lum Ea III 174;ib fB = qab-lum Sb II 157; i-ib iB = qab-lu Idu I101; ur UR = qab-lum A VII/2:133; Aa-ab §AB =qab-lu, qa-ab-la-ta-an Diri V 73a-74.

kuA.murub 4.e.sir = qd-ab-lu Hh. XI 129;kuA.murub 4 .[nig] = [qa-bal MIN (= kalbati)],ku .murub 4 .h [ar.nig] = [MIN si-mirMIN] ibid.212f.; [udu.i]b.gig = d qab-lu (var. qa-ba-[al-Si]) mah-ha (error for marqu) Hh. XIII 42.

murub 4.me.ka gub.ba.mu.[de] : ina qi-bal tdhazi ina uzuz[zija] when I stand in the midstof battle SBH p. 105 No. 56:25f.; for another bil.ref. see mng. 1 f.

gidim.hul ib.bi mu.un.na.te : etemmulemnu ana qab-li-su itehi the evil spirit approachedhis hips CT 17 9 viii 9f., also 4R 29 No. 2:9f.;for other bil. refs. with ib see mngs. Ic, 2a.

Aab.kur.ra.kex(KID) gui f.ba.ni.in.[d] :ina qa-bal ad aSassi I shout in the midst of themountains ASKT p. 127:43f.

i-ib-bu, ha-an-,a-ti, sa-gu-u = qab-[lum] MalkuVIII 150ff.; in qd-bal = is-t[u um] Malku III 90.

MURUB 4 // qab-l[u...] AChAdad 15:6 (comm.);6i-ib-bu // qab-lu AO 3555 r. 25 (comm. on AVIII/2 :245).

u 4.da = ina qd-bal NBGT I 319; u4 .ta =i-na qd-bal NBGT II 26, IX 281.

1. middle, center, middle part - a) oflocalities, cities, buildings, groups ofpeople - 1' of localities (mountain, sea,river): travel expenses i4tu qd-db-liaduim ... adi GN from the midst of the

mountain as far as GN CCT 6 40b:1 (OA);GN a MURUB 4 KUR KaSijari GN, whichlies in the middle of the Kaiiari moun-tains AKA 135 iii 16 (Tigl. I), cf. GN a qa-bal adi AfO 20 90:38 (Senn.); kz Sa anaBdbili iterba MURUB 4 a mdtdti iktabas(see kabdsu mng. 2a) ABL 588:12 (NB let.),cf. Jumma attunu ... ki MURUB 4 (var.

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qablu A

qa-bal) mdti a4bdka[nuni] Wiseman Treaties181; the king knows ki GN ina MURUB 4mat Akkadi i that Ur is in the middleof Babylonia ABL 1241:18, see DietrichAramaer 200:20; GN §a ina MURUB 4 GN 2Rost Tigl. III p. 32:184; nakru [ina] MURUB 4mdtika ndra iherri the enemy will dig acanal in the middle of your country CT30 20 Rm. 273+ :22 (SB ext.); GN §a MURUB 4Puratte Sapirata which lies in the middleof the Euphrates AfO 18 351:41 (Tigl. I),also (with ali) Scheil Tn. II 66, also ibid. 68f.,AKA 350 iii 16 (Asn.); if water ina MURUB 4ndri ittanahhis always recedes in themiddle of the river CT 39 16:47, cf. ibid. 49and 20:135 (SB Alu); ana mini ki elippe inaMURUB 4 ndre naddki why are you adriftin the middle of a river like a boat? BA 2634:1 (NA lit.); ndhira ... ina qa-bal tdmtilu aduk (see ndhiru mng. 1) AfO 18 344:25(Tigl. I); tdhaza dannu ina MURUB 4 tdmdilu epu8 I fought a heavy battle in themiddle of the sea 3R 8 ii 77, ina elippetiarkab adi MURUB 4 tdmdi allik riding inboats I went to the middle of the seaWO 1 464:33 (both Shalm. III); GN 6a MURUB 4tdmti AKA 373 iii 87 (Asn.), cf. Borger Esarh.86 § 57:7; §ar Dilmun a mdlak 30 ber inaMURUB 4 tdmti . .. narbau litkunuma theking of Dilmun whose lair is situated ata distance of thirty beru in the middleof the sea Lyon Sar. 14:35, also ibid. 28, andpassim in Sar.; ina MURUB 4 tdmti ruqi faraway in the middle of the sea (they heardof my deeds) Winckler Sar. pl. 35:148; matJatnana MURUB 4 tdmti Borger Esarh. 60 v 72;d6ib MURUB 4 tdmti (RN) who lives in themiddle of the sea Streck Asb. 16 ii 50; arrdni §a ahi tdmti MURUB 4 tdmti u ndbalikings from the seashore, from the middleof the sea, and from the mainland ibid.8 i 69; Jamnaja a MURUB 4 tdmti ... kimanini abdrma I caught the lonians fromthe middle of the sea like fish WincklerSar. pi. 57:15, Lyon Sar. 4:21, and passim inSar.; ana ruqte qa-bal (var. MURUB 4) tdmtiinnabit he fled far away to the middle ofthe sea OIP 2 29 ii 40, cf. ibid. 71:35, 35 iii 65

qablu A(Senn.), Borger Esarh. 48 ii 72, cf. also qab-lita-an-ti (in broken context) Iraq 25 76(pl. 13) No. 69:12 (NA let.); qab-lu-uu tdmatuni-su-[. . .] AfO 19 56:42 (SB prayer).

2' of cities: [ia] ... ina qa-bal dlii4taknuni (a building) which was situatedin the middle of the city AOB 1 42 No. 3:18(AAAur-uballit I); ina MURUB 4 aliu u ezzizI had (my royal stela) erected in themiddle of his city WO 1 470:45 (Shalm.III); DINGIR.IMIN.BI a MURUB 4 dli Fran-kena Takultu 124:117; §umma eru itgurutuina MURUB 4 dli izzaqpuma CT 39 33:46,for other refs. see zaqdpu A mng. 5a;MURUB 4 dli illammi TCL 6 4 r. 11; Summauppu ina MURUB 4 dli putti CT 39 32:25,CT 38 7:10 (all SB Alu); bZtu eplu . . . Saqa-bal dli plot with house inside the cityKAJ 174:3, E 1 ANEE ina MURUB 4 dliADD 425:10; ekal MURUB 4 dli ADD 953 i 16;fPN akinti a URU MURUB 4 URU ADD232:7, also ADD 242:7, and passim; kZ 'irkuana ma $artu a qab-lu dli iddeck if theSirku's are summoned for service insidethe city BIN 1 169:21 (NB let.); rent for ahouse ina ckri Sippar u MURUB 4 cdi Nbn.234:9, also 201:1; a field Sa ina Uruk inaMURUB 4 dli TCL 12 32:6; kaspu ana uttatiu sulupp~ ina MURUB 4 dli idinma YOS 369:17 (all NB); MURUB 4 dli a Ninua (thepalace) in the center of Nineveh OIP 2128:36 (Senn.), chained with a dog uan$irgu KA.GAL MURUB 4 Ninua Streck Asb.66 viii 13, cf. ibid. 80 ix 109, see also abullumng. lb; note in OAkk.: qdb-li AgadeSumer 32 72 iii 3.

3' of buildings: RN ina qa-bal ekalli4uqdti lu ikSussu I captured RNin the centerof his palace KAH 2 83:12, cf. ina MURUB 4ekalliu uSerissu ibid. 84:57 (both Adn. II);(a stela) ina MURUB 4 ekalliu uSazziz Ierected in the center of his palace AKA288 i 98 (Asn.), cf. Summa zarzqu ina qa-balekalli Sip[ra] ana epde AfO 17 288:111(MA harem edicts); Summa amelu ina MURUB 4bztiu burta ipte if a man opens a well inthe middle of his house KAR 407 ii 10 (Alu

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catalog); if fungus appears ina MURUB 4bzt ameli CT 38 19:19; Summa parakkuina MURUB 4 bit ameli ,akin CT 40 3:54;ina lumun eri a . . . ana MURUB 4 bitijaimquta in case of evil portended by asnake which fell into the middle of myhouse KAR 388:5, also 6 (all SB Alu); inaMURUB 4 biti ... tetemmir you bury (thefigurines) in the center of the house KAR298:20, also ibid. r. 12, cf. r. 27, ina MURUB 4tarbai ibid. r. 5; [. . .] ina MURUB 4 Etuettaq you pass [the censer] along inthe center of the house Ebeling Parfuimrez.pl. 10:4 (NA rit.); qa-bal biti (in descriptionof a plot) AfO 20 121 VAT 8923:1 (MA);Summa me tarbai ana MURUB 4 tarbaiilkun if he directs the water in a corralto the middle of the corral CT 38 13:99.

4' of other localities: ina MURUB 4ugdrimma ABL 910 r. 6 (NA), cf. ina qa-balmna[hati] Gilg. VI 77; ina MURUB 4 karaSSia (in broken context) Rost Tigl. IIIp. 80:24; ina MURUB 4 SUqi CT38 18 K.4076:3.

5' of groups of people: Sa ina MURUB 4ummdniu ihliq (RN) who perished in themidst of his troops TCL 6 3 r. 28, cf. inaMURUB 4 nakrikunu Wiseman Treaties 614;if a snake ana MURUB 4 puhri imqut fallsinto the middle of an assembly CT 3833:14, cf. ana MURUB 4 muti u aMati imqutibid. 13, KAR 386:27f. (both SB Alu); [. . .] Sazikaru u sin[ni4 ina MURUB 4 tuaakmas=sunute (quote from a rit.) ABL 12 r. 4 (NA).

b) of the sky, of constellations: Summaaquldlu itu ame ina MURUB 4 ame§uqallul (see aquldlu mng. 1) CT 39 32:24(SB Alu); kakkab Marduk .. . ina MURUB 4ame OUB-ma Neberu when the star of

Marduk stands in the middle of the sky(it is called) Neberu Thompson Rep. 94 r. 1;if a star flashes from west to east andina MURUB 4 Same irbi sets in the middleof the sky K.8280:13, and passim; ummaSin ina IGI.LA-i MURUB 4 am8 ikfud AChSin 3:16; Summa Adad ina MURUB4 MUL iSl& rigimu iddi if it thunders in the middle

qablu Aof the Jaw of the Bull (i.e., the Hyades)ABL 1426 r. 1, cf. Thompson Rep. 254:5, 7, inaMURUB 4 ame ACh Adad 19:52, and passim inACh Adad 12-15; if Jupiter [ana M]URUB 4MUL.GIR.TAB iktalad reaches the middleof Scorpius (between the head and thetail of Scorpius) BM 46236:20; Summa bibbuina MURUB 4 MUL.MUL izziz if a planetstands in the middle of the Pleiades(preceded by ina §A MUL.MUL) LBAT1554 r. 5, dupl. ZA 52 250:83, also 244:40;MURUB 4 MUL.KU 6 Hunger Uruk 95:8, cf. ibid.2, 10; Summa bibbu ina MURUB 4 tTh sarii-r[u-ub] if a planet sets(?) in the middleof the direction in which the wind blowsThompson Rep. 235:11, cf. UL.UDU.IDIM inaMURUB 4 ZI IM TU [.. .] K.6134:6, alsoK.6449:11, etc.

c) of the body and parts of the body -1' of the body: ithema belu qab-lu-u§Tidwati ibarri the lord (Marduk) ap-proached to inspect Tiamat's interiorEn. el. IV 65.

2' of parts of the human body: Summaamelu MURUB 4 muhhiu u SAG.KI.ME9-4ZTAG.TAG-U if the middle of a man's skulland his forehead are affected AMT 54,2r. 1 (subscript), cf. Labat TDP 18:13, KAR 22r. 14; KI.TA muhhi u u MURUB 4 muhhi utapalMaSma you salve the base and themiddle of his skull AMT 103 ii 22, also AMT104 iii 37; Summa amelu MURUB 4 qaqqadiuuzaqqassu if the middle of a man's headhurts him CT 23 50 r. 5; fumma Adrat[MU]RUB 4 qaqqadiu qurrudat if the hairof the middle of his head is thinningKraus Texte 3b iii 20; if a mole OfJB //MURUB 4 qaqqadi akin lies on the left,variant: in the middle of the head ibid.36 i 3, cf. ina zitti MURUB 4 KA on thedividing line in the middle of the noseibid. ii 3, cf. also ibid 12b iii 12; if a molelies ina qd-ba-al qdti awilim YOS 10 55r. 4f., cf. MURUB 4 qdtila a aumeli LabatTDP 212:8; SIG SAL.LA SAL.MU.GI inaMURUB 4 KA-'id taSakkan Kiichler Beitr. pl. 11iii 48, 9 ii 53; MURUB 4 naglab&eu uhammassu

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(if) the middle of his shoulders giveshim burning pains AMT 45,6:9.

3' of parts of the animal body: iwru§a MURUB 4 gulgulliu pequma a bird thecenter of whose skull is white CT 4049:29 (SB Alu); a black goat ib.gaba.bi[.. .] x.e : 8d qab-la [.. .]-hu CT 179:23f.

d) of parts of the exta - 1' in the dual:umma martum . . qd-ab-la-a-a nasha

if the middle of the gall bladder is "tornout" YOS 10 31 v 22, vi 19, of. ibid. iii 2, 51,iv 20; Summa naplastum qd-ab-la-a paStaibid. 17:65; [kak] imittim ... [q]d-ab-la-upalla ibid. 46 iii 56 (all OB); umma MURUB 4manzdzi pasta PRT 16 r. 14, KAR 423 i 48,and passim.

2' in the sing.: umma martum inaqd-ab-li-a tarkat if the gall bladder isdark in the middle YOS 10 31 xii 42, cf. ibid.v 32, xii 15, xiii 23 (OB); umma martu inaMURUB 4 -d eliS daklat if the gall bladderis severed in its center part above TCL 62:22; Summa MURUB 4 marti Sara maliCT 30 15 K.3841:20; fumma ulmu inaMURUB 4 marti akin KAR 423 ii 50; Summaina MURUB 4 marti DI-hu nadima TCL 6 2r. 1, cf. TCL 6 4:3, CT 30 36 K.10435:13, andpassim in SB ext.; ina MURUB4 mazzdzimYOS 10 63:13 (OB); Summa ina MURUB 4manzdzi kakku iprik Boissier DA 17 iv 32,see Boissier Choix 210 n. 538; Summa MURUB 4manzdzi patir CT 20 44 i 63, umma inaMURUB 4 fumel manzdzi kakku akinmaCT 31 19:17, and passim in SB ext.; [ummadandn]u ina qd-ab-li-6upali6 if the dandnuis pierced through its center RA 38 81r. 5, also (said of the tallu) YOS 10 42 iii 27 (bothOB); Summa MURUB 4 dandni kabis KAR423 ii 30; Summa MURUB 4 paddni kabisibid. 5, Summa MURUB 4 paddni pait CT20 11 K.6724:24, and passim referring to pa:dcnu; Bumma ubdnum ina qd-ab-li-i-6aharrat YOS 10 33 ii 55, also iii 6 (OB); Summaina MURUB 4 nri pu Salaknat if there isa "foot-mark" in the middle of the "yoke"

qablu AKAR 454 r. 10, cf. KAR 151:19, 23, 28, CT 28 49K.3760r. 3ff.; §ummaamutu... inaMURUB 4-6d martu 6aknat CT 30 9:12 (all SB); [umma... i]-tu(?) MURUB 4 ruqqi Sepu itbemaRA 44 16:5; umma ina MURUB 4 qerbiMI+IB.HI nadi if there is a .... in themiddle of the intestines RA 65 74:66ff. (bothOB); Summa ina MURUB 4 haf a imitti,Siu nadi if there is a hole in the middleof the right lung KAR 151 r. 16; Summaina MURUB 4 Eer imitti ubdni kakku akinmaif there is a "weapon-mark" in the middleof the right "back" of the "finger" (ofthe lung) CT 31 20 r. 15, also BRM 4 12:42, CT31 16:13, VAB 4 268 ii 29 (Nbn.); note inaMURUB 4-iii KAR (= ekim) (with explana-tion) KAR ekemu e[teru ... ] ina meSliuetir kzma iq[bu] CT 31 44 r.(!) i 10 (all SB).

e) of objects: GI§.KAK.ME me inaMURUB 4- lu amhassi (see mahdqu mng.lf-1) Gilg. XI 63; ana qab-li a eriqqiAfO 20 94:98 (Senn.); if there is a hole inaMURUB 4 eri in the middle of a bed CT40 20:21 (SB Alu); ittamir KA SUHU§ UMURUB 4 hurJ a tuhhaza (see ittamir)TCL 6 49:8 (rit.), cf. (a rhyton?) inaMURUB 4-6U KUt.GI habit HSS 14 105:25(= RA 36 155), cf. ibid. 31; 1 kill puquttiqd-ba-al-u [.. .] PBS 13 80:10 (MB inv.);1 maninnu ... a MURUB 4-SU uq ni adihurd a uhhuz (see maninnu) EA 19:81,also EA 22 ii 7, EA 25 i 40, and passim saidof precious objects in these two texts; you tie14 knots (in the string) NA4.AD.BAR inaMURUB 4 tarakkas you tie a basalt beadin the middle Kocher BAM 237 i 23, cf.UD.SAR ina MURUB 4 talakkak ibid. 194 iv 1.

f) of time spans, events: mu.e.nemurub 4.bi.ta a.RU mu murub 4 .bi.t[a ... ] : MU ina qab-li-6d i-ma-qut inaMURUB 4 M[U ... ] the year will .... inits middle, in the middle of the year[. . .] K.2241:21 and 23 (bil. astrol.); muahluimu mueirid anqullu ana ergeti qab-luime (see anqullu usage a) Lambert BWL136: 178 (hymn to Bama); ina MURUB 4 umiat midday ACh Gamas 19:5, Adad 6:8, 23:3;

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qablu Aina qa-bal mii attalamma I sat downin the middle of the night EA 29:85 and57 (let. of TuAratta); I lit torches for youina qa-bal muiti in the middle of thenight AfO 14 142:41 (bit msiri); they didbattle ina qa-bal miii Ugaritica 5 20 r. 6(let.); [in]a qd-ba-al erieim [an]a GN [t]al=lakanim will you (pl.) come to Babylonin the middle of seeding time? LIH 105:17,see Frankena, AbB 2 78, cf. ina qd-ba-alSE.KIN.KUD TIM 2 152:32 (both OB letters);i-qd-db-li harrdnim ula iqabbi he mustnot say (as follows) during the businesstrip COT 1 loa:5, cf. i-qd-ba-al harrdnimTCL 21 265:6 (both OA); I destroyed themina MURUB 4 girrimma during the cam-paign Rost Tigl. III p. 30:172; ina MURUB 4tidukimma in the midst of the fight RostTigl. III p. 12:65, cf. Grayson Chronicles No. 21:5,I captured them alive ina MURUB 4 tam=hdri in the midst of battle OIP 2 32 iii 5,46 vi 18, and passim in Senn., also Streck Asb.74 ix 21, 88 x 90, etc., cf. nice RN ultuMURUB 4 tamhdri innabtunimma thepeople of Tammaritu fled from the midstof battle AfO 8 198:30 (Asb.).

g) other occ.: (uncert.) Jumma lamnumqd-ab-li-u id-ku(text -lu) -u-ma CT 5 6:71(OB), see Pettinato Olwahrsagung 2 24.

2. hips, loins, waist- a) of humanbeings or gods - 1' in gen.: see Diri V,in lex. section; mur 7 .g ti.ti ib h&t.gal sa.sal lu.bi.kex(KID) u.me.ni.U r. i r : bidi pdndi qab-li 6apula 5aalli 5aameli Sudtu muSe'ma rub the shoulders,chest, hips, groin, (and) back of that manAfO 23 43 Section IV 9f. (fire inc.); Enkidufell into the pit made by the bull of heavenadi qab-li-§u up to his waist Gilg. VI130; k[uriz(?)] ana qa-ab-li-tu-nu li[kunu]ARM 1 28:32; [q]d-ab-li-§a itezih ikarrabshe girded her loins to speak the blessingLambert-Millard Atra-hasis 62 I 286; qulmd inaMURUB 4 -6i tasannip you bind an axe tohis hips LKA 120:10 (namburbi); (stones) inaMURUB 4 -u tarakkas you tie to her hipsRA 18 164:4 (rit.), AMT 62,3:20, and passim;

qablu Aina MURUB 4.ME§.MU Sipdtuunu raksaaround my hips their (the sheep's) woolis tied KAR 236 r. 17, see Biggs gaziga p. 30;you make 14 knots in the cord SAL inaMURUB 4 -d GAR-an and the woman putsit on her hips RA 18 22 ii 13; if the new-born babies MURUB 4 -Zi-nu la ibad haveno waists Leichty Izbu II 43, cf. (Siamesetwins) ina MURUB 4 -u-nu i tenma ibid. 31;7 pa-an-ti-ia 7 qd-ab-li-la HS 1879:15(courtesy W. von Soden); lerrum Si [ina q]a-ab-li-§u nakisma (the body of) that babywas severed at the waist ARM 6 43:9;edlu lippeti MURUB 4-d let her locked hipsbe opened (in childbirth) Kocher BAM248 ii 50; iabat MURUB 4 GI §(?).KUN(?)gi Sa inabat er'dni (the disease) seizedthe hips, the loins, the thigh, it seized thearteries Studies Landsberger 285:3 (MA inc.),cf. isbat. . . qab-la rapatu u aSalli KocherBAM 124 iv 19, also STT 136 iv 12, CT 23 11:38and parallel 4:17, wr. MURUB 4 .ME STT 273i 6, cf. itbat qa-ab-li i [.. .] KBo 1 18 i 5(inc.); emid ardata MURUB 4 -Sd iddi (thedemon) came close to the girl andstruck(?) her hips AfO 17 358:12; ib.mugig. ga : qab-la-a-a marsa my hips areaching (in broken context) KAR 375 iv51 f.; he must not cross an irrigated field,or murug MURUB 4 GAL-A an illness ofthe loins will befall him Iraq 21 50:35,also 52:40 (hemer.); qa-ab-la-Su is-si-qi his(the messenger's) hips became ....ARM 1 21:8; in transferred mng.: qa-bal-Su imqussuma (for hattu imqussuma?) lib=ba4u qabitma itarrura iddu his hips"fell," his heart was seized (by fear), hislegs trembled Borger Esarh. 102 II i 2.

2' in med.: 6umma amelu MURUB 4.ME -ui ikkalau if a man's hips hurt himJNES 33 336:1, 337:30 (med. comm.), also LabatTDP 106 iii 36ff., AMT 43,6:1, 52,6:6, ammdtuu MURUB 4- iU u SepS U iSteniSikkaluu his forearms, his waist, and hisfeet all hurt him Labat TDP 88:17; MURUB 4.ME§-i GIG his hips are ailing AMT 63,1:4;Summa muru MURUB 4 maruma if he

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suffers from a disease of the loins LabatTDP 162:54, cf. MURUB 4.ME§-? . . . TAG.GA.ME -ti AMT 60,1 ii 22; 6umma marqu... MURUB 4 - 6u ul ia[hhizta Labat Suse11 v 7; Summa . .. MURUB 4.ME -i IL.MELabat TDP 124 iii 25; itu uppi ahiu adiMURUB 4- Ui from his clavicle to his waistibid. 88:14, cf. iS[tu qaq] qadiu adi MURUB 4 -§i ibid. 28:86ff.; ana Ser'an MURUB 4 lubbuki (see labdku mng. 2b) AMT 69,8:15,cf. ibid. 11; medications for MURUB 4.ME§at(ate STT 92 iii 28, also MURUB 4 .MEGIG.ME§ ibid. 29ff.

3' qabla rakdsu to gird, to equip:ina huan qatnu MURUB 4.ME -i rakis heis girt with a narrow belt UVB 15 40 r. 4,also 5 and 7 (NB rit.); kc a arru EN-idMURUB 4 .ME S-i irakkasuma when theking, my lord, girds himself LandsbergerBrief 8:15 (NB); UD.22.KAM qa-ab-li ir-rak-ka-sa on the 22nd day (the king) willbe girt ABL 379:14 (NA); for idiomaticuse see rakdsu, for rikis qabli "equipment,outfit" see riksu, note the writing ri-kisqab-ri Nbn. 344:17.

4' qablapatfru to loosen one's clothing,to undress: S2 iptur MURUB 4 -5i ... ihtarma TTG [.. .] Gilg. X iv 9; 2-z ina libbitatti qab-li fa Marduk ip-pa-ta-ra twicea year Marduk's garments are removedABL 951 r. 2 (NA); for idiomatic use seepatdru.

5' clothing for the hips: misarrum anaqd-ab-li-ia hami4 ubdndtim arik the girdlefor my waist is five fingers too long TCL17 62:27 (OB let.), cf. miserru ana MURUB 4 -Su BMS 53:17, also STT 251:11; X GADA.§A.GA.DtT Sa qd-ab-li-Ju YOS 5 222:8 (OB);ittabal 6ibbu aban alddi a MURUB 4 .ME § -adhe took away the girdle of birth stonesfrom her hips CT 15 46:54, cf. ibid. 55 and 47r. 41 (SB Descent of Itar); NA 4.GUG.ME§ ma&dMURUB 4 .ME§-a-a my hips are full ofcarnelians KAR 71 r. 19; ilram a-qd-db-li-a Sdmamma buy a belt for my hipsVAT 9237:13 (OA); Sakuttam(?) ana qd-db-

qablu Ali-kd nal'unikkum they bring you jewelryfor your hips HUCA 39 32 L 29-573 case 10(OA); 1 IB.LA Sa qa-ab-li ultebil (seenebehu A) Ugaritica 5 48:16; saga MURUB 4 -Ju irakkusu they .will tie a sagu clotharound his hips AfO 17 288:107 (MA haremedicts).

b) of animals: Summa izbu 2-ma... inaMURUB 4 -1i DIB.DIB if there are two mal-formed animals and they are joined at thehips Leichty Izbu VI 16; MURUB 4-Su. qatin(var. MURUB 4 .ME -ui qatnu) (if a sheep's)hips are narrow CT 31 30:4, CT 28 14K.9166:4 (behavior of sacrificial lamb), var. fromCT 30 48 K.8044:4; if the king ana pans2sz lu ana MURUB 4 8 s2 lu ana EGIR 8s8simqut falls under the front of the horseor the middle of the horse or the rearof the horse CT 40 35:18 (SB Alu); 1 UDUqdb-la-su marama itbuhu they slaugh-tered one sheep whose loins were diseasedMAD 1 178:3 (OAkk.).

c) of figurines: the heart of a sheepina MURUB 4 §a almi ta4akkan you puton the hip of the figurine ZA 45 42:9(NA rit.); miser eri ina MURUB4-Sd-nu(figurines) with copper belts at theirwaists KAR 298:30, and passim in this text,cf. (with egeru) ibid. 27, etc.; ina qa-ab-l[i-Si-na] migru a uqni kuri (figurines of ducks)with .... of blue glass on their middlesAfO 18 304 ii 30 (MA inv.); [ina e]ri giim=mari qab-li-ii-nu [raks]u their hips aregirt with date palm fronds RAcc. 133:209;iWtu MURUB 4 -d adi kantappila ka[lbat](see kantappu) MIO 1 74:16 (SB).

3. trunk (of a date palm): Summagizimmaru ina MURUB 4 -d tardti naddt ifa date palm has base fronds on its trunkCT 41 16:7, also 8 (SB Alu).

4. belt: kunukkulu PN ina (GA qd-db-li-Ju ipturma iddinam PN took his sealfrom his belt and gave it to me CCT 59b:27; ina qd-db-l[i-Su] lirkusma let himtie in his belt (two minas of silver, etc.)

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KTS 10:35 (both OA); patr... a MURUB 4.ME§-id-nu ekim I took away the swordsfrom their belts OIP 2 46 vi 15 (Senn.), cf.patar parzilli MURUB 4-SU MVAG 21 82 r. 3(Kedorlaomer text); patar parzilli a ultuMURUB 4-1ii i88uhu the iron dagger whichhe had drawn from his belt TCL 12 117:6,also 3; 6 patra a qab-lu ibid. 114:4 (bothNB); MURUB 4 hurAfi Sa PN LUO.ID ADD806 r. 13, cf. (in broken context) ADD 868:1,897:13, MURUB 4 URUDU ADD 868:5.

5. nid qabli (a mode of tuning): seenidu mng. 7.

Ad mng. 2a-3': Oppenheim, Or. NS 14 239ff.;Landsberger Brief n. 145.

qablu A in Aa qabli s.; (a piece of ap-parel covering the hips or to wear aroundthe waist); wr. syll. and §a MURUB 4;RS, MA, NB.

TUiG ~d MURUB 4 Practical Vocabulary Assur277.

a) made of cloth: 1 TUG 9d qab-lu ki1 kaspu one §a qabli garment worth one(shekel of) silver BBSt. No. 7 i 24 (NB);1 TjG a MURUB 4 ... ultebil MRS 12 7:8;ToG Sd qab-lu TCL 9 117:9, cf. 1-en Sdqab-lu ibid. 11 (NB), TUG Sd MURUB 4Nbk. 183:7, Camb. 321:13, AfO 17 274:43 (MAharem edicts).

b) made of precious metal: 2 tapalSa qdb-li Kt.GI MRS 6 183 RS 16.146+ :8.

qablu B s. masc. and fem.; 1. battle,warfare, 2. catastrophe, quarrel; fromOB on; pl. qabl and qabldtu; wr. syll.and MURUB 4 (§EN.§EN LIH 60 i b 17,Hammurapi, (MiA ) §EN.§EN CH xliii 93,xliv 2); cf. muqtablu, qubbulu B.

§[e-e]n SEN = qd-ab-lum MSL 2 133 vii 58(Proto-Ea), cf. Ae-en §EN = qa-ab-lu(text -ru)Ea II 319; [Ae]-en EN = qab-lum S b I 227; [e-en] SEN = qab-lu, aSmu S' Voc. AF 3; [ e]n.[ien] = [qd-a]b-lu-[um], [e]n.en.sag.gi 4 .a= [qd-ab-lum J]a ma-h[a-ri] Proto-Izi I Bil. Sec-tion D i 29f.; Aen.Aen.sag.gi 4 .a = qab-lu lama4-ri Antagal VIII 21; [...] = [qa-b]al la ma-har, [...] = [qab-l]u d la im-mah-ha-rd Nabnitu

qablu BK 28f.; ki. en.en = [a-Sar qa]-ab-li, [a-tart]a-fhal-zi Kagal C 163f.

gu-a-na MA.SIG7 +KASKAL = qab-lum Sb II 287;qab-lum MA+KASKAL = [qab-lum] A VIII/4:80;[sa-bad] [aAxsIG7] = MIN (= [qab-lu]) A IV/4: 176;sa-ad GAxU, MIN (= sa-ad) GAXBAD, sa-bad GAxSIG7= qab-lum Ea IV 265ff.; u-la GAxu = qab-lumEa IV 241.

AMA.dINANNA a.da. mnmen.na [gig].bi.zaAu(text su).tag.ga.ginx(oIM) gen.gen.na us.s a.ab : ilat toemti kma melultu pass8 rede qab-lugoddess of discord, let the battle proceed like agame played with pawns RA 12 74:7f.; [dim.me.i]r mah.a m6 gen.gen.na ti.na ba.gu[b.ba] :[...] x ili a ina qab-lim u ta-ha-zidapni iz[zazzu] [.. .] of the gods who aggressivelytakes a stand in warfare BA 10/1 98 No. 19:6f.;[.. . mu.l]u me gen.Aen.na gig.tukul mu.un.sig.sig nir.gA[1] : [. .. ] ir-td a ina qab-limu ta-ha-zi tam-hu-u$ kak-ku e-te[l-let] K.8482:12f.(courtesy W. G. Lambert); [.. .].a gen.Aen.na gaba.nu.ru.gui : [ina ta-ha]-zi qa-bal-iiezziS ul im-mah-har his attack in war, being fierce,cannot be withstood BA 10/1 43 No. 25:11f.;dGIA.BAR hug.a Sen.ien.na mu.[...] : dGirruezzu ia qa-bal-Su x [...] 4R 24 No. 1:54f.;[me.]en. en.na [ma.r]a.an.sum : §EN.AENu Mi iddikkum (Itar) gave you battle and combatLIH 60 i 17 (= CT 21 40, Hammurapi); [dMu.ul].lil mB en.Sen.ta mu.un.na.da.K[. . .] :ana dMIN ina qab-li u ta-ha-zi me e ma da fxl[...] SBH p. 108 No. 56:39f., cf. ki me Sen.Aen.na : afar qab-li u ta-ha-zi 4R 12 r. 39f.;ki.a en. en.na ba.an.ak.a.a.ni : ana eretiqab-lu pulu (parallel: ana game tdhazi ilCu) StudiesAlbright 344:10; Aen.Aen.[na ... ] : qab-la id-fkal-[a] OECT 6 pl. 25 Rm. 2,151:2f.

gagan.men ab.Sab.ba gih f.ba.ni.in.[de] : beleku ina qab-lu alassima I am the Lady, Iam giving the battle cry ASKT p. 127:41f.

[d-dA-mu] = qd-ab-lum An VIII 27; ld-d-mu =qab-lu (between synonyms for tdhazu and faltu)Malku III 5; ap-luh-tum = qab-lum CT 18 10 iii 50;dir-dir-ru, id-dS-mu, a-na-an-tu, tu-qu-un-tu, te-lu-u, d4-ga-gu, d-gu-gu, sah-mal-tu, ip-pi-ru,a-dam-mu-u, tam-ha-ru, ka--u-Ju, a-li-tu, gd-ga-d-ti, te-gu-u, dab-du-u, a-nun-td, mit-hu-$u, ta-ha-zu= qab-lu LTBA 2 1 iv 40-58, dupl. 2:106-124.

1. battle, warfare - a) in gen. - 1' inhist.: ana uzzi MURUB4 -ia iA.hutuma ana

epzija iknuu fearing the fierceness ofmy battle, they submitted to me WeidnerTn. 3 No. 1 iii 9; RN Sa la agr2u ig-ra-an-ni ana qab-li RN, against whom I didnot start hostilities, started a fight with

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qablu Bme Bauer Asb. 2 87:28, restoration from Borger,AfO 17 346, cf. [hitt]u iht(ma ig-ra-an-niana [epei qab-li Lie Sar. 19, also mmitildni rabzti etiqma ana MURUB 4 U MAig-ra-ni KAH 2 84:50 (Adn. II); a matimaina larrdni kullat ndkiri la ishuru la i ndiqa-bal-4i mamman (I) whose battle noneamong all the enemy kings ever soughta second time Borger Esarh. 103:27; (As-surnasirpal) edu gapu Sa la idsannanuMURUB 4 -§U the strong tide whoseonslaught cannot be rivaled AKA 223:15;6arru . . . sdpinu qa-bal targigi the kingwho overwhelms the attack of the evil-doers AKA 52 iii 34 (Tigl. I); RN... arrudannu le ' MURUB 4 Weidner Tn. 14 No. 6:16,21 No. 12:24, cf. KAH 2 84:16 (Adn. II), AKA183 r. 2, 265 i 34, 385:130 (all Asn.); uAumgalqa-ab-li AOB 1 134:6 (Shalm. I); qd-ab-lumlibtari ina mdtiJu may battle be constantin his country RA 33 52 iii 20 (Jahdunlim).

2' in lit. - a' in gen.: anna mithurumf=ma §a qarrddi urram qd-ab-lam Ak-ka-deutarra now is the meeting of the warriorsface to face, tomorrow Akkad will resumethe battle RA 45 172:18 (OB), cf. (in fragm.context) qab-la VAS 12 193:3, 6, 19 (tartamehri) ; qd-ab-lum ir5ea ana bdbija thatbattle has come right up to my gateLambert-Millard Atra-hasis 48 I 110, also 46:81,83; qd-ab-lum ina libb[i] mdtim [...]fighting will [flare up] in the country YOS10 11 ii 1 (OB ext.), cf. [...]-lu qd-ab-liAallassu ileqqe ibid. 35:2; kullat dadmiqd-ab-la-ka im-ru-ur-ma (see mardru B)CT 15 4 ii 6 (OB lit.); irammum qd-ab-lumthe battle resounds RA 46 94:13 (OB Epicof Zu), cf. qab-lu-um-ma aj inih ukun litkaibid. 36 r. i 8 and 38 r. i 31 (SB recension),dupl. STT 21:105 and 127; Itar belet teiede-ka-su ana MURUB 4 LKA 63 r. 7 (MA lit.),cf. ibid. obv. 10, RA 46 28:3, parallel RA 46 90:54(OB Epic of Zu), also Streck Asb. 14 ii 25, allcited dekl mng. 2b-2'; ina tb qa-ab-li atthe onslaught of the battle AfO 7 281 r. 5(Tn.-Epic); Adad ddpinu aj ine' qa-bal-kaheroic Adad, your onslaught shall not turn

qablu Bback CT 15 39 ii 35, cf. (said of Sara) ibid.40 iii 9; muttabbilu sibittam qd-ab-li (Nin-girsu) who leads the seven battles at onceRA 46 90:38 and 40 (OB Epic of Zu), cf. ibid.30:30, cf. also muttabbila qab-la anunteRA 51108:14 (SB recension); Sarru ztanaddaruqa-bal-k[a] the kings fear your battleTn.-Epic "ii" 11, cf. ibid. "iii" 19; tattakpimdtam qd-ba-al-iu his battle .... theland BiOr 30 361:35 (OB lit.), cf. qa-bal-kaau-ru-mat gimir mdtitdn K.3887:16, citedLambert, BiOr 30 363; adi zuharrdtu endjaMURUB 4 -ka it-<ta>-na-ta-la §agalta uttduntil my .... eyes view your battle (and)find carnage (only) Tn.-Epic "iv" 18; i-sar-raq(?, text -rum) Enlil qa-ab-la-at ajdbiEnlil disperses (?) the enemy's attack ibid."ii" 26, cf. ukin eliunu namungat MURUB 4ibid. 28; qa-bal-ka e taddi do not evadebattle ibid. "iii" 31; kdpid ana qa-ab-liplanning battle ibid. "iv" 21, cf. uarriMURUB 4 ibid. "ii" 33, cf. LKA 62:5, etc., citedkapddu mng. la-l', cf. epu qab-lam BiOr28 14ii 14; haSthda akii d lamiiu qab-lu the dis-tressed, the weak, surrounded by battleSTT 70:4, see Lambert, RA 53 132, cf. lamqab-lu ana miutu 6ilukuma those who wereexposed to death in the midst of battle(pronounced your name) JRAS Cent. Supp.pl. 3 r. 1 (SB); a ina q[ab]-lu la [zJmtituimdt ina 6ipfi he who did not die in battlewill die from pestilence Cagni Erra IV 76;kima qab-li eli n[i4e ib]d'u [.. .] Gilg. XI110, cf. [kima qd-ab-l]i eli nif ibd' ka~iuthe might (of the flood) swept over thepeople like an attack Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 94 III iii 12, parallel 124 U r. 19; liblidGI§.BAR linuh qab-lum may the fire diedown, may the battle abate CT 2311:33, cf.qd-ab-la-tim ubelli I put an end to warsCH xl 32; iJdtumma i dtu [i]Sdt me h iSdtqab-li fire, fire, the fire of the storm, thefire of the battle (came out from the depthof the forest) AfO 23 40:6, 41:19, parallel LKU59:8; ina teS qa-bal (var. MURUB 4) mit[i]in mortal combat Lambert BWL 136:185(hymn to Samas); Marduk Qingu gaSrutkaaz-zak-ru(-)[...] mi-ri-i qa-bal MU-ka

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qablu Bni-ba-a ul [. . .] 0 Marduk, your strengthis Qingu, which I named(?) [...], ..... thebattle(?) of your name [has] no one toname(?) (it) (uncert.) K. 2523 r. 6 and 8.

b' referring to gods: Itar muAarrihatMURUB 4.ME§-te Ihtar, who proudly doesbattle AKA 29 i 14 (Tigl. I), cf. §a melulaqab-lum Craig ABRT 1 55 i 4; DN... §akakkau la immahharu qa-bal-u dannuZababa, whose weapon cannot be with-stood, whose battle is mighty VAB 4 186iii 87 (Nbk.), cf. RA 11 113 ii 18 (Nbn.); MUL.KAK.SI.SA ... mu~dlil qab-li (vars. qab-rim, MURUB 4) (see aldlu B mng. 2a)STT 215 i 65, vars. from KAR 76:14, KAR 88fragm. 3 obv.(!) i 10; for other refs. seemahdru mngs. 3a-1 ', 13c.

b) beside tdhazu-1' in hist: Janinaina MURUB 4 U mahira ina M la ildkuI (the king) do not have an equal in battleor a rival in combat AKA 34 i 57, cf.(ia) muniha ina MURUB 4 anina ina MEla ia AKA 63 iv 48 (both Tigl. I); the kinga . . . ina qab-li u ta-ha-zi la emuru

munihhu who met none in war andbattle who could subdue him Lyon Sar.2:8, 21:19, and passim in Sar.; ulammiduinniepeS MURUB 4 U ME dikt ananti theytaught me to wage war and battle, to setthe fighting in motion Streck Asb. 210:13;ana epi~ MURUB 4 U ta-ha-zi (var. ME) luizzizunimma in order to wage war andbattle they took their stand against meAKA 76 v 85 (Tigl. I), cf. Weidner Tn. 12 No.5:39; ana epeS MURUB 4 u ta-ha-zi ikunapaniu he started to make war and dobattle 1R 29 i 44 (8amSi-Adad V); pithallu4umduiti ana epeS MURUB 4 U ME ana irtijaidkld WO 1 460:67, cf. ana epe MURUB 4u ME ana irtija itbini WO 1 466:63, WO 2414 iii 1, and passim in Shalm. III, also 1R 31iv 40 ( famti-Adad V), Lie Sar. 53, Winckler Sar.pl. 31 No. 65:25, AKA 303 ii 25, 351 iii 17,356 iii 35 (all Asn.); [. . .] x epeS MURUB 4 UMf ddiqu ibbalkituni [my troops?]climbed over the siege wall to do battleBorger Esarh. 104 ii 8, cf. (in broken context)

qablu BADD 650:21 (AgAur-etel-ilani), see Postgate RoyalGrants No. 13; IStar was favorably inclinedtoward me epeS MURUB 4 U Mt libbalaub-la-ma and she was keen on wagingwar AKA 267 i 38 (Asn.); ema MURUB 4 UMf.ME afar uoammaru Qumrdt [lib]bijalu u-<Sd>-ak-Si-da-ni wherever in battleor war I strive (for victory), may he(Ninurta) help me to attain my heart'sdesire AKA 211:26 (Asn.), cf. kak MURUB 4u ME mulld qdtulSu entrust him withweapons of warfare LKA 31 r. 17, see AfO13 211:39; ina MURUB 4 U ta-ha-zi Aalmilittarruni may they guide me safely inbattle and in war AKA 103 viii 29 (Tigl. I);ina qab-lu u ta-ha-zi iddja itashurma kullatndkirija lumz kulbdbi4 in war and battletake your stand at my side so that I maysquash all my enemies like ants(addressing IStar) Borger Esarh. 76:19;[MUR]UB 4 U ME tufarrdnnima you havestarted war and battle against me ibid.104 i 32; ina aS me MURUB 4 U ta-ha-zudi'u 6ibi lipit Irra mitdni (may the godslisten to your prayer) in battle, attack,and combat, during (epidemics of)di'udisease, plague, and pestilence, the afflic-tion of Irra Unger Bel-harran-beli-ussur 27;em qa-ab-li u ta-ha-zi kakkiu luebbiruin every battle and fight may they (thegods) break his weapons Weidner Tn. 29No. 16:139, and see 4R 12, in lex. section;note afar MfE U EN.§EN kakkaSu lilbirmay she (Itar) shatter his weapons on thefield of battle and fight CH xliv 2; Itar... ina MURUB 4 U ME id du aj illik mayIMtar not help him in war and battleCT 36 7 ii 27 (Kurigalzu I), cf. Nabonidusa . . . Nergal .. . ina qd-ab-lu u ta-ha-zi

il-li-ki id du VAB 4 234 i 21 (Nbn.); emaqa-ab-li u ta-ha-zi lu re~i tukultija Mardukattama you, Marduk, be my support inevery battle and war VAB 4 84 No. 5 ii 23(Nbk.); balu qab-li u ta-ha-zi uleribaS qerebGN aliu (Marduk) let him enter his cityof Babylon without a battle or attack5R 35:17 (Cyr.); note beside kakku andtdhazu: GI§.TUKUL MURUB 4 (var. qab-la)

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qablu B

u Mi (var. ta-ha-za) ittija lu ipuSu theymade war, battle, and assault against meAKA 50 iii 21 (Tigl. I), cf. GI§.TUKUL MURUB 4u Mi itti dbe ... a RN ippuS PRT 128r. 7, Knudtzon Gebete 68 r. 13, 153 r. 9; anaepeS GI§.TUKUL.ME§ MURUB 4 U ta-ha-zi(var. ME) AKA 53 iii 49, cf. 67 iv 86 (Tigl. I),Knudtzon Gebete 4:5, 48:8, 70 r. 8, lu ina epeGIA.TUKUL MURUB 4 U ME Knudtzon Gebete1:7, 12:8, 17:5, 150 r. 10, PRT 1:8, 10:6, etc.,see also kakku mng. 2b, cf. ana epeSMURUB 4 GI§.TUKUL.ME U MA StreckAsb.8 i 79, also 168 r. 25.

2' in lit. and omens: anumma tisiatuqumtam ta-ha-za i niblula qd-ab-la-amnow call for arms, let us mingle in warand battle Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 46 I 62;1tal--ha-zi amirma qab-lu(var. -lum) kul=lum he (Enkidu) is used to battle andexperienced in (the art of) warfare Gilg.III i 8; melili qab-lu me[lili] ME LambertLove Lyrics 104:16; nakru ina ME MURUB 4(var. Mf t eri) igerr[dnni] CT 28 46K.8100:15, var. from ibid. 48:3, cf. (in brokencontext) ana MURUB 4 U Mi DU CT 30 20Rm. 570 r. ii 2 (both SB ext.); adi garrutiSuME u qab-lum ul ipparrasu during hisreign battle and war will not cease BiOr28 14 iv 7; ina fami qab-li ME dannu ualdk [,eri ... ] in war, strife, mightybattle, and campaigning JAOS 88 127 ii b 24.

c) beside other terms for battle: qa-ab-lu u ippiru isinnani fighting andstruggle are our festivals Tn.-Epic "ii" 4,cf. (in broken context) qab-li u tu-q[u-un-ti] Lambert BWL 184 K.8199:2.

d) qualifying a preceding noun - 1'alone: Nun.nir = MIN (= dNin-urta) Saqab-li CT 25 11:28, cf. Ne r g al = Marduk§a qab-lu CT 24 50 BM 47406:4; IStar beletMURUB 4 epiat ananti Craig ABRT 1 81:17(tamtu), belet qab-li 8urpu VIII 22, betetqab-la-ral-[ti] KAR 38:12, see Or. NS 39 124;Imina urdn MURUB 4 AKA 19:5 (A§tur-rei-iii I); (Itar) gerdt qab-li KAR 57 ii 16;(Adad) EN qab-la-ti Ebeling Handerhebung

qablu B98:23; §aiMar tuqmdtim patar qd-ab-li eidtuqumtim amanden tamhdrim ... dBIL.GI

ezzum a qd-ba-al-u neret the saw of thefights, the dagger of the battles, thereaper in the fight, the amandenu of theclose fighting, 0 fierce Girru whose battleis deadly JRAS Cent. Supp. pl. 8 v 16 and20 (OB lit.).

2' beside synonyms: (IStar) belet Mii SEN. EN lady of warfare CH xliii 93,

cf. (Igtar) betat MURUB 4 U ME WO 1456 i 7 (Shalm. III), also AKA 188 r. 29 (Asn.),also EN (var. belet) MURUB 4 MI WisemanTreaties 453, belet MURUB 4 U ME KAH 284:97 (Adn. II), and passim in Asn., Shalm. III,and Esarh.; (Itar) ilat MURUB 4 U ta-ha-ziBorger Esarh. 75:4, note d I-tar MURUB 4be-lat ta-ha-zi BA 5 651 No. 15:25 (hymn ofAsb.), also Streck Asb. 190:15; (Ninurta) beMURUB 4 U ME WO 2 28 i 4 (Shalm. III),(Nergal) be qab-li u ta-ha-zi BBSt. No. 9ii 4, (Ninazu) be-lum qab-lu u Mf Or.NS 36 118:52 (hymn to Gula); mannummi [belqd]-ab-lim mannum[mi be ta-h]a-zi whowants to go to battle, who wants to leavefor war? Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 50 I 128 f.

e) qualifying a preceding adj.: thehorse na'id qab-li glorious in battleLambert BWL 177:24, cf. 180:13, parallel Gilg.VI 53, cf. (the king) na'id qab-li (var.MURUB 4 ) U ME OIP 2 136:21, var. from 144:7(Senn.); dlik pan iunu mudut qab-li theirleaders, expert in battle TCL 3 175 (Sar.);muddl qab-li §a-d-me ta-ha-zi (king)experienced in all kinds of warfare BorgerEsarh. 103:10, cf. mundah4i epiS MURUB 4u ta-ha-zi ibid. 106 iii 14; §arru le-'u-iMURUB 4 U Mf ibid. 8 § 5:1.

2. catastrophe, quarrel - a) catas-trophe: ana hulluq ni zja qab-la aqbima(how could I have ordered such evil in theassembly of the gods) how could I haveordered (such a) catastrophe (referring tothe flood) to destroy my people? Gilg.XI 121, ittarak mefyh abibu qab-la (emendpossibly to ik-la, cf. line 131, cited kalh v.

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qablu Cmng. 5a) Gilg. XI 129; t&retika uzabi qd-a[b-la] at your decree I set the catas-trophe in motion Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis104 III viii 12.

b) quarrel: ina qab-lu am I heardduring a quarrel (uncert.) CT 22 114:8(NB let.).

For RA 38 31 (= 5R 48 vi) 8, see gerl.

qablu C s.; grove(?); NA; wr. syll.(also with det. GIg) and GI§.MURUB 4.

1 qab-lu GIg arbi[ti] one poplargrove(?) Johns Doomsday Book 2 iii 12, also20:10, cf. (of other trees) ibid. 1 ii 43, 8 viii 4,wr. GIg qab-lu ibid. 5 viii 19; ma$qar qabligrove watchman ibid. 1 ii 39; gug6re dam=qute final GI§.MURUB 4.ME nuramma wewill leave good (quality) logs in the grovesABL 484 r. 10, cf. ina GIS.MURUB 4.ME§ . . .guure ... inakkisu ABL 507 r. 5; kirqab-lu udtu zarpu laqiu this orchard andgrove are bought and taken ADD 444:16;A.SA qab-lu a alldn a grove of oak treesADD 444:6; 1 qab-lu a GN ABL 574:6 andpassim in this text, also ADD 778:7 ff.; kireGI§.MURUB 4.ME§ ADD 751:3; (e-hi qab-liadjacent to a grove ADD 360:4.

Fales Censimenti 19.

qablu (qabliu, fem. qablitu) adj.; 1. mid,middle, median, mean, 2. of mediumquality; from OAkk. on; wr. syll. andMURUB 4 mostly with phon. complement;cf. qablu A.

gig.erin = gi-il-ri-in-nu, gis.erin.gab =qab-lu-u, gil.erin.lub.bi = MIN Hh. VI 108ff.;[bi]-e BI = at-ta fu-a-ti ma-ru-ril MURUB 4 -ic S a

Voc. F 9f.; [sig.bal.bal] = hab-ad-na-a-ti =qa-ba-l[a-ti] Hg. C II 2, in MSL 10 139; [gud.murub 4.ba] = [q]ab-lu-u Hh. XIII 289; umbin.murub 4.mu = i-ba-ni fqd-ab-lil-[tum] Ugumu Bil.Section D 25, in MSL 9 69.

sI DUR // e-lu-u MURUB 4 - AfO 24 79:10, cf.DUn / MURUB 4 -t ibid. 1 (gramm. comm.); ub =ana-ku u-dis-hur-tum ma-li-td MURUB 4 -tui NBGT I85, also, wr. MURUB 4 .TA passim in NBGT I and II.

1. mid, middle, median, mean - a) inspatial descriptions: [Sin u Nergal in]ag=

qablfjaru ergeti qab-li-td Sin and Nergal willguard the middle world Lambert-MillardAtra-hasis 118 r. ii 3 and 10, cf. iqquru erjetuqab-li-t ibid. 120 r. ii 33; gamu MURUB 4-tiNA4 .SAG.GIL.MUD 5a Igigi the middleheaven, of saggilmud stone, is (that) of theIgigu gods KAR 307:31, cf. ibid. 35, wr.MURUB 4-tum AfO 19 110 iv 21, see Landsberger,JCS 21 154; in ndrim qdb-li-tim at the riverin between (I defeated them) AfO 20 63 xxiii16, 67 xxv 56 (RimuS); x land ina ugdrimMURUB 4 (var. qd-ab-li-im) CT 47 58a:5 (OBleg.), var. from ibid. 58:5 (tablet), cf. ina GNugdrim qdb-li-i §a nadit Sama ibid. 62a:2(case), cf. ibid. 8, wr. MURUB 4 ibid. 62:7(tablet); putu MURUB4 -tim the middle side(between putu elitu and putu aplitu, de-scribing a building plot for a palace) oIP2 100:50, also 102:77, putu qab-li-tum §anituibid. 78 (Senn.); ultu bdbi §a PN adi mutzrtiqa-ab-li-i-ti maquartu a PN2 (see mutirtumng. 1) BE 14 129:3, also, wr. qd-[ab]-la-ti PBS 1/2 44:4 (both MB); ultu mu an.nitu qab-li-tum 9aPN from the middle dambelonging to PN TCL 13 223:6 (NB), cf.irritum qa-ab-li-tum (for context see irritumng. 2) ARM 6 1:17 and 24; see also qutdnuA; bdbu qa-ab-li-u u igdra .. . pu§ I builtthe middle gate and the wall AOB 1 98:7(Adn. I); ana maknakim qd-db-lim to theinner sealed room CCT 4 7c: 16 (OA); youbring three tables pauilra MURUB 4 -a ana

ama u A dad the center table for Samagand Adad (followed by the right and lefttables) BBR No. 1-20:103, also 112; anapanriksi MURUB 4 -i BBR No. 26 v 77; ,idduelu iltanu DA alkuttu qab-li-tum VDI 54/4(1955) 164 No. 2:15 (NB); 13 tallum qd-ab-lu-u-um illiakkum 13 will result for youas the middle dividing line MCT 45 B 16,cf. tallam qd-ab-li-a-am ibid. 17 and r. 7,talli qd-ab-lu-u ki magi how long is mymiddle dividing line? MCT 44 B 3; for"middle" oxen, i.e., oxen yoked in themiddle of a team of six, see Hh. XIII 289,in lex. section, and see alpu mng. lb-1';idi GuD.AB MURUB 4 3 9E.GUR ana beliuinaddin he will pay three gur of barley

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qablfito its owner as rent for a middle ox (inthe team) CH § 243:89.

b) referring to the middle finger ortoe: 6umma zuqqipu ubna MURUB 4 SaSep im[itti .. ,] if a scorpion [stings] themiddle toe of his right foot CT 38 37K. 11746:6f., also ibid. K.3070+ :23 and 28 (SBAlu); see also Ugumu, in lex. section.

c) referring to parts of the exta - 1'to the middle lobe of the sheep's lung:umma ubdn taSim qd-ab-li-tum ibbalkitma

if the middle "finger" of the lung is dis-placed YOS 10 5:2; ubdn hagim qd-ab-li-turn idSda lumelam patra ibid. 8:17 and34 (OB ext. report), also RA 38 85:13, ARM5 65:34, wr. §U.SI HAR MURUB 4 JCS 11 98No. 6:11, Finkelstein Mem. Vol. 201:11 (OB), BE14 4:8 (MB), KBo 9 56:6 and 9; Summa ubdnha i MURUB4 imitta u umela 3.TA.AMpatrat if the middle "finger" of the lungis split in three on the right and leftKAR 151 r. 26, also KAR 153 obv.(!) 19ff., andpassim in these texts, also CT 20 45 ii 13; ummaubdn haSi MURUB 4 ii8su uSSur if thebase of the middle "finger" of the lungis loose VAB 4 266 ii 17 (Nbn.), PRT 130:5,138:12; omitting hau: Summa Qer imittiubdni qgr umet ubdni qr ubdni MURUB4patir CT 20 45 ii 8, and passim, see Qeru Amng. lb; ina Qerim qd-ab-li-i a ubdnimon the middle ridge of the "finger" RA38 86 r. 15 (OB ext. prayer), cf. YOS 10 7:4 (OBext. report).

2' other occs.: umma paddnu 3-maMURUB4-4 kuri if there are three "paths"and the middle one is short CT 20 19K.10459 ii 10, 25 K.11826:6, KAR 451:6, alsoTCL 6 5 r. 6; gumma pitir umeli 3-maMURUB 4 -i Qeher if there are three looseparts on the left side and the middle oneis small CT 20 43 i 38, also (with rabi) 39f.;(abullu) anttu ina muhhi EDIN MURUB4

Jaknat KAR 426:6.

d) referring to time: MURUB 4 -timthe middle (extispicy) (between IoI-ti first

qabruand fd-lul-ti third) PRT 4 r. 10; for themiddle watch of the night see qablitu s.

e) referring to grammatical infixes:see Sa Voc., AfO 24, NBGT, in lex. section,cf. nigin murub 4.bi : ushurta qab-<li>-ta (among gramm. terms) ZA 64142:16.

f) mean value: x MURUB 4 -u x, themean (value) Neugebauer ACT p. 486b (astron.procedure texts).

2. of medium quality-a) said of tex-tiles: 1 TUG kutdnam qd-db-li-am anaPN... naS'akkindti CCT 3 31:4, 50 kutdnuqd-db-li--tum CCT 2 46a:8, also CCT 6 45b: 10,TCL 19 69:16, BIN 6 131:4; 2 TfTG qd-db-li-u-tum OIP 27 11:2, also Chantre 10:3, 14r. 3, CCT 2 25:24, AnOr 6 pl. 4 No. 13:10;[ku]tdnu qd-db-li-um BIN 6 64:19 (all OA);see also (referring to wool) Hg. C II 2,in lex. section.

b) other occs.: 12 KA§ qdb-li-umDUG RTC 111:2 (OAkk.); x SIM qd-ab-li-umunpub. OAkk., cited MAD 3 224; 184 mazhuina uttati qab-li-tum 184 measures ofmedium-quality barley BIN 2 124:3, cf. 65maz4<hi> ka-<re>-e qab-lu-u Camb. 441:3;1 qab-lu-u a 5 ina 1 ammati arki one(beam) of medium quality which is fivecubits long VAS 6 148:3 (all NB); see also(said of scales) Hh. VI 109, in lex. section,cf. [.. .] GIE.ERIN.GAB UD.KA.BAR UET 5119:18 (OB).

Ad mng. 2: Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 196f.

qabru s.; grave; OB, SB; wr. syll. andURUGAL(ABXGAL); cf. qeberu.

AB XQALqd-ab-rum (text -lurn), AB XGALer #e-tum Proto-Izi I 386; ABXGAL g al, ABXKI.ki = qa-ab-ru NabnituXXIII 210f.; u-ru-gal ABXGAL = qab-ru S b II 190;[u-ru-gal] [URUxx] = er-ge-tum, qd-ab-rum AVI/4:32f.; 6i-ru-gal ABXE = [q]ab-ru(text -lu), MINABXGAL = [MIN] Ea IV 161f.; [6-ru-gal] [ABXE§],[ABXGAL] = qab-rum(text -lum) A IV/3: 104 f.; [i-ri-gal] FABXGAL1 = [qa-ab-ru] Emesal Voc. II 5;si.gi. ABXGAL = pa-te-e qab-r[i] Antagal VIII 1.ii u = qaq-qa-rum, zi- I qab-rum, bi-tum A

II/4:30 ff.

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qabrudingir.dib.dib.bi.e.ne urugal.la.[ta]

im. t a. 6. a. [m e A] : ilu kamuti itu qab-rim ittainithe captive gods have emerged from the graveCT 17 37: f., cf. ibid. Sm. 291:9f.; ab.urugal.[ta nam. <mu.un.da.ku 4 .ku 4 .d>] : [ina ap]tiqab-rim MIN (= la terrubu) you shall not enter it(the house) through the opening of a grave ASKTp. 92-93:28, see AOAT 1 10:173; gul.gul.[la](var. MI.MI) nim.gir.ginx(GIM) gir.gir.re.e.ne(var. mu.un.gir.gir.re.e.ne) gul.gul.[la](var. MI.MI.ga) A urugal.ta h6.ni.ib.KS.re.e. d e : .a ina ikleti kma birqi ittanabriqu ina ikleti(var. adds ina) qereb qab-rim(var. -li) likluAu letthem shut up in the darkness of the grave (thedemons) who flash through the darkness likelightning CT 17 36:84 ff., restoration and vars. fromdupl. KAR 46:17-20 and ZA 30 189:17-20; dnam.tar udug.gal urugal.la. kur nu.gi 4.gi 4.kex(K9D) : dMIN utukku rabUi a qab-ri erpeti la tdriNamtar, great utukku demon of the grave, theland of no return STT 173:1f.; udug.edin.naudug.hur.sag.gA udug.a.ab.ba udug.urugal.la.ke : utuk Seri utuk adf utuk tdmti utukqab-ri(var. -rim) -utukku demon of the steppe,utukku demon of the mountain, utukku demon ofthe sea, utukku demon of the grave ASKT p. 82-83:3, seeAOAT 1 3:3; urugal.la.s6 ka.a mu.ni.in.rxl.[x] : ina qab-rim(var. -ri) bdbu iptuthey opened the door in the grave UET 6/2392:12, dupl. CT 16 9:9f., Akk. cited with comm.as: ina qab-ri bdbi ipt ma ina erseti bdbi iptetuLKA 82:12; e.ne.da nu.m[e].a lu.urugal.e.de nig.ku n[u.um].pa.da.e.ne : a ina balituana dridu qab-ri la uktall[amu] taklimu (Rama )without whom those who descend into the graveare not given a funerary offering UVB 15 36:13.

[U // u-ba]-nu // v /I qa-ab-ru Hunger Uruk27:12; ni-iq me-e // a-rad qd-ab-[ril Craig AAT90 K.2892:20 (coll. W. G. Lambert); ki-mu-utSIPA pe-te-e qd-ab-<ri> ibid. r. 1.

a) in gen.: balum [qa] -ab-ri-u [inapani p]il4im iqqabbir he will be buriedat the breach without a (proper) graveGoetze LE § 60:36, see Landsberger, David AV102; Suziba napiJti ina dannate efra inaqab-rim(!) (you gods) spare my life fromoppression, save (me) from the grave!PBS 1/2 106:30, see ArOr 17/1 178; Mardukina qab-ri bulluta ile'i $arpdnitu inakarJSS etera amrat Marduk is able torestore life (to one) in the grave, $ar-panitu knows how to save (one) fromannihilation Lambert BWL 58:35 (Ludlul IV);[Sa i]ridu qab-ri atura ana KA.du[TU. ]

qab AI who went down to the grave havereturned to the Gate-of-the-Sunrise ibid.60:78; Nergal Enlil ergeti ina qab-ri lik=Idka STT 215 i 62, restored from unpub. dupl.(courtesy I. L. Finkel); SI.GI URUGAL K.2903+r. 9, with comm. SI.GI URUGAL pe-te-eqab-rim d4-i mutdni ACh IMtar 7:25.

b) in magic: 8a eper .epeja ina qab-ri(var. -rim) ulniZi (the adversaries) whoplaced in a grave dust (on which) myfeet (have stepped) RA 26 40:19, var. fromdupl. KAR 80:30, cf. .almdnija ina qab-rim uSnilu LKA 144:13, parallel KAR 92 r. 27,me napiltija ina qab-rim unnilu Maqlu I108, also ina qab-rim itmiru mia ibid. II184, see Af 21 73.

c) as abode of gods of death and ofdemons: en urugal.kex : bel qab-ri(Nergal) the lord of the grave ArOr 21388:53 and 55; dGIR.UNU.GAL = Nergal aqa-ab-ri CT 24 41:66 (list of gods); (the evildemons) [...]-Sd ana qab-rim(var. -ri)Farber IMtar und Dumuzi 136:164, see also CT17, STT 173, ASKT p. 82-83:3, in lex. section.

d) in the name of a plant: see gabruin imdi gabri.

The several variant spellings qablu(m)in lex. and bil. texts may point to anavoidance of this word, due to some taboo.

qabru see qebru.

qabsidu see qapsidu.

qabsu see qabaltu.

qabf A (qabd'u) s.; 1. speech, state-ment, 2. address (to a god), 3. promise,4. prognosis, prognostication, 5. order,say, permission(?), guarantee; from OBon; wr. syll. and DUG 4.GA; cf. qab v.

inim.dug 4.ga.ni = qa-ba-6u, inim.dug 4.ga.ni in.sum = MIN iddin, inim.dug 4 .ga.ni ba.an.sum = MIN ittadin, inim.dug 4 .ga.ni in.gar= MIN ilkun Ai. III ii 58 ff.

dUtu dug 4.ga gu.la nig nu.kir.ru [...] :dUTU §a rabid qa-bu-d la uttak[ [karu] §ama§, whose

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qabuf Asolemnly (given) order cannot be changed 5R 50ii 19f., see Borger, JCS 21 7:54.

A // i-i Jap-lu- II /d-niS qa-ba-a ti x [...](in an explanation of parts of the name dNa-na-a)BM 62741:13 (comm. to god list, courtesy W. G.Lambert).

1. speech, statement - a) in epic poetryfollowing direct speech: iAmUma anniamqd-ba-la (the gods) heard this speechof hers Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 60 I 244,cf. Gilg. Y. vi 285, EA 357:85 (Nergal and Ere§-kigal), RA 45 90:34 and 41 (OB Epic of Zu),Cagni Erra I 100, also imema Enkidu anndqa-bi-e IItar Gilg. VI 160; note in a non-lit. text: imema larru rabi annd qa-ba-u §a RN MRS 9 49 RS 17.340:15.

b) in other lit.: qulamma Semi qa-ba-a-a Cagni Erra I 106, V 17, cf. LambertBWL 72:26 (Theodicy); [. . .] Nergal anndqa-ba-a-i Nergal [made?] the followingspeech ZA 43 17:58 (SB), cf. imtagar qd-ba-ia Gilg. P. ii 24 (OB); qd-be-e qd-bu-u-um-ma ul eniakkim what I said stands,it does not change for you JCS 15 6 i 3(OB lit.); puhri sun etel qd-bu-u-la uitur(see etellu usage d-1') RA 22 171:1 (OBhymn).

c) in other texts: the assembly ofEanna qa-bu-u a fPN imma heard thedeposition of fPN YOS 6 154:12 (NB); agaqa-bu-u Sa akanna taq-ba-' umma YOS 348:6 (NB let.), qa-bu-um an-nu-um (inobscure context) Kraus, AbB 5 229:17.

2. address (to a god): ana n14 qdtijaqilamma ime qa-ba-a-a listen to myprayer, hear my address! Kocher BAM 332i 10; [an]a epe pi~u qila ana niS qdti uizizza mugra unninnlu imd qa-ba-a-IdOr. NS 36 128:191 (hymn to Gula), cf. iziz=zanimma imd qa-ba-a-a KAR 26:33, BMS12:59, and passim; qa-bu-u NU §E.GA ittiili ana amei akin the god has in storefor the man addressing (the god) butnot being heard KAR 427 r. 20 (SB ext.),cf. DUG4.GA u GIE.TUK Sakin[Su] AMT38,4 ii 14, qa-bu- u la 6e-mu-i iddalpanniBMS 11:3, 27:14; qa-ba-a emd 6ukna jdli

qabf ABMS 22:65, cf. also 6uknamma qa-ba-a umaga[ra] BMS 13:8, cf. Or. NS 39 113:19;for other refs. (also in the nuance ofmng. 5) see magdru mng. 4a and 4b;note the personal name DINGIR-Magir-qd-bu-Sa YOS 13 65:2 (OB).

3. promise: - a) with 6aklnu: anaSu-zu-zi-§u qd-ba-am i.-ku-un he (theguarantor) promised to produce himYOS 12 169:7, also TCL 1 192:5, wr. qd-ba-a-am YOS 13 28:17, cf. x silver a PNu PN2 qd-ba-am iS-ku-nu YOS 12 77:17,also YOS 13 329:5, kaspam Sa allumija qd-ba-a-am talkunu TCL 18 152:21, alsoawilum a qa-ba-am alkunuuum Sumer 1445 No. 21:6 (Harmal let.), cf. YOS 2 51:14 and29; [ana] ab-bu bi-tim aqbima ab-bu <bi>-ti-im qd-ba-am itaknu PBS 7 38:10; note:silver Sa aSum PN PN2 qd-ba-§u iS-ku-nuYOS 12 306:5; in Sum. formulation: dug 4 .ga.ni bi.in.gar PBS 8/1 101 iii 18, andsee Ai., in lex. section; ana 1 GAN eqlimwa4ur[im] belz ana mamman qa-ba-am laiaakkan my lord must not make a prom-ise to anyone to release even one ikuof land ARMT 13 125 r. 9'; the cultivatorsand the canal diggers qa-ba-am i4-ku-nu-nim ummami . . ina qa-b-e--Su-nu. ..t(mam mahar belija aSkunma gave me apromise saying (the work is not much),and upon their promise I informed mylord ARM 3 5:15; see also q bu mng. 2.

b) with naddnu: qd-ba-Su liddinma(in broken context) TIM 2 88:2, cf. inim.dug 4 .[ga.ni ba].an.sum.mu.uS Qig-Kizilyay-Kraus Nippur 16 r. 2, see Kraus, JCS3 140; see also naddnu mng. 2 (qabt).

c) other occs.: qa-bu-u en la naddnuSurpu VIII 71, cf. ibid. III 55, cf. also ibid. 39;DUG 4.GA u eniu akinu AMT 96,3:8, dupl.KAR 42:11, see Farber Iitar und Dumuzi p. 64.

4. prognosis, prognostication (variantof qib2, q.v.): may I learn your (thegods') decision qa-ba-a luSkun that Imay make a prognosis STT 73:116, see JNES19 35; ana nakri qd-ba-a talakkan you

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qabi Amay make a prognostication concerningthe enemy Leichty Izbu XI1, cf. bil mdt nakrituahharma qd-ba-a-am(var. omits -am)ilakkanku ibid. 2, qa-ba-a iakkanu MCT140 V 8 (ext.).

5. order, say, permission(?), guarantee- a) in gen.: 9a pzlca u qa-bi-ka lip[uS]let him act according to your orders ARM1 73:57; damiq inuma qa-be-e tusarraruis it good that you contest my orders?Sumer 14 28 No. 10:23 (OB Harmal let.); ki'majdti qd-be-e as if it were upon my ordersKraus AbB 1 95:9; of gods: ina qa-bi-ka-ma(var. qibitukka) utallada teneketi at yoursay men are born PBS 1/1 17:12, var. fromKAR 68:17, cf. ina qd-be-e Nana JCS 15 3i 15 (OB lit.), §arrum lu ddri ina qd-be-e-kiMIO 12 49:14 (OB lit.), cf. ina qa-bi-e SamaCT 51 195:3 (bit rimki); in personal names:Ina-qd-be-e-DN-ablut I-Got-Well-at-the-Word-of-Nabui YOS 13 456:10; I-na-qd-bi-'a-ab-lu-ut A 32118:15 (OB), cf. TCL 11224:26; Saniq-qd-be-e-dUTU YOS 13 171:7,and passim; of the king: [tup]piannm [in] aqa-bi-e arrim uSSbilakkim I am sendingyou (fem.) this letter of mine at the king'sbehest ARM 10 176:23, cf. ina qd-be-earrim a purakkum ARM 18 25:18, 26:26,

and passim; ina qa-be-e ar mi~ari HinkeKudurru ii 22; note: the king will conquerhis enemies mdssu ina DUG 4.GA-ii uabCT 4 6 Bu. 88-5-12,11 r. 15 (hemer.); mdtu anaqd-be-e SarriJa ullab the land will obeythe orders of its king Leichty Izbu VI 17,cf. mdtu ana qd(var. qa) -be-e Sarria iqdlibid. VIII 92; ana qa-be-e lipu (obscure)Hunger Kolophone 260:2.

b) ana (rarely ina) qabe-1' in letters:bel pdhatim [Sa] ana qa-bi-Su urpam . ..[i] aappaku arhil likSudamma let an officialon whose authorization they can store theice arrive here at once ARM 2 91 r. 8'; amtam

uadti ana qd-be-e awizim PN uei herented out that slave girl upon theorder (?) of the honorable PN TCL 18 102:25;ana qd-b-e mannim PN ina mdnahtibuuSreZu (see mdnahtu mng. 2b-1') TCL

qabi A

1 42:19, cf. ana qd-bi mannim ABIM 14:24,cf. also CT 29 22:12; ina qd-b-e awiimagpurakkum I am writing you at thebehest of the gentleman Kraus AbB 1 42:5,cf. YOS 2 54:6, TCL 7 54:11, TCL 18 103:11,CT 52 161:6; my lord has ordered (iqbima)the distribution of the irregular troopsina qd-bi belija az-zu-Az-zU-nu-1i-im inaccordance with my lord's order I havedistributed them YOS 2 92:15; ina qd-be-e-ia illikam he came at my behestKraus AbB 1 70:8, cf. 6ukutti quhdrtim§4ti ina qa-bi-ia uhammiqu (that) theystripped that woman of her jewelry at myorders (I know nothing about that) ARM 10114:19, ina qa-bi-iu waradka isiru CRRA18 61:18 (Mari let.); amminim ina qa-be-ePN tamkdram ubazzahu why do they pesterthe merchant at PN's say? OBT Tell Rimah165:2; qubdtum §a wardim §a ina qd-be-ebelija uterru VAS 16 66 r. 8.

2' in field leases: itti PN bel eqlima-na qd-bi-e PN2 PN3 tup$ar ERIN ana er:re4itim ... uegi PN3, the .... scribe,rented (a field) from PN, owner of thefield, on the guarantee(?) of PN2 SzlechterTJA 68 UMM H 2:8, also VAS 7 130:9, MeissnerBAP 74:17, CT 2 32:7, also, with ina qd-bi-ePBS 8/2 229:6; [iu~iit PN [ana] qd-bi-e PN[itti] PN PN2 iMakkum u PN3 ana erreitimana biltim . . . ue leased (field) of PN,on PN's guarantee(?), PN2, the tenantfarmer, and PN3 rented from PN for cultiva-tion against rent payment YOS 13 332:2;eqlum mala m[aq] i a-na qd-bi-e PN u PN2itti PN u PN2 PN3 ana biltim ... ueqiSzlechter TJA 61 FM 10:2; (a field of PN's)a-na qd-bi-e PN2 i4Makkim PN3 mu'ir Sdbbdb ekallim PN4 dpir GN u PN2 i66akkum... usii PN3, personnel manager for thepalace, PN4, governor of GN, and PN2, thetenant farmer, rented at the q. of PN2, thetenant farmer YOS 13 330:4.

3' in other leg. and adm.: 5a PN a-naqd-bi-e PN2 eli PN3 u PN4 i3i qdti PN3 u PN4nashatma PN3 and PN4 are quit of respon-sibility for (the x silver) which they owe

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qabi A

to PN with the guarantee(?) of PN2 (PN5will hand over the silver within five daysto the bearer of his (PN's?) tablet) VAS7 138:3; 12 ERIN be'rum a qdt PN §a anaamirtiSunu a-na qd-bi-e PN iebatu twelvemen (belonging to the) elite troops underthe authority of PN, who took possession(of fields) of their choosing upon theauthorization (?) of PN CT 45 52:29; (silver)itti PN abi ,dbim ana qd-bi-e PN2 PN 3 ilqeYOS 13 337:4, cf. ibid. 59:4, 218:5, 225:3, 226:3,Szlechter TJA 42 UMM H 32:4, 41 UMM G 4:4,25 UMM H 12:4, Meissner BAP 4:6, BE 6/1103:4, BE 6/2 116:4, PBS 8/2 238:4, EdzardTell ed-Der 31:2, VAS 7 119:4; PN TUR.[x]DAH PN2 TUR. [x] Uri a-na qd-bi-e PN3 uPN4 bakru PNs UGULA EN.NU HUB.BU PN,the .... , auxiliary (replacement for) PN2,a .... of Ur, under the authority (?) ofPN3 and PN4 , .... (of?) PNs, overseer of thehuppi watch Grant Smith College 271:3, alsoibid. 10; 2 eli[ppdtum] §a PN u PN2 maldha-na qd-bi-e PN3 UKU(?).U PN4 ... [zgur]PN4 rented two boats belonging to PN andPN2, the boatmen, upon the authoriza-tion(?) of PN3, the soldier(?) BE 6/1 110:5;barley and chick peas Sa PN abi ,dbima-na qd-bi-e PN2 DUMU.A.DUB.BA.A anaPN3 EGIR anaUD.10.KAM innadnu of PN's,the official in charge of personnel, weregiven for ten days to PN3, the EGIR, uponthe authorization (?) of PN2, the accountantYOS 13 66:3; (silver) Sa PN abi ~dbim anaqd-bi-e PN2 ana PN3 iddinu which PN, offi-cial in charge of personnel, gave to PN3 onthe authorization(?) of PN2 ibid. 428:4; xland, holdings of PN and PN2, deceasedrakb soldiers a-na qd-bi uRv(?) TCL 11145:4, cf. fields a a-na qd-bi-e KU x x [. . .]PN u ibit dlim illatru ibid. 155:17; (ahouse plot) Sa ... ana PN u PN2 ahiuPN3 i-na qd-bi dajdni iddinu which PN3at the order(?) of the judges gave to PNand PN2, his brother UET 5 252:21, cf.a-na qd-[bi daja]ni u [. . .]-tim ana PN uPN2 PN3 ulkn PN3 confirmed (x land) forPN and PN2 on the orders (?) of the judges (?)and [. . .] ibid. case 17a; PN declared to

qaba BPN2 and the kdru that those tablets werelost ril-[n]a qd-bi-e PN2 u kdr Sippar tup:pam anniam uballituma at the orders (?)of PN2 and the kdru of Sippar they putthis tablet into effect CT 47 63:62; i-naqd-bi-e larrim [ina MU] . . . [itti] PN . . .PN2 ina 6ewir kaspila i4dm PN2 boughtfrom PN (etc.) with her ring money (xfield which their (the sellers') father PNhad received from the palace in year x)with the permission(?) of the king in (thenamed) year BE 6/1 61:10; PN kaparrum§a ana DAH redi innadnu i-na qd-bi-eSarrim ana PN2 u PN3 ana kaparrim tirPN, the shepherd, who was assigned as anauxiliary soldier, was returned to PN2 andPN3 to (serve as) shepherd on orders(?)of the king CT 8 32b:5; itti PN a-na qd-bi-e PN2 rabidnim PN 3 PN4 PN5 PN6 PN7 PN8i-but GN PN9 i4dm PN9 bought (x fallow

land) from PN with the permission(?) ofPN2, the mayor, PN 3, PN4, PN5, PN6, PN7, andPN8 , the elders of GN MAOG 4 291:6, cf.with i-na qd-bi-e (in broken context)TLB 1 141:4.

c) Sa qabe: Sd qd-bi-id = Sd qa-b[i-di]Izbu Comm. W 377k; §a qa-bi dUTU PN IzpuSCT 33 39:13, cf. a qa-bi-e belija lipu(end of letter) ARM 3 11:41, also ibid. 70r. 11'; mamman a qd-be-e-ia ul ipuTLB 4 11:4; Sd qa-bi-e ana Marduk epu(0 lamp) do for Marduk what was orderedKAR 58:3, cf. ilu u 6arru a qa-bi-e-a [lizpu4u] KAR 59 r. 11 and dupls., also PBS 1/117 r. 25.

d) kima qab: 6iirku gabba kimaqa-bi 6arri belija I have prepared every-thing in accordance with my lord's orderEA 144:21, cf. [kzm]a qa-bi-ka EA 193:22,and passim in EA.

Ad mng. 5: Edzard Tell ed-Der p. 68f.; Pom-ponio, AION Supp. 14 (to AION 38/1) p. 31f.

qabf B s.; (a container); OB Elam, NB.5 qa-bu- qadu naruqqiunu five q.-s

including their sacks MDP 23 309:9 (list

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qabiof household utensils); 2 ia qa-bu-e (in brokencontext) Nbn. 558:12 (list of objects).

See also qanduppu.

**qanlijl (AHw. 897a) see qan s. mng. 6b.

qananu

qananu v.; (with qinnu) to make a nest,to nest, to establish a homestead; OB,Mari, SB, NA; I iqnun - iqannan (in SBalso iqannun), II (gramm. only); cf. qaninu A s., qannu adj., qinnu A.

u = qa-na-nu Sd qi[n-nzi, mug.gui.gilim =MIN §d [i-n] (see kandnu) Antagal D 74 f.

mugen.dal.a.bi uru.gA guid h.em.ma.an.us (var. im.ma.an.us.sa) : i~urSunu mup=p[arSu ina dli]-ia qin-na liq-nun Angim IV 23 (=175), restoration and var. from K.9037:2f.

[u]§ // ma-Od-lu / u // qa-na-nu Sm. 683 r. 8(astrol. comm.).

tu-qa-an-na-an 5R 45 K.253 vii 41.

a) birds: igiru a alariu ruqu qin-naiq-nun the heron that lives far away madehis nest (there) OIP 2 115 viii 58, also ibid.125:47 (Senn.), cf. [hahhur]u muttapralidii-qa-an-nun qin-n[a] Lambert BWL 144:21,also hahhuru uSerreb qin-na i-qan-na-anLambert Love Lyrics 122 B 12; U i, ir amemupparu QzruS la ibda'ma ana ububkappi mdre[§u la iq-n]u-n[u] qin-namwhere not even the winged bird can passor build a nest in order to teach his youngones to spread their wings TCL 3 + AfO12 144:98 (Sar.), cf. a dEN ittilu qin-nu i-qa-an-na-[an] a d§U ittiu i- IP-pa-apkappi CT 51 93 r. 13 (SB fable); (Babylon)aar amurSdnu qin-nu qa-a[n-nu] wherethe amurdnu bird has built (its) nestLambert Love Lyrics 118 A 6; difficult: i =,grate a . . . ina birti dli i (?) qi-ni iq-tu-na-ni STT 360 r. 8, see Deller, Or. NS 34466; 6umma surdu ina ekalli qin-na iq-nunif a falcon builds a nest in the palaceCT 39 29 r. 27, also (with other birds) CT 386:177, 7:1, KAR 381 ii 6, 14, CT 51 140:5, CT41 3 Sm. 1133:6, 8:92f. (all SB Alu), also HUCA40-41 88 i 9 (OB bird omens), wr. iU.KI.SEi.GAiq-nun CT 39 23:21, 32:32f., CT 41 3 Sm.1133:12, AfO 16 pl. 11 VAT 13802:8 (all SB Alu);note without qinnu: Summa sinuntu inasippi bit ameli iq-nun CT 41 2 K.6765:8,cf. ibid. 2-7 (SB Alu); Jumma igird ina appanri .KI.si.GA AN.TA-ma (also KI.TA-ma) iq-nun AfO 16 pi. 11 VAT 13802:3f.;[A.AB.BA a]p-pa-ru i-Sir qi-nu MU§EN U§-

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qananu§u (with gloss:) [... a]p-pa-ru im-mi qin-nu ii-Qur-ri i-qa-an-nun-id the sea willbecome marsh, a bird will be able to makea nest there Sm. 683:6ff. (astrol. comm., cour-tesy F. Rochberg-Halton), for comm. see lex. sec-tion.

b) other animals: .e7abu u bl.[u] iq-nu-nu qi-in-nu fox and hyena made lairs(in broken context) Borger Esarh. 107 § 68edge 3; [4umma ziru ina] guAur qin-naiq-nun if a snake makes a nest in thebeams KAR 389b (p. 350) i 9.

c) referring to human habitations: inaGN alar qi-in-nam ta-qa-an-na-nu u bitamteppeu fib ... alrdnum ibma bit awiz'epu8 u qi-in-nam qu-nu-un settle in GNwhere you can establish a homestead andfound a (separate) family, settle there,found a family, establish a homesteadARM 1 18:23 and 29, cf. immatima nippulabzta immatima ni-qan-na-nu(?) qin-nuGilg. X vi 26, restored from CT 46 32:13'; uSirardata qin-na liq-nun Kocher BAM 574 iv 20.

In JCS 12 81:6 restore possibly [du-u]n-nu-nu.qananu see kandnu.

**qandall (AHw. 897a) see kandalu.qanduppu s.; 1. (an insect), 2. (uncert.mng.); MB(?),SB.

1. (an insect): qa-an-dup-pu margutu :il-qi-ti a-la-[ak]-tu (var. dliku) UruannaIII 212, in MSL 8/2 59.

2. (uncert. mng.): TUG lubdr qa-an-dup-pu (beside lubar kiSddi) UVB 15 40r. 9 (rit.); 1 GI§ qd-an-dup-pi (amongagricultural implements) Aro Kleidertexte35 HSS 188:8 (= TuM NF 5 76, MB?); qa-an-dup-pi JNES 33 199:8 (= Bab. 4 109) is prob-ably to be connected with kantappu, seeOppenheim, ibid. 203 n. 14.

qainu A s.; (a nest); syn. list*; cf.qananu.

qa-ni-nu (var. qa-nin), kum5du = qin-nu MalkuI 246 f.

qannu Aqaninu B s.; (part of a chariot); syn.list.*

qarnu = qa-ni-nu (among chariot parts) MalkuII 207.

Possibly a diminutive (qanninnu) ofqarnu/qannu.

qaiitu s.; (mng. unkn.); NA.*Tagmetu tugad ... tuMab ... qa-ni-

is-sa tahappi will go out, sit down (in theaktu chapel, sheep will be sacrificedbefore her), she will smash her q. ABL858:15.

qanna'u s.; envier; lex.*; cf. qeni.[. . .] = qd-na-a-u = (Hitt.) ar-§[a-na-a]t-rtall-

la-a§ envier Erimhut Bogh. A i 36.

qannu adj.; built (said of a nest); lex.*;cf. qaninu.

f.KI.Sx.GA.MUAEN.gar.ra = qi-in-nu qd-an-n[u] OBGT XVII 10; (J.KI.S+IR.GA.x = qin-nuqa-an-nu Nabnitu XXII 85, cf. [...], si.ig = [qa]-an-nu ibid. 82 f.

qannu A s.; 1. border, march, environs,2. outside, 3. (as prep. and conj.); MB,EA, MA, NA.

1. border, march, environs - a) of acountry: iten ana idi iten ana dlija a qa-an-ni mdti u[ltebi]l I have sent (both ofthem) side by side to a city of mine whichis on the country's border EA 29:178 (let. ofTuAratta); [hama u] hugdba ina qa-an-nimdtika mamma la i6i no one removedeven a (piece of) straw or a chip of woodfrom the march of your country KUB 373:9, see Weidner Tn. 40 No. 36 (let. of Tn.);be pahete a qa-ni KUR GN ABL 409:10;exceptionally in a MB let.: ana qa-an-nimdti [i nuri]damma EA 9:20 (let. of Bur-naburia).

b) of a city: ina imeuma ina qa-niURU.BAL.TIL.KI ina a4t KUR Ebih inakiSdd Idiglat ila epuima at that time Ibuilt a city on the border of Assur at thefoot of Mount Ebih on the bank of the

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qannu ATigris KAH 2 26:2 (inscr. of ramgi-ilu?); dldnidannute adi didni ana la mani issu riealdniu adi qa-na dldniu akud ... 2 Sa:lam arrutija pu. .. issen ina r dldniuanU ina qa-ni dldniu ina rig tdmti azqup

I conquered the large cities along withcountless (small) towns from the nearestto the remotest ones, I made two statuesof myself as king, one I erected in thenearest of his cities, the other in theremotest of his cities on the seacoastWO 2 40:29 and 32 (Shalm. III); naphar 7dldni a qa-an-ni GN in total seven vil-lages in the environs of Arbela Iraq 2346 ND 2728+:7, also ibid. 9; dajdlkca ana qa-an(!)-ni GN Supur send your scouts tothe environs of TuruSpa ABL 148:4, cf.PN PN2 2-u-nu qa-ni GN pan abulli [k]am=musu PN (and) PN2, the two of them areencamped outside Assur before the citygate (and together they eat and drinkwine) ABL 419:13, cf. ABL 143:9, 491:5, 1192r. 2; ina qa-an-ni GN bit ili §a ereni ep[iS]a temple of cedar was built on the out-skirts of the city of Harran ABL 923:11,cf. adi qa-an-ni URU [GN] Iraq 18 49 No.34:8; a qa-an-ni Urzuhina ABL 408 r. 31;E 1 ANNE qa-an-ni URU Sa PN a one-homer estate on the outskirts of GN TCL9 58:14, cf. ADD 91 edge 2; bztu epu.. .. inaURU GN qa-an-ni a URU GN 2 ADD 331:6,cf. URU GN qa-ni URU GN2 Johns DoomsdayBook 1 i 24, 3 ii 8, CT 53 2 r. 2ff., 2 AN§EA.A qa-ni URU kutal URU GN AJSL 42 189No. 1168:6; GIE.SAR zamri qa-ni GN JohnsDoomsday Book 3 iii 4.

c) other occs.: may the king, my lord,ask the persons Sa PN TA qa-an-ni-maurammu2anuni whom PN released fromthe district(?) ABL 1308 r. 5, see Deller, Or.NS 30 348; (five cities) fa qa-an-ni nakaribordering on the enemy ABL 556 r. 11,cf. 2 URU.§E.MES TA qa-an-ni-Su-nu ABL1008 r. 7; PN rab dldniu Sa qa-ni tahimeSa GN PN, the city overseer of the Urartianfrontier territory ABL 252:8; GI§ lammuUDU.MA.GAL ina qa-an-ni ihuli ubbulu

qannu Athey carry the almond wood and the full-grown he-goat to the edge of the roadKAR 33:14 (rit.), cf. ibid. 12; a field qa-nima4qte by the watering place ADD 391:3,392:3; ina qa-an-ni d [. . .] ABL 1264:4,note i-qa-an-ni Sm. 749:3 (courtesy S. Par-pola).

2. outside - a) ana qanni: DN anaqa-ni ittu i issuhur etarab AAAur wentoutside, returned, and entered (again)ABL 611:7; kimia arru ana qa-an-ni ittugiABL 670 r. 9, ABL 356 r. 1, ABL 594:9; inabit Sarru kammusuni 2 GI.IZI.LA issen anaimitti issen ana Sumeli luSitiqu ana qa-an-ni lugesiu they should move two torchespast the place where the king is staying,one to the right, one to the left, and (then)they should bring (them) out ABL 670r. 7, see Parpola LAS No. 4.

b) other occs.: mar 6arri umd ina bdbia qa-an-ni ugd does the prince go out

by the outer gate? ABL 354 r. 2, cf. KA.GAL fa1 qa-ni (beside KA.GAL qabassite,note EDIN URU beside qab-si URU obv. 10)Iraq 4 189 r. 11; bel pdhete fa Kalhi ina qa-an-ni Postgate Palace Archive 203:7; at aqa-an-ni the doorkeeper of the outer(door) (in an enumeration of officials)PRT 44:7, also Knudtzon Gebete 109:7, wr. qa-a-ni ibid. 108:8.

3. (as prep. and conj.) - a) used aspreposition - 1' qanni: qa-[an]-ni ahgiittuini ittalkuni together they leftand went off ABL 138:16; uma PN ina muh=hini illaka ... qa-an-ni aheiS nizzaz nep=pa now PN is coming to us, we will stayclose together and do (our work) ABL118 r. 10; la uiu qa-ni mehri4unu la [il-[ta]l-ku they did not leave to go withtheir colleagues Iraq 20 193 No. 43:12; farruqa-an-ni mihrj[a] libbi luballita may theking make me happy along with my col-leagues ABL 525 r. 17.

2' ina qanni: [ina q]a-an-ni mefrzjaazzaz issahei nimmallik I will get to-gether with my colleagues, we will consult

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qannu Bwith one another ABL 1388 r. 4, see ParpolaLAS No. 184, cf. ina qa-ni mehreja dullueppa4 I do the work with my colleaguesABL 455:15; note kalbu qa-ni kalba[ni] (inbroken context) ABL 1228:10.

3' issi qanni: TA qa-ni 60 UDU.ME§ X[x UD]U(?).ME§ PN ana PN2 ril-[sa]-limittidin instead of the sixty sheep (thatwere pledged to Adad and hence notavailable) PN paid in full x sheep to PN2Tell Halaf 106:12, see Postgate NA Leg. Docs.No. 47; §umma 'PN mdri la tu-u-la-da amta[ta]laqqi e-si qa-an-ni- d ina S[ub-t]i-Sd'talakkan if PN does not give birth to sonsshe will take a slave girl and place herat her side in her dwelling (?) Iraq 1638 ND 2307:43, coll. Postgate, Or. NS 44 485.

b) used as conjunction: A.SIGs5 a abijaa ina muhhi <dul>-li paqquduni qa-an-ni

imuni ma L1 .A.BA paqid dullu ittaq ur=tammeu ihtalq[u] as soon as my father's.... -men, who had been put in chargeof the work, heard "A (new) scribehas been appointed," they left the work,abandoned their posts, and ran awayABL 885:11; I prepared the phylacteryfor epilepsy (and) put it upon him,the epilepsy left him ina qa-ni §a LU.TUR inuhuni ina muhhi DUMU.§E§-fi aPN r il-sa-ka-nu ittuaha as soon as the childhad calmed down they put (the phylac-tery) on PN's nephew (and) he calmeddown (too) ABL 1289:5, see Parpola LAS No.239, also ibid. r. 1.

qannu B (qarnu) s.; fringe, hem; fromOB on; stat. const. qaran (OB, Mari)and qanni, pl. qanndtu; wr. syll. and si.

a) in gen.: 5 harbiw qa-an-na-tu-i-na mardatu five .... (pieces of apparel),their fringes are (made of) mardatu ma-terial HSS 14 247:16, cf. ibid. 34 and 41 (Nuzi).

b) in leg. - 1' referring to seizing,tying, or cutting someone's hem as a sym-bol of that person: tamkdrum ... qd-ra-an(!) qubdtia . .. ul iabbat (see qubdtu

qannu Bmng. la-2') Waterman Bus. Doc. 74:7 (OBleg.); umma PN-ma PN2 qa-an-ni-ia iqab=tanni u uletiq u dajdnu PN2 itdalu[S] uiqtabi PN ammini qa-an-<na>-u iogabitPN said (before the judges) "PN2 has seizedme by my hem and forced (me) to appear(in court)," then the judges questionedPN2 saying, "Why was PN's hem seized?"SMN 3109:5 and 9 (unpub. Nuzi), cf. qa-an-na-4u Sa PN iqabat ibid. 24, qa-an-na-iutabat ibid. 32; (after PN presented hiscase against PN2 to the judges and PN2, thedefendant, pleaded not guilty, PN wasordered by the judges to take the oath)immatime PN ana ildni i-la(text -na)-ak-mi s PN2 PN iiabatmi u qd-an-na-u inaqd-an-ni-6u hesmumma ipul u ina dini PNilte'ema u dajdnu PN2 ana 1 alpi ana PNana qd-an-ni-i ittadi[l[ as soon as PNwent to take the oath, PN2 seized PN andtied his hem to his own hem (thus pleadingguilty), thus PN won the case and thejudges sentenced PN2 (to pay) one ox toPN for his hem (i.e., for having carried outthe symbolic act with the hem) JEN331:15 f. and 21; 6umma fPN ana a6uti uMabqa-an-na-Su inaklakma u i if (the widow)'PN wishes to remarry, she cuts the hemof her garment and leaves (see nakdsumng. le) HSS 19 19:54, cf. ibid. 2:62 and6:23; note Summa fPN ana aslu*ti uSiabqa-an-na-Su inassakma u uqei HSS 19 7:47(all from tuppi s6mti contracts from Nuzi); noteSumma ... PN alBata anita ihhaz qa-an-na-gi i-na-sak-ma u, i HSS 5 67:42, also[umm]a . . . PN allata anita ileqqe qa-an-na-Su [i-na-a]k-ki-su ina bitila [. .. ]HSS 19 51:18 (both marriage-adoptions).

2' referring to impressing the hem on atablet: qa-an-na-Su PN ana pani 6hiutiannti imtalar JEN 539:5, cf. HSS 16 452:9,WO 9 16:16, and passim in similar phrases inNuzi, see madtru; for the legal implica-tion see Koschaker, ZA 48 186.

3' referring to handing over silver to awoman as peculium: itu x kaspum tershassa ina qd-an-ni-la ra-ak-su-ma ana PN

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qannu Bemila turru after the silver of her brideprice was handed over to her (lit. tiedin her hem) and was returned to herfather-in-law PN BE 6/1 84:41, cf. ibid. 101:21,CT 8 2a r. 2 (all OB); x kaspa ina qa-an-nimdrtija artakas I have given x silver formy daughter's personal use RA 23 152No. 42:8, cf. HSS 13 263:12, HSS 19 7:26, JEN78:14, AASOR 16 55:14 (all Nuzi marriage con-tracts), see Koschaker NRUA 91 n. 7; kasapurzitu a fPN ana muluigti u ana qa-an-ni-u ana fPN irtaksumi HSS 5 80:13, cf. HSS

19 144:35; note in a lit. text: [... .KU].

BABBAR u2 Kt.GI [i-na qa]-an-ni-a [ir-t]a-ka8 RA 65 138 ii 5 (ardat lilt inc.).

4' other occs.: (the defendant declaredin court) x §E.ME §a irtiz PN ilqemi uqa-an-ni ana pani SRbuti imtalar u dajdnu6butu §a PN2 iteru u PN2 ... 5 Lt.ME§Slb~t a PN2 ana pani dajdni imtanu x§E.ME§ PN qa-an-ni-4u na-a-ti ana panmniiqtabi §E.ME§-ia ina bit PN2 ittadin u §E.

ME9 ilqemi x §E.ME Arihtu aar PN2 elqemiu apldku u PN2 qa-an-na-u ana panniimta4armi "PN received the x barley out-standing (on the loan) and impressed (his)hem in the presence of witnesses." Thenthe judges asked PN2 for the witnesses,and PN produced his five witnesses beforethe judges (and they said), "As for thex barley, PN, holding(?) his hem, declaredin our presence, 'I loaned my barley toPN2's household, but I have received mybarley, (also) the outstanding x barleyI have received from PN2, and I am paid,'and PN2 impressed his hem in our pre-sence" HSS 9 108:16, 27, and 32 (Nuzi); 6 GIN9a ina GN ultu qa-an-nu TtJG.KUR.RA-italSi 6 GfN LfJ Sa qaqqarka uSaSkibi ittalisix shekels (of silver) that you took inGN from the hem of my .... garment,six shekels the man who had your landharrowed(?) took away UET 4 120:11 (NB).

c) as symbol of attachment to kingor god: qa-ra-an qubit abija ul uwallarI will not let go of the hem of my father'sgarment RHA 35 72b:15' (Mari let.), cf. (in

qannu Bbroken context) ibid. 71:1; itu imim a qa-ra-an qubdtija ibatu matima ina mdtiiukaspam . . mimma ul alqut ever since hegave me his allegiance I have not exactedany silver (cattle, sheep, or barley) fromhis country Unger Mem. Vol. 191:25 (Shem-shara let.), cf. [iSt]u §a q[a-ra]-an subdtbelija a batu ARMT 13 148:8, see also ARM6 26 r. 8', Sem. 1 18:10, cited ,ubdtu mng. la-2';§umma qa-ra-an qubdt RN uwa4 aruma qa-ra-an qubdt Sarrim fanim igabbatu inadidni u eper it[tagq]i if he lets go of thehem of RN's garment and takes hold ofthe hem of another king's garment, heforfeits his cities and territories JCS 12126:47f., also ibid. 53 and 55, see JCS 13 96 (OBAlalakh); §a ina qa-an-ni §a DN kagir lailuad ina puhur hddnitelu he who is"tied" (safely) into the hem of the goddessUrkitu will not be shamed (?) among allthose who envy him Craig ABRT 1 6 r. 3 (NAlit.), see Streck Asb. 348; kurbi ana RN ,dbitqa-ni-ki pronounce blessings (0 IMtar)over Sargon, who holds the hem of yourgarment Craig ABRT 1 54 (= BA 5 628) iv 18;,abtdkuma kic tiri ina qa-an(var. omits-an)-ni-ka I am attached to your hemlike a courtier (I run after you like apuppy) BMS 18:9, var. from KAR 347:9, seeEbeling Handerhebung 92; sdbit qa-ni-ki usap.pi ilutiki I who hold the hem of yourgarment implore your divine majesty KAR98:6, also ZA 5 80 r. 17 (hymn of Asn. I); abatqd-an-na-ka-ma uk l sisitaka Mayer Ge-betsbeschworungen 528 K.3434:13'; uncert.:mdmit Sama tu-ki (!)-ia-al qa-an-ni theoath of gama§ holds (me by) my hemTn.-Epic "iv" 29.

d) in magic use: ana muhhi kapa4igipta tamannu ina qa-ni-ka tarakkas yourecite the incantation over the kapd4ushell, tie it into your hem (and the kingwill be friendly to you) KAR 238 r. 6, cf.Biggs $aziga 51 AMT 62,3:6; ina SI qubdtikatarakkas Kocher BAM 318 iv 11, 316 iv 22;ittimdli ussaSmeSu agdadad ina qa-an-ni-Si artakas yesterday I let him (the sub-

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qannu Cstitute king) hear (the signs?), I cut off(the [. .. ]), (and) I bound (it) in his hem(in difficult context) ABL 676 r. 8, see Par-pola LAS No. 26.

Mayer Gebetsbeschworungen 147 ff. Ad usage b:Petschow, RLA 3 318ff.; E. Cassin, RA 63 138ff.;B. Ismail and M. Miller, WO 9 20 f. with previous lit.

qannu C s.; cattle pen; SB, NB; cf.qannu C in rab qannate.

ultu qa-an-na muluh innaMu take(oxen) from the cattle pen (and) give(them) to him BIN 1 68:26 (NB let.); inaqa-an-ni buli at the cattle pen (in brokencontext) Lambert BWL 196 VAT 10349:7(fable).

qannu C in rab qannate s.; overseer ofthe cattle pens; NB; cf. qannu C.

PN L[O GA]L qa-an-na-a-ta Nbk. 116:14,cf. Lfj.GAL qa-na-a-tu Nbk. 421:4, YOS 17320: 1, wr. L§.GAL qa-na-<a-te> BIN 161:16.

qannu see kannu and qarnu.

qannunu see qunnunu.

qantuppu see qan tuppi.

qanfl (qanu'u) s.; 1. reed, 2. (a fra-grant reed), 3. arrow, 4. tube, pipe,5. measuring rod, 6. (a measure oflength), 7. plot of land; from OA, OBon; pl. qan and qandtu; wr. syll. andGI; cf. qan tuppi, qani in a muhhi qandte, uzun qane.

[gi-i] GI = [qa]-nu-u Sb I 284; gi = qa-nu-uHh. VIII 1, also Hh. VII B catch line; ba-ar BAR =qd-nu-u A I/6:237; [a.ba.b]a = qd-nu---um(var. GI§.GI gi-ba-al-lu) = GI SA.DUB.B[A] StudiesLandsberger 23:45 (Silbenvokabular A).

gi.dug.ga = GI (a-a-bu Hg. VIII 5; gi.nfg.gal.gal = qd-nu- kab-ba-ru Hh. VIII 82; gi.[gibil] = GI e-Su, gi.sun = GI la-bi-ru Hh. VIII223b-c; gi. A.d. a = qa-nu-i lin-na-nu (var. Sali-i[n-ni]) ibid. 150; gi.dub.ba.an = qa-an tup-pa-ni(var. -nu) Hh. IX 311; gi.dup.pa.an = qa-an tup-pa-ni = MIN (= qa-an) flSd-la-l[i] Hg. A II12, in MSL 7 67; gi.NUN.ME.TAG - qa-an Jip-ri,

qandgi. ul.hi = MIN §d-la-li Hh. VIII 2f., for othertypes of reeds see Hh. IX 312ff., and passim inHh. VIII, also Hh. IX 184-186, 210f., and Hg. AII 3ff., in MSL 7 67ff. and MSL 9 185f.

gi.6r.gi = iS-di qa-ni-e, gi. A.gi = lib-bi MIN,gi.pa.gi = dr-tum MIN, gi.bar.gi = qu-lip-tumMIN, gi.gilim = ap-pi qa-ni-e Hh. VIII 153ff.,for other parts of the reed see ibid. 161 ff.

gi. A.ti r = am-mu Id qa-ni-e Hh. VIII 30, inMSL 9 174; i.ba = GI E.DUB.BA Studies Lands-berger 23:42 (Silbenvokabular A); [i]. gi. du g. ga= MIN (= §a-am-n[u]) qa-ni ta-a-b[u] Hh. XXIV 30.

gi nu. gi nu .dim : qa-nu-u ul agi isi ulbani reeds had not sprouted, trees were not (yet)created CT 13 35:2, cf. gi.sun gi.henbur(§E.KAK) sug giA.gi gig.tir.BU.GA ba.dim : ulluditta appari qa-na-a u qi4u ibtani (see apparu lex.section) ibid. 37:25; gi.dili.ginx(GIM) mu.un.sig.sig.ge : kima qa-ni-e edi u-Sip-pa-ni (see edulex. section) 4R 19 No. 3:45f., cf. SBH p. 9 No.4:121f., BA 5 635 No. 6:21f., gi.en.bar nir.gida. da : kima qa-ni-e ina idipti OECT 6 pl. 20K.4812:9f.; ni.nu.te.na dingir.ra.na gi.ginxi n. Aas5. a 5 : la pdlih ililu kima qa-ni-e uhtasig(see ha4d u lex. section) CT 17 19:5f., cf. [ina. .]-i lu-bat dKUR.GI7.GIM.§A5. A5sl 3a [Id Ladd ki-m]a GI-ni-e u-ha-a-$u [. . .] li-ha-$i-su OI-ni-fTin the [...], the chapel of the god KUR.G17.GIM.§A5.§A 5, (whose name means in Akk.:) where theybreak the mountain like a reed, let them alwaysbreak [your enemies] like reeds K.3446 r. (?) 9(unpub. rel. text with blessings addressed to Mar-duk on the occasion of his entering Babylon);mu.lu gil.gil al.ak.ak.eeg gi.ginxin. Aa4. ga4.a : muqtablu mu-ta-[...] kima GI-ni-e uht[as$i ]the [. . .] warrior is broken like a reed KAR 97:13;gi u,.lu.ginx mu.un.sig.sig.ga.e.ne : kmaGI-ne-e mehe ifub<bu> (see meh2 A usage d) RAcc.109:13f.; dNin.tin.ugs.ga gi.[t]a hu.mu.un.Dt : Gula ina qa-ni-e lishilSu may Gula prick it (theevil eye) with a reed STT 179:47f.; gi.kiu.ga Auu.me.ti : qa-nu-u ellu leqema take a clean reed(and measure that man) CT 17 15:20, cf. RA 70138:42f. (inc.); sipa.bi gi.fr.ra mu.ni.ib.[b ] : [re']i u ina qa-an bikiti inabbu[ b] (see bikitumng. 3c-2' 4R 11:27f.; gi.urudu.Aen.tab.basu.zi ri. a : qa-an pditi la alummatu ramu shaftof the double ax which is perfused with terrorCT 1622:298f.; gil.gi [. . .] A m gi.bi : itbalmiapu 8im qa-ni-S (see apu A lex. section) LambertBWL 242 iii 4; gi.gub.gub.ba i.bf bar.bar.re. mu : Ja ina qa-an minddti attaplauu /I uman:didu whom I looked over, variant: measured, witha measuring reed SBH p. 14 No. 6 r. 17f.; gi khgi gid.da gi gii.gi [ki.ga] gi.bar.ra gi.u.iub gi.8[n.ba]r [...] x [...] : qa-nu-u ellu qa-nu-u arku qa-an api [...] qa-nu-u qalpu ana a-da-fat-til x x [. . .] STT 198:9ff. (mj pirit.), and

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qanufpassim in this text, cf. 6n gi ku gi gid.da gigiA.gi kfi.ga (incipit of an inc.) K.8117:8; gi.dfig.ga a.ra.an.gu.ub (var. gi a.ra.an. ub) :GI.DtG.GA (var. qa-na-a) azqupku STT 197:42, seeCooper, ZA 62 73:21; kur.ra gi.min.tab.ba.ginx A§ mu.un.da.bad.du : a §add kima qa-anJun-na-a edi6 tunass8i (see nesdi v. lex. section)Studies Albright 345 r. 5.

a-lal-lu-u = MIN (= na-[an] -,a-bu) sd GI MalkuIV 144; x-du-u = ki-i$-ru a qa-ni-e (var. GI)Malku II 81, dupl. CT 51 175 ii 12; for Malku II 83see bi4bilu.

GI.GIR g '''r / a-rim-tum // qa-ni-e ... GI.TUR Izi-ri II am-mu qa-ni-e CT 41 30:9f. (Alu Comm.),cf. ibid. 31 r. 35; GI.SIG adattu / Ihi-lu §d qa-ni-eibid. 34.

[gi.bar.r]a.ak : qd-[nal-a-am q -lul-upOBGT XI ii 21.

i GI.ZO.LUM.MA : GI.MES ha-,a-qu-ti UruannaII 343; GI.ZT.LUM.MA : A§ GI.ME§ ha-,u-.u-teUruanna III 18.

1. reed - a) in gen. - 1' in econ.context: x GfN a-qd-nu-e x shekels forreeds TCL 20 176:5, also BIN 4 169:14, TCL14 14:37, 5 MA.NA qd-nu-e OIP 27 55:16,dupl., wr. qd-nu-we BIN 4 162:25; qd-nu-elupahhir u egg he should collect reeds,also wood TCL 20 97:20, cf. e-$i i qd-nu-eVAT 13532:7, GI SIG5(?) U e-qi RA 58 60Sch. 4:12, see von Soden, RA 60 151, cf. qd-nu-um (in similar context) ICK 2 86:16;qd-nu-e lizbilam let him carry the reedsto me CCT 3 48b: 18; 3 kutdni i-qd-na-imti4apkim i4tapku they stored three kutdnutextiles at the time of storing the reedContenau Trente Tablettes Cappadociennes 15:8(all OA); GI qd-nu-um mali iliam lu kasimall reeds that have grown(?) should becut CT 52 112:15 (OB let.); 40 GI.HI.A UGUPN PN2 IN.TUK PN owes PN2 forty reedsYOS 8 90:1, cf. MN GI.HI.A imannu ibid. 6,cf. x GI.HI.A... PN §U.BA.AN.TI... MNGI.HI.A imann ibid. 89:1 and 6; GI.HI.A ae=nimma liblam (see g nu usage b) VAS 16141:14, also TCL 17 68:12; x barley ana GIana Kt.DIM to a goldsmith for reedsEdzard Tell ed-Der 152:13, also 153:21, 163:8;(several thousand) GI.HI.A namhartum uBA.ZI (for a reed fence, etc.) TCL 18155:11, and passim in this text (all OB); 10 OI.HI.A liddinunim let them give me ten

qanu

(bundles? of) reeds (for making baskets)Kraus AbB 1 5:19; GI.HI.A §a libbim es~id[u] em kisrim anassah I will cut the reedsin it (the canal bed) and wherever there isan obstruction I will pull (them) out ARM3 5:49; aklum qa-ne-e sa ndr GN aal~itijaki ana belija aJapparu it is for the thirdtime that I am writing to my lord aboutthe reeds in the GN canal PBS 1/2 59:4;obscure: 1 ITI 10 umi i tu qa-na-a add?k2ci 20 GAR la mali BE 17 46:7 (both MB);GI.ME§ Sa ina nor GN ... i idi u GI.ME§eidu ... inandin he will harvest thereeds in the Takkiru canal and deliver thereeds he harvested YOS 7 172:5f., cf. GI.ME ina nar GN ul umal4ar ibid. 14, seealso hadbu A, hd5ibu; DUB.ME§ a 100 GI.ME§ Sa PN adi 20 GI.ME§ ina qdt PN2tablets concerning one hundred (bundlesof) reeds belonging to PN together withtwenty (bundles of) reeds in the hands ofPN2 CT 22 227:8 and 10, and passim (NB let.);GI.MES liqlupu let them peel the reedsibid. 217:27; iltet bilat GI.ME§ qalputu oneload of peeled reeds BE 8/1 154: 11, cf.30 bilat Sa GI.ME§ makkur gamaVAS 6 2:1;30 bil-ti GI.ME§ a ama ina muhhi PNthirty loads of reeds belonging to §a-mag, charged to PN Evetts App. 1:1, also(counted in guzullu's) BRM 1 57:1 and 5, Bagh.Mitt. 5 228 No. 17 iv 12, and see guzullu;kaspa a ana GI.ME§ addag u amahharSuI will collect from him the silver that Igave him for reeds CT 22 175:14; x silverana KI.LAM fa GI.ME§ 82-7-14,99:2, cf. 10GfN kaspu ana GI.MES ana PN nadin Nbk.297:1; food and clothing for men [ana]ze-bi-lu id GI.ME§ for carrying reeds82-7-14,1934:3 (all NB); uncert.: Summa...kabit 82se x x qd-ne-e la uz-zi-iz (seekabitu) CT 4 1:12 (OB let.).

2' in hist. and lit.: Uqn marqu uqa-ni-e api ana kidinniti [. . .] (see kidin=nutu usage d) Lie Sar. 281; mdmit GI inaappari haqSbu the "oath" (incurred by)cutting a reed in the marsh Surpu III 26,VIII 50; madmt GI ina riki aldapu urpu

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qanfiIII 69; kima GI anni natpu[ma] as thisreed is torn out Dream-book 340 K.8583:9,343 79-7-8,77 r. 9; iatu .. . . kilat GI.ME§fire consuming the reeds AfO 23 42 Sec-tion III (fire inc.); n5a ammi ndS qa-ni-ithe hay carriers, the reed carriers IM67692:189 (tamitu, courtesy W. G. Lambert).

3' in omens: Summa GI MI ina apiittanmar (see apu A usage a) CT 39 22:18,KAR 394 ii 30 (Alu Cat.), cf. Summa GI A.DIR(= adir?) if a reed is .... CT 39 9:10;umma ina hirit Cii GI ibagli if reeds ap-

pear in a city's moat CT 39 21:160, alsoibid. 11:47; [umma] ahip GI nazi if a pigcarries a reed KAR 405:1 (all SB Alu).

b) for specific uses - 1' as buildingmaterial: ina Sipik eperu GI.ME9 aksirmaI dammed (the river) by piling up earthand reeds Lie Sar. p. 48:3; §aplanu GI.ME§eldni NA 4 .ME 6adi danni itti itt aksimabelow I bonded reeds, above heavy moun-tain stones, with bitumen OIP 2 99:49,cf. GI.ME§ api u kupe ulatriga eliun ibid.105 v 89 (Senn.); 5 fGN kaspu ana GI u guiurifive shekels of silver for reeds and beamsVAS 6 315:12; qa-nu-u u guuiru ina libbiluoabbit I will put reeds and beams in it(the dividing wall) VAS 15 35:4, cf. ibid. 8;Sim libndti GI guur daldti u tibni a epeS§a biti Sa PN (x silver) is the value of thebricks, reeds, beams, doors, and straw forbuilding PN's house Nbn. 231:2, cf. dullulibitti GI guiuri ina libbi ippu Dar. 330:13,also Dar. 485:11, Nbn. 500:10, Cyr. 177:11, TuM2-3 117:12, and passim in NB house rentals, wr.qa-nu-u BRM 2 1:9; 200 guzullu a GI.MEA ... ana titurru two hundred reedbundles for a causeway Nbn. 753:14; ERIN.ME gabbi GI.ME§ u tibna ana milihfunuimahhari all the men receive reeds andstraw for their work assignments BIN 140:25, also 29; GI.ME§ a ana dullu a Emeslam [SUM].NA 82-7-14,1086:7, cf. GI maladullu . . . belz liddin YOS 3 130:10 (all NB);note [a/ina] qd-ne-e ta-bi lu binissa letit* (the boat's) structure be of good reedLambert-Millard Atra-hasis 126 r. 7 (MB).

qanfi2' in rit.: 40 GI.ME a 3 KOr.AM ...

irakkaunutu (the 6elgallu) ties fortyreeds of three cubits each (with date palmbast) RAcc. 145:454; pallurta GI.MES Sagi[salli . .] 2 GI.ME§ a mal2 ina muhhiahamel taparrik [you . .. ] a cross of reedsfrom a reed fence, you place two reedswhich are full(?) crosswise one over theother Maqlu IX 60f., see AfO 21 81; bilatGI.ME§ teleqqi urigall teppul (see biltumng. lb-l1 K.6810:5 and K.8117:5, citedAurpu p. 61; GI ana iniu ihammi[S] hebreaks a reed in two Dream-book 340 K.8583:14, also ibid. 343 79-7-8,77 r. 13; see alsomdmitu lex. section, taplirtu, teliltu.

3' for arrows: 2 nubi GI.ME ana u-ku-du [...] twenty thousand reeds for[making] arrows HSS 13 100:1 (Nuzi).

4' for fuel or torches: if the king lightsa brazier for Marduk and ina GI.HI.Aillik it burns with reeds CT 40 39:43 (SBAlu); aSiku gizillzGI.ME beruti (see biruA adj.) AfO 14 142:42 (SB bit mairi); 6arruIZI.GAR ina GI ana libbiu u-[...] RAcc.146:459; see also §uruptu.

5' exceptionally, for packing a tabletfor shipment: tuppam ina qd-nu-e lawswiama wrap the tablet (inscribed withPN's will) in reeds (i.e., a reed mat?) and(have him bring it with great care) HUCA40-41 33 L29-574:33 (OA).

6' as a cane: ahhea ina qa-ni-e umsdahhi he caned my brothers with a rodCT 22 247:21 (MB let.).

7' other uses: 20 GI.ME§ (with variousspecifications) EA 22 iii 51-54 (list of giftsot TuSratta), cf. 1 rnm GI.ME§ Aarmu ibid.47f.; see hugu, irritu, kuninnu, malalli,mihru A mng. 4, urullu, see also qan tup=pcni (part of a reed fence), in lex. sec-tion.

c) in comparisons: kima qa-nd-e-emkupralMu (see kapdru B mng. Ib) BIN 719:11, also Kraus AbB 1 37:7; ilUi kima GIiubbu inarrutu the gods shake and

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qanui

tremble like reeds AnSt 8 62 ii 40 (Nbn.),cf. malkindkirja kima qa-ni-e meh? i ubbuthe kings hostile to me bend like reeds ina storm Borger Esarh. 57 iv 81, also KAH 284:22 (Adn. II), CT 35 26:8 (Asb.); see alsoqdlu B mng. 1; nige §a ina libbiu kc GI.ME9 tuhtayi4 you broke the people in it(the city) like reeds Cagni Erra IV 67; qadumdtikunu ki GI liheQiqka (see hadqumng. 3) KBo 1 3 r. 14, also ibid. 1 r. 65 (trea-ties); mari Bdbili §a kima qa-ni-e (var.GI) api pdqida la i u (see apu A usage d)Cagni Erra IV 6; malkila kanSltiu kima GIapi uha6ima Borger Esarh. 97:32, for otherrefs. see apu A usage d; GI.ME § U.SI.ME§- his fingers are reeds KAR 307:11(description of a non-pictorial, symbolic re-presentation of a deity).

d) parts: tiiltu a A GI [ina] muhhiappilu uhappa (see hep mng. 7) AMT105,1 iv 18, cf. AMT 1,3:10; GI.PA.fTR.GI GI.§UL.HI . . . tasdk (var. [gu-u]r roGl gu-urGI.SUL.HI) Kocher BAM 398 r. 38, cf. ibid. r. 25,var. from CT 23 41 i 12, see guru, see alsokieru mng. 7, habburu; lipiGOI.ME§ pith(?)of reeds AMT 16,3 i 13 + 12,3 i 7, see alsolibbu mng. 2f, handu; for i4du, artu, qu=liptu, qimmatu, see Hh. VIII 153ff., in lex.section.

e) types - 1' qan appdri marsh reed:see apparu, note imahharka GI AMBAR abluthe dry marsh reed relies on you (SamaS)Lambert BWL 322 K.8051:4.

2' qan silli: see Hh. VIII 146ff., Hg. A II41d, in lex. section.

3' qan alali: see aldlu s.4' qan dipri: see Hh. VIII 2, in lex.

section; a GI.NUN.ME.TAG i6inim (hiredworkmen) who brought reeds for weavinggrain baskets TLB 1 64 No. 43:11, see Lands-berger Date Palm 7 n. 3.

5' qan tillati: see tillatu.f) other occs.: see lubSu, kuSiru lex.

section.

qanf2. (a fragrant reed) - a) qani: elitam

§a erenim u qd-nu-im I 488:5, cited Matoul,ArOr 42 171; ina lapliSunu attabak I erenau asa (see asu A usage b-3') Gilg. XI 158;muhra . . . supdiz qa-ni-e ballukki accept(sama and Adad) the juniper, the reeds,the .... (and other aromatic substancesoffered) BBR No. 75-78:7; [ina libbi] egubbiudt ... GI SIKIL ... tanaddi you put(various substances), pure reed (beads,etc.) into this holy water basin K.2587:23',also (with GI AMBAR) JRAS 1925 43:16, see TuLp. 103; as ingredient of perfume: 3 S1LAasa 3 SILA Ga.GI halute ... ana libbihirsi takarrar you put three silas of myrtleand three silas of chopped reeds into ahirsu bowl Ebeling Parfiimrez. 28 i 13, cf.,wr. GI(.MEA) ibid. 45:20, 31 iv 4, and passimin these texts.

b) qan tdbu "sweet" reed: see Hh.VIII 5, in lex. section; 1 bilat asam damsqam 1 bilat GI ta-ba-am .. . leqeammatake for me one talent of fine myrtle, onetalent of sweet reed VAS 16 36:7, also TCL18 133:4 (both OB letters), also CCT 4 44b:12(OA), and passim beside myrtle, see asu Ausage b; GI DoaG.GA [ana belija ultebilaI sent sweet reed to my lord BE 17 45:5and 8 (MB let.), cf. PBS 2/2 107:8 (MB); akuli. . . GI DOG.G[A] consume the sweet reed(addressing the fire) AfO 23 41:27 (SB fireinc.); GI.GI DG.GA ... tahaJ6al you crushsweet reed KUB 37 1:12 (Bogh. med.), seeAfO 16 48, also, wr. qa-na-a ta-[a-ba] KUB37 55 iii 24, cf. Iraq 31 29:4 (MA med.); GIDTG.GA (as ingredient in recipes) KiichlerBeitr. pl. 2 ii 15, also Kocher BAM 3 iv 17, 396ii 26, 10 GIN GI DG AMT 84,1 ii 3, alsoKocher BAM 216:21, 186:3, AMT 41,1 iv 13, andpassim in med.; ziqtu a GI DtTG.GA tanai(see ziqtu) ZA 45 44:19, cf. ibid. 42:3 (NArit.), see also qan tuppi usage a; GI DtG.GA .. ina muhhi garakku tee n you pilesweet reed (and other aromatics) on thebrazier BRM 4 6:15; ina takkussi GI DOG.GAana libbi uzun imittiSu tulahha througha tube of sweet reed you murmur (the

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qanfiincantation) into its (the bull's) right earKAR 60:10 and 13, also 4R 23 No. 1 i 17, seeRAcc. 26; GI DUG.GA ina libbi tuzaqqap youset up sweet reeds on it (the sacrificialarrangement) BBR No. 26 iv 32, cf. (withtusannal) Maqlu IX 25, and passim in rit.; i.GI§GI DUiG.GA ana qaqqadilu tanaddi you putoil of sweet reed on his head AMT 35,2ii 7, cf. 86,3:7, 92,4 r. 11, Kocher BAM 3 iv 12,and passim in med. and rit.; 30 MA.NA §IMGI DITG.GA TCL 10 81:7, also ibid. 16:12 (OB);4 §IM GI DUTG.GA UET 4 146:2, 147:10, also(preceded by §IM.GI§.ERIN, gIM 6urmeni, IM.GIR,SIM.SAL) 82-7-14,2555:7; 2 MA.NA GI DUTG.GAGCCI 2 249:1 (all NB), cf. GI DUG.GA (amongother plants) ADD 1042:9, 1074:12.

3. arrow - a) in econ.: 5 quppi §aGI.HI.A a qtija 10 quppu 6a GI.HI.A uAlu kajdnuma reiam likillu five baskets ofarrows at my disposal (?) and ten basketsof arrows in reserve (?) should always beready ARM 18 9:13 and 15, also ARMT 1356:11; 5 ilpatu 30.TA.AM GI.ME§-nu inalibbilunu nadi five quivers, in each ofthem there are thirty arrows HSS 13 195:4,see also ipatu mng. Ic, hillu mng. 3;1 GIS.BAN [. .. ] Sa URUDU.ME§ 18 GI §aUD.KA.BAR one bow [.. .] of copper, 18bronze arrows HSS 15 4:20, also 41 and 52;PN LU.ZADIM §a GI.ME§ PN, the makerof arrows Sumer 32 142 No. 7:2; §a PN 1GI-u la damqu HSS 15 21:3, cf. ibid. 33, 18:38(all Nuzi), possibly to be read gukidu or iltdhu.

b) in lit.: itlul qalta qa-na-a ubil ummaul ithi ana Anze qa-nu-u ittura he (Nin-urta) drew the bow and sent out thearrow against him, but it did not comeclose to Anzf, the arrow returned RA 4634:22f., also ibid. 36:38f., dupl. STT 19:75f., cf.qa-nu-um-ma §a tallika tura apukka (seeapu A usage a) RA 46 34:25, 36:41 (SBEpic of Zu); ina tdhazi GI ana amii la feh&that in battle an arrow may not comenear a man (incipit of an inc.) CT 22 1:21;GI tdhazi ana Imgur-Enlil dir Bdbili latah VAB 4 132 vi 22, wr. qd-an ibid. 138viii 42, 82 i 10, wr. qa-an 196 No. 28:3, and

qanfipassim in Nbk., cf. a lemni ... qd-an tidhaziu uasszm8 a ibid. 120 iii 31, 138 ix 40(Nbk.); [gi.te.te] = [MIN (= [8i-hi-i]l-tu)qd-n]i-e MSL 9 97:220 (list of diseases); GI.HI.A itbalu kirassa ublunim (see kirissuusage b) KBo 1 11 r.(!) 16, see Giiterbock,ZA 44 122; umma ina GI mahi if he ish*t by an arrow Dream-book 329 r. ii 20,cf. [Sa ana] duri ... qa-a-na inassukuniksa inakkisu whoever shoots an arrowagainst the wall or makes a breach (init) MDP 41 66 No. 32A:8 (MB Elam).

4. tube, pipe - a) of stone: NA 4 il-li-gi : NA 4 qa-nu-, NA 4 [s]u-u: NA 4 qa-nu-u Uruanna III 157f., in MSL 10 69:9f.,71:56f.

b) of metal: qa-nu-u eri a copper q.(in dowry list) Iraq 16 38 ND 2307:33 (NA);7 qd-nu-u a meqta mal a hurdai (seemeqztu usage a) EA 14 ii 3 (list of gifts fromEgypt), also ibid. ii 6, cf. 3 qd-nu-u tatbikuSa hurdi ibid. ii 4.

c) as a flute: [. .. u]eiriba qa-andte (parallel: Jamme ridte uSerib)34 16:35 (SB lit.); see also 4R 11:27f.,lex. section.

hi=CTin

5. measuring rod: gi.gin.gid, gi.gub.gub.ba, gi.nig.[ninda.n]a =qa-an min-da-tum, gi.nig. SAR. di.a =MIN ka-a-tum Hh. IX 295ff., in MSL 9 183,cf. gi.nig.ninda.na = gu-ku = qa-anmin-da-ti Hg. A II 11, in MSL 7 67 and MSL9 186; qa-na-am elqema [mindassu] ulidema I took a measuring rod, but I didnot know its length Sumer 7 39 No. 7:2,also, wr. GI TCL 18 154:34, cf. reS qd-ni-iam-num what is the original (length) of mymeasuring rod? ibid. 36, cf. ibid. 37, see alsomiddatu mng. 2a; 15 ana bd qa-ni-kai~ima multiply 15 by half of your meas-uring rod Sumer 7 38 No. 6:6, of. ibid. 2(all OB math.); warki allim u qd-ni-impdStum Sa DN ... lillikma eqlam sunniqlet the ax of DN go (around the field) afterthe measuring cord and reed, thus checkthe (measurements of the) field Kienast

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qanfiKisurra 159:18; muttabbilat alu ammat GI.ME§ ginindanakku (see alu mng. Ib)Or. NS 36 118:41 (SB hymn to Gula); see alsoCT 17 15:20, SBH p. 14 No. 6 r. 17f., in lex.section.

6. (a measure of length) - a) in metrol-ogy: 6 Kt§ = Jqa-nuNINDA, 10 GI = 151NINDA, 20 GI = 10d-[ltm]NINDA RA 2333:6f.; anniti ubdnu a 24 SU.SI.ME 1 KIU§ammat zeri u GI.ME Sa 1 me KTU§ u 1 meKt§ SAG 5 (BAN) 3 SILA 3J NINDA §dzeri u GI.ME§ this is the "finger" where24 "fingers" (equal) one cubit, the cubitused for fields and lots, of which (a squareof) one hundred cubits' length and onehundred cubits' width equals 33 silas31 NINDA of a field or lot BE 20 30iii 16 and 18 (NB metrological table).

b) in OB, Mari: sixty firs a qd-na§a 2 qd-na arku §a 1 siLA a 2 siLA kabruwhich are not less than two reeds longand not less than two silas thick VAS 1652:6f., cf. 40 aSuhi 2 GI.AM ana simmi=aItim ARM 18 24:6; 7 kuburre a 4-a-a

ina 1 [KtJ] 2 kuburre qa-na-a-a 10-te Sa[...] (correct CAD kuburru mng. 2) AfO20 pl. 7:3, see Unger Babylon p. 250, cf. 50guS~ru a 2 GI.AM ARM 3 23:11; 2 GI§urnu §a 5 GI.AM u 8 GI§.HI.A supalu Sa4 GI.AM ina GN ikkali two cedars(?) offive reeds' length each and eight junipertrees of four reeds' length each were de-layed in Carchemish ARM 14 31:16; [inax q]a-na-tim mdrak huni[b7 (see mdrakuusage a) ARMT 13 45:7f.; bitqam dmurma8 GI.HI.A rupum I looked at the breach,it was eight reeds wide ARM 6 9:7; 2 GI2 ammdtim libbi bitim lilkunu let themmake the inside of the house two reeds(and) two cubits (wide) ARM 14 25 r. 3and 6, guiurz ajdnum nileqqem 4 GI iddibitim imtid 2 aG-ma libbi bitim azzim iddiu liMSakin from where shall we takebeams? a four-reed length for the houseis too much, let the inside of the housebe set at only two reeds in accordancewith its length ibid. r. 7 f.; usukkaa 6aplm

qanfim iqquruma qa-na u nikkas imtaqut thewater destroyed (the bridge's) lower side,and it fell down (over a length of) onereed and three cubits ARM 6 1:21, cf. 1 GIme i-gu-um imla ARMT 13 28:5, also ARM10 25:13; U§.BI 8 GI.ME§ its (a garden's)length is eight reeds OECT 8 3:7; uncert.:hamSit qc-ni-e(?) [e-li] -it Sitta ammat igar=turn kabrat the wall is one fifth (?) of areed high(?), two cubits thick TCL 10 3: 1;lupu daltam a qd-na rupussa I want tomake a door of one reed's width TIM9 46:22 (Gilg.), cf. ibid. 24.

c) in NB: 23 GI.ME§ 4 KU iltet mehatu23 reeds four cubits, first measurement(referring to an area 35 by 33 cubits)VAS 5 103:8, cf. 8 GI.ME§ 1 KTU 4 §U.SI(corresponding to twenty by twentycubits) AnOr 8 51:1, also 28 6 Kit u 8 §u.SI GI.ME§ 28 reeds (of seven cubits)61 cubits (corresponding to a trapezoidalplot with sides of 45, 30, 45, and 33cubits) BIN 2 130:11; 9 GI.ME§ (corre-sponding to 18 by 18 cubits) TCL 12 19:1and 9; 6 GI.ME§ (corresponding to 18 by12 cubits) Camb. 403:1, cf. 10 GI.ME§3 KU§ 7 §U.SI bZtu eplu anni VAS 5 38:18,and passim in this text, also Weissbach Misc. pl. 15No. 2:1, Nbn. 1128:13, Peiser Vertrage 117:14,Nbk. 164:11, and passim in NB, wr. x qa-nu-2 KUfT 7 §U.SI Camb. 233:11, cf. ibid. 28;12 nikkas GI.ME§ 121 reeds (corre-sponding to 25 by 25 cubits) AnOr 9 15:11;6 GI.ME§ (corresponding to 18 by 12 cu-bits) Strassmaier, Actes du 8e Congres Inter-national No. 8:1 and 10, also ibid. No. 6:1 and 15.

c) other occ.: 4x3600 + 3x600 + 60x3qa-na 2 KU§ nibit Sumija milihte duriu(see nibitu mng. 2b) Winckler Sar. pl. 43:65.

7. plot of land: PN dm GI.ME§- . ..mahir PN received the purchase price ofhis plot TCL 12 19:18, also Nbn. 26:7, AnOr 84:5, VAS 5 113:7, and passim in NB; itti GI.ME§ Sa Eanna bitu 6udti ina le'i Satru (itwas found that) this house was enteredin the register as belonging with the plots

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qanfiof Eanna BIN 2 134:30, cf. fuppi GI.ME§VAS 5 18:29; tuppi ... §a zeri u GI.ME§udatu Dar. 469:9; mannu a. . . ina muhhi

GI.ME § udtu idabbubu whoever starts alawsuit about this plot TCL 12 19:24, cf.GI.ME§ atar u matu Dar. 325:24; makall?§a GI.ME§- u §a PN (see makallu) Dar.323:19; btu a PN a ina I.ME a PN2 puhouse of PN which he built on PN2's plotEvetts Ner. 29:2; GI.ME §a PN a PN2 inalibbi aSbu PN's plot on which PN2 residesTuM 2-3 24:1; idi qaqqaru a GI.ME § udtithe rent for the real estate with regardto these plots (referring to 2 GI.ME§ lines1 and 8) CT 44 76:14, and passim in NB.

In NB, areas are measured as equiv-alent to a rectangle of a standard widthof one qanu, so that only the length of thisrectangle has to be specified (see ammatudisc. section). This length is then ex-pressed in qanl, ammatu, and ubdnu. InNB there are in one qanl either sevencubits (e.g., in BE 20 30 iii 18, VAS 5 103:8,AnOr8 51:1, BIN2 130:11,AnOr9 15:11) or sixcubits (e.g., in TCL 12 19:1, Camb. 403:1,Weissbach Misc. pl. 15 No. 2:1). This is prob-ably a consequence of the introduction ofa smaller cubit (see ammatu disc. section),although the relations fit only approxi-mately. The entry e-gai GI = [.. .] "threeCI" CT 18 33 K.8833:6 (= Antagal X) refersto the three Gi-entries of the left side;the text is not a metrological text.

qani in Ia muhhi qanate s.; (a pro-fession); NA*; cf. qanl s.

LU 6d UGU qa-na-a-te Bab. 7 pl. 6 v 18(NA list of professions), see MSL 12 240; PN LUSd UGU qa-na-te (witness) ADD 618 r. 9(coll. Ungnad, ARU No. 66).

qanf v.; 1. to keep(?), 2. to buy,acquire, 3. qunn (unkn. mng.), 4. IV(uncert. mng.); OA, OB, Mari, MB, NA;I iqni - iqanni (OB) and iqnu - iqannu(NA), 1/2, II, IV/2; cf. qintu A.

tu-qa-an-na 5R 45 K.253 vii 40 (gramm.).

qapiru1. to keep(?): amtam §a ezibakkum la

ta-qd-an-ni- i ana kaspim idinSi the slavegirl I left with you, you must not keep (?)her, sell her! CT 33 22:19 (OB let.); []jakima a a [r]aksu u eream la ile'i ana pitdtwattar[ ta-q] a-an-nu-u unuma lu wattaruall those who are not bound by a contractand who are not able to do agriculturalwork (and whom) you keep in reserve asreplacements, they are indeed replace-ments ARM 4 86:34, cf. (in broken context)i-qa-an-ni TIM 9 48 r. ii 19 (ar tamltri).

2. to buy, acquire (NA only): (youswear that) qinitu 6a unu iq-nu-u-ni(var. iq-qi-nu-u-ni) tanaSSni you (pl.)will not take away the acquisitions theyhave acquired Wiseman Treaties 274; [eqle] tikirdti niS[i §a fina jillija iq-nu-[u e]pu§ubit rame[niu uza]kkima I exempted (fromtaxes) the fields, orchards, and peoplethat he had acquired under my protectionand made into his own estate ADD 647:24,see Postgate Royal Grants No. 9, parallel ibid.No. 10:24, 11:24, cf. ammar a abia inaqilli Sarri iq-nu-u-ni ABL 152:16; ina Qilli§arri beZija L1.ZI.ME§ 5 7 aq-tu-nu underthe protection of the king, my lord, Iacquired five (to) seven people ABL 1285r. 23 (coll.); ta-qa-an-nu (in broken context)ABL 1262 r. 5.

3. qunn (unkn. mng.): [.. .] li-GA-an-ni-ma [...] may [Adad?] .... [his . . .]MDP 6 p. 43 iii 8 (MB kudurru), cf. li-GA-an-ni-rmal [. . .] MDP 10 pl. 12 v 3, see Borger,AfO 23 20.

4. IV (uncert. mng.): for your owndebt bi-ta-ku-nu ... i-ta-aq-nu yourhouse has been seized(?) CCT 5 8a:11,see Larsen The Old Assyrian City-State 201.

qanuinu see ganinu B.qanu' u see qani s.qapalu see kapdlu.qaplru s.; (a container); NA.*

1 qa-pi-ru nini one q. of fish ADD890:2, cf. 2 qa-bir suluppz ADD 942 i 3; ina

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qappatubddiu ina kallamdri 2 DUG qa(?)-pi-ra-ni(?) u8se8i in the evening (and) earlyin the morning, he (the cook) sent outtwo q.-pots (referred to as udH line 22)ABL 1372 r. 4.

For a Syr. cognate see von Soden, Or. NS46 192.

qappatu (qabbatu) s.; (a basket madeof palm leaves); OB, MB, SB, NB; wr.syll. and GI.GAM.MA (Lambert BWL 148:73);cf. epic qappdti.

li.nig.tag.tag = e-pi6 qap-pa-ti plaiter of q.-baskets Hh. "XXV" A 9, in MSL 12 227, alsoNabnitu E 157.

[h]al-ha-lum = qdp-pa-tum CT 18 9 K.4233+ii 8; [...] = qdp-pa-du KUB 3 109:3 (unidenti-fied voc.).

a) in gen.: 2 GIB qd-ab-ba-tum (amonghousehold utensils) CT 6 20b: 10 (OB); anaqa-rap-pal-ti kamis (x gold) has beencollected into baskets (?) Sumer 9 34ff.No. 15:7 (MB), cf. 6ulmdnatu LIBIR.RA(?)§a ina qap-pa-ti akna UM 29-15-205:34(MB, courtesy W. van Soldt); (alum receivedfrom a merchant) ina libbi 18 qa-ap-pa-ti[. .] nadi TuM 2-3 251:6 (NB); note wr.with the log. for kippatu: amelu §a usatamana mdtifu ippu Iakna usdtuu ina GI.GAM.MA (var. qap-pat) a Marduk theman who provides help to his country,his deeds are placed in the basket ofMarduk Lambert BWL 148:73.

b) beside tools used in agriculture anddigging: MAR.AN.BAR.[ME§] qa-ap-pa-a-td u hi4ihti a dullu a nari innaMunutugive them (the farmers) iron spades, q.-baskets, and (all) that is necessary for thetask of (cleaning) the canal BIN 1 60:17,cf., wr. qdp-pat-ti ibid. 45:29, also elevenshekels (of silver) ana qap-pa-a-ta anadullu §a muhhi [...] UCP 9 114 No. 60:63,cf. ibid. 1, 49; [x]+7 zabbilu . .. [x q]a-ap-pa-at (parallels: [x] GAL AN.BAR.ME§ andmarri) 82-7-14,1770:3; 45 qa-ap-pa-a-[ti]u 10 zab-bi-la-a-[nu] GCCI 1 308:8, cf. ibid.375:1; qdp-pa-tum zab-bi-lu mazrutti (fol-lowing a list of plants in the royal garden)

qapuCT 14 50:68; 10 qa-ap-pa-a-ti ... ana bitkddu Aubul ten q.-s have been broughtto the outpost (among items for a soldier'sequipment) YOS 6 237:4, cf. 10 qa-ap-pa-a-ti inapan PN rab bit kii ibid. 7; qa-ap-pa-a-tu i4mma uibilam take and send theq.-s here (immediately) UCP 9 57 No. 1:5;x GIN KU.BABBAR ana qap-pa-a-ti GCCI1 55:7; hummulu ana qdp-pat.ME§ BIN 1162:16 (all NB).

c) in NB date grove contracts (partof the dues payable by a tenant): itti 1 GUR. . . dariku u 2-ta qap-pa-a-tum inandinu'per gur (of dates) they (the tenants) willdeliver (various by-products and) a daricucontainer and two baskets VAS 3 150:8, wr.1-en qap-pa-tum ibid. 61:15, wr. qa-ab-ba-a-tum Nbn. 973:12; also 4-ta qa-ap-pa-tum 4 zabbildnu 4 darkdnu itti inandinStrassmaier Liverpool 12:9; 2-ta qa-ap-pat PN

A u mangaga etir VAS 6 288:12; 12-taqa-ap-pa-tum PN ana bit kare ittadin (afterlibbilibbi and mangagu) Nbn. 271:4,9, and 13.

If the broken passage we (the thieves)took 1 nashiptu appdtu parzilli [x qa]-ab-ba-tum parzilli 3 MAR.AN.BAR.ME U TIJGmu-gip-e-tum (see appatu B) AnOr 8 27:10is correctly restored, it would indicatethat qappatu also designated an iron tool;in that case some of the refs. cited usage bmay also refer to such a tool.

Landsberger Date Palm p. 45 and 53.

qapsidu (or qabsidu) s.; (part of a gar-ment); OB.*

sissiktam qd-ap-si-da-am tanaddi youlay down the hem (and) the q. (forcleaning) UET 6 414:4, cf. sissikat qd-ap-si-di-im tupaffar ibid. 9, see Iraq 25 183.

qapu v.; to rise; SB*; Aram. lw.

pagi // uqipi Sa appztalu ana paniuqa-pa-at / qa-pu / [. . .] (see appitu)BRM 4 32:23 (med. comm.).

For Aram. qepd see von Soden, Or. NS37 263.

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qapuqpu s.; (mng. unkn.); Akkadogram inHitt.*

[1 O]I.PISAN.TUR §A-gU 1 QA-A-PU DUg.§U.A one small basket inside which isone q. of duo 2 stone (?) KUB 42 20:5';[1 G]I.PISAN.TUR 1 QA-A-PU ibid. 18 ii 4'.

qapu A (qidpu) v.; 1. to believe, to givecredence to, to trust, (in the stative andinf.) to have reliable information, 2. toentrust someone with a task, with valu-ables, to entrust something to someone,3. to entrust silver or goods for tradeor on consignment, 4. to make a qiptuloan, 5. II to guarantee, 6. IV to bebelieved, 7. IV to be entrusted; fromOAkk. on; I iqp - iq4p (earlier iqiap),pl. iqippu- qip, 1/2, I/3 (iq-ti-ni-a-dpCCT 4 22b:48), II, IV; cf. muqippu, qaji=pdnu, qajipdnutu, qajipu, qptu, qptu inbe qpti, qptu in bit qpti, qpu adj. and s.,qputu.

Au.l1.e = qa-pu (var. qi-a-pu) §a mim-ma, el.de.a = MIN §a mim-ma, giskim.ti = MIN §a qi-ip-tim (var. a-wa-ti), tam = MIN §a libbi, a. tam= MIN §a libbi, qi-pu Nabnitu J 74 ff.; [ a ]. [ta]lamUD= qa-[a-pu], giskim.ti = MIN §d a-[mat] AntagalA 149 f.; [...] x = ta-li-mu, qa-a-pu, te-bi-ib-tiVAT 10426:29ff. (Erimhu§ a), cf. qa-a-pi te-bi-[ib-ti] Hunger Uruk 27:7.

giskim.t[i.la. §] = a-na qip-ti, giskim.t[i.la] = qa-a-pu, giskim.t[i.la.de] = a-na qa-a-pi,eg.d[6.a] = [qa-a-pu] Ai. II i 66ff.; u.1[A] =[qa-a-pu], §u.l. A = a-na [MIN], 9u.1& = qi-[ip-tu] ibid. 74ff.

qi-ip nap- d-a-tum // qa-a-pa // na-da-nu JNES33 332:44 (med. comm.).

1. to believe, to give credence to, totrust, (in the stative and inf.) to havereliable information - a) in gen.: adizakitam nilme'u la ni-qi-ip until we re-ceived definite information we did not be-lieve (it) TCL 19 71:8; §umma la ta-qi-pdqdtz mah+ama if you do not have con-fidence (about the affair), refuse to takepart in it for me Or. NS 36 396 n. 2c:33;aMdum awdtim 8a PN iqbikum umma attamaul qi-pa-ku as for the words PN spoke toyou, you (said) thus: I do not believe (it)

qgpu AKraus AbB 1 46:29, cf. (in broken context)ul qi-ip TCL 18 140 r. 3'; minam [1]ibbumli-qi-ip how can one believe? Bagh. Mitt.2 57 ii 7 (early OB let.); kima ... ina sinikiniluma aq-ti-ip I have been led to believethat he slept with you TCL 1 10:23 (OB let.);6umma ahua ul i-qa-a-ap aradka ... lilli:kam li-di-in-zu if my brother does notbelieve (him), your servant should comeand accuse him in court KBo 1 10 r. 30(let.); rama4. .. gabbi la a-qi-pi (I swear)by gama§ that I believe all of it YOS 3151:9 (NB); la i-qi-pu §a Sarru illakuni theydo not believe that the king will comeIraq 17 23 No. 1:30 (NA let.); adi mannu ulumana §arri iqabbi ki Sarru i-qip-pi howcan the king believe (the omen) untilsomeone speaks a greeting to the king?ABL 1006 r. 6 (NB, = Thompson Rep. 268); issurri6arru belf la i-qi-ap perhaps the king, mylord, does not believe (me) ABL 565 r. 6(NA); nim?2 ul ni-qip we heard (it) butdid not believe (it) (in broken context)ABL 1366:6 (NB); qi-i-pa believe me! (ex-clamation) Lambert BWL 204 col. B 5; §ummaul qi-ip if he is not trusting(?) ZA 43104 iii 58 (Sittenkanon); in personal names:Mannu-i-qa-pa Who-Would-Believe-It?Speleers Recueil 298:26, wr. Mannu-i-qa-piBRM 2 21:32, 24:30, 26:26, VAS 15 42:24, UET4 60 r. 6, but Man-na-i-qip-pu ibid. 37:15,also Mannu-i-qa-pu CT 4 41b: 13, TCL 6 48r. 12, BIN 2 135:38, and passim in BRM 2, TCL13, BE 10.

b) to give credence to a person, a re-port, to trust: ula abi atta md ana 10 §E.OUR ula td-qi-pd-an-ni are you not myfather? what? do you not trust me for tengur of barley? MAD 5 2:7 (OAkk. let.); iuti$erija awilma md wuwdti ta-qi-ip-majdtiula ta-aq-ti-pd-ni what? is he more of agentleman than I am that you trustedhim but you did not trust me? CCT 43b:24f. (OA let.); atta ul ta-qi-pa-an-ni ubztz tahSulma tulterib you did not trust mebut promptly brought him into my house(instead) TCL 18 144:11, cf. minde uniti

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qgpu Aul ta-qi-a-[apl maybe you do not trustthem? PBS 7 84:17; amatki ul ta-qi-pi-ido you not trust your servant? TCL 1 25:9,of. (obscure) a-di bu-§i i-qi-ip(?) ibid. 34(all OB letters); aJappar<§u>niuim ula i-qi-pu-ni-in-<ni>-ma I write to them but theydo not believe me UET 5 72:17 (OB let.);[.. .]-us-ku-nu-lim-ma la ta-qip-pa-[x]ABL 1304:13; Idru la ta-qi-pa-§u (hiswords) are but wind, do not believe himABL 301:6, cf. arru beld la i-qdp-Fd ABL266 r. 6 (all NB); mannu i-qa-ap-Su-nu whowill believe them (the envoys)? EA 1:40(let. from Egypt), cf. u la aq-ti-ip-Su-nu EA20:19 (let. of Tugratta); URU rumuri inan=nama [in] a hamu(tti ubannii [in] anna li-qi-pa-an-ni inima ubanni $umuri I willnow rebuild the city of GN immediately,now (my lord) may believe me that I willrebuild GN EA 159:45 (let. ofAziri); ummaawdti §a mdr 6ipri ana amdti 9a tuppimithar mar lipra an-nu-me-e-am RN qi-ip-Su u umma . . . ul mithar RN mdr Sipralu la ta-aq-qi-ip-tu if the words of themessenger correspond to the words of(this) letter, trust that messenger, 0 RN,but if they do not correspond, 0 RN, donot trust the messenger KBo 1 5 iv 36, 38(treaty); ikk&m awassunu a-qi-ip thereforeI believed their words Laessee ShemsharaTablets p. 33 SH 920:33, cf. qibissunu la a-qi-ip-ma OECT 1 pl. 24 i 53 (Nbn.), cf. also[a]mdtiunu ... [ul?] a-qi-ip-ma VAS 156:5; tammar ... kz kime Sarru rabi ip=pu Sunuti u atta RN ina arki ium am4te6a garri rabi belika ta-qa-a-ap you willsee how the great king will treat them,and you, RN, will in the future believe inthe words of the great king, your lordMRS 9 36 RS 17.132:29, cf. Summa amataqi-pu Summa la qi-pu KUB 3 56:3 (let.);aar indja immar[a] el abim ul a-qi-a-apeven if I see it with my own eyes, I willnot believe that the troops are coming upARM 2 51:15; Sadri a ina nari 6at-ri qi-pa-an-ni 4ina pirdtu la taqabbi believe whatis written on this monument, do not say:These are lies VAB 3 63 § 56:98, see von

qgpu AVoigtlander Bisitun p. 42, cf. § 60: 101, cf. mannu

a ... a.t.ari ... [1] a i-qi-ip-pi [zi]qabbiumma piredtu Sina ibid. § 58:100 (Dar. Behi-stun); amelu a ana muhhi [ame] lu idabbubagdzi ul a-qa-pa adi muhhi dibbi a [kilal=l] eunu alemmu I do not believe a manwho accuses another until I have heard thestatements of both Herzfeld API p. 6:14 (Dar.Nb), see Borger apud Hinz AFF 57; PN and PN2have fled enna agd ni u ul qi-pu-na-6inow people have no trust in us (any more)BIN 1 49:12; mina iqabbunimma ina muhhiardi §a bit be-liu irammu u andku a-qip-pu-' what could they say about a servantwho loves the house of his lord and whomI trust? ABL 290 r. 13; a ak-ri-ka-a' kila ta-qi-pan-ni lu palir (obscure) YOS3 158:8; [. . .] i-qa-pa DIN-Su ABL 1335r. 20; li-qi-pu-ni (in broken context, endof let.) ABL 255 r. 6 (all NB); erradanima4um qi-pa-a-ku rdimi they (fem.) comedown to me because I (still) trust mylover JCS 15 9 iv 10 (OB lit.); Sarrum mdssuu wardiu i-qi-a-ap the king can trusthis country and his servants (parallel:i-tee-ep 24:25) YOS 10 25:18 (OB ext.); i-qi-pu-u-ni (in broken context) Knudtzon Ge-bete 64:5.

c) (in the stative and inf.) to havereliable information: ana qe-ep awdtimRN ana RN2 ipuram to get trustworthy in-formation on these matters RN wrote toRN2 RA 35 184 c 43 (Mari let.); PN a illak[adta]mar u ... aldka Sa [. . .] anniti ul qi-pa-ku I myself saw that PN had arrived,but of the coming of this [woman] I haveno trustworthy information JCS 6 144:9(MB let.), cf. PN ul illak u PN2 ul qi-pa-kuPN will not go (to his duty), moreover,I do not trust PN2 TLB 4 51:20 (OB let.).

2. to entrust someone with a task, withvaluables, to entrust something to some-one - a) in leg. and letters: Summaawzlum awilam ana pan eqlidu uzuzzimqgurma [ a] lddm [] -qi-ip-u [AB].GUD.HI.A[i]pqissum [ana] r eqlim ereiim urakkissuif a man hires another man to take care

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qapu Aof his field and entrusts to him the storedbarley and hands over to him the oxen(and) contracts with him for the cultiva-tion of the field (if that man steals theseed or the fodder, they cut off his hand)CH § 253:74; [umma a'z .. .. ] lu iR mimma§um§u gabba qi-ip [.. .] KAV 6 r. 10, cf.§a bissu qi-pu-ni ibid. 13 (Ass. Code C § 9),see David, Symb. Koschaker p. 135f.; anamuhhi anniti dla qi-pa-ku-ma moreover, Iam entrusted with the city PBS 1/2 73:35(MB let.), cf. mimma ul qi-pa-ku ARM 1837:7; 15 GI [. .. ] ... §a Eanna inaqdte PN LU qalla §a belija qi-i-p[u] 15[. .. , the. .. ] of Eanna, are entrusted toPN, my lord's slave TCL 9 78:18 (NB let.).

b) in lit.: Nannaru (var. [ka]kkabu)utepd mia a iq-ti-pa he made the moon(var. his star) appear, entrusting (to it)the night En. el. V 12; nereb kigi. . . i-qip-ii Enlil Enlil entrusted to him (Anzi)

the entrance to the sanctuary CT 15 39ii 3 (SB Epic of Zu).

c) in royal inscrs.: enuma Marduk. . . belut mdtilu i-qi-pa-an-ni when Mar-duk entrusted to me the rulership of hiscountry VAB 4 262 i 17 (Nbn.), also OECT 1p. 33:21, cf. inum Marduk. . . beluti ki atni4z i-qi-pa-an-nim VAB 4 122 i 42, also 112i 14, 120 iii 38, 124 i 64, 140 ix 51 (all Nbk.);libirri kinu mulallim nizi ana belitam lui-qi-pi-im(!) he (Marduk) entrusted tome, for exercising rulership, a legitimatescepter that keeps the people in safetyibid. 216 i 32 (Ner.); nis~ rapidtim §a DN belijdti i-qi-pa-an-ni the widespread peopleswhom Marduk, my lord, entrusted to meibid. 146 ii 14, cf. ibid. 174 ix 6 (both Nbk.), cf.uatbdmma .. . arrdni rube akkanakke uummdnija rapdti a Sin Sama Itar beZljajdti i-qi-pu-nu ana epedu Ehulhul ibid. 220i 45 (Nbn.); kaspa NA 4.NA 4 ni-siq-tum -quruti . . . bi6iti mdtitdn hibi kala dadmiuDN belz jdti i-qi-pa-an-ni Marduk, mylord, entrusted to me silver, choiceprecious stones, products from all coun-tries, treasures from all inhabited regions

qApu APBS 15 79 i 25 (Nbk.), cf. VAB 4 284 ix 22(Nbn.); uncert.: [a]na 6arrdni mdreja aitti lib-bi-<ia> ultammima ina qa-a-piin entrusting(?) to the kings, my sons,what I had planned OIP 2 81:24 (Senn.),see Jacobsen, OIP 24 37 n. 37.

3. to entrust silver or goods for tradeor on consignment - a) in OA - 1' silver:kaspum iti PN illakam i4ti qaqqidiu rakisDAM.GAR ula i-qi-a-dp i-la ezzibam thesilver will go with PN, it has been boundto his person, he will not give it on con-signment to a tamkdru nor lend it oncredit (to a third party) ICK 2 104:8 (OAtransport contract), see Larsen Old AssyrianCaravan Procedures 28 n. 37, cf. (in brokencontext) DAM.GAR 1il-[ld] ri-qfl-[ap]u-la e-zi-ba-am ICK 2 238:1, also CCT1 la: 13; x kaspam a atta u PN tamkdramta-qi-pd-ni tue-bilanim TCL 145:6; kaspam§a airakamma i-qi-pu-ni luebilam heshould send me the silver that he hasentrusted for trade there BIN 4 26:39, cf.(silver) Sa ina GN PN U PN2 i-qi-pu-niibid. 12; x kaspum Sa ep PN a a-u 4 -mequrbutim ta-qf-pd-ni x silver from PN'scaravan, that you had entrusted (to amerchant) for a short-term (venture)ibid. 6; aseir kaspim Sa gep PN u PN2 a ta-qi-pd-ni ippanimma wa dm ebilanimin addition to the silver from the caravanof PN and PN2 that you have entrusted(to a merchant), send me (some more)with the next messenger CCT 2 1:18; inax kaspim earrupim hubul PN ... a PN2i-qi-pu(case adds -au) out of x refinedsilver, debt of PN, that PN2 had entrustedto him TCL 21 247 A:5 (tablet), B:6 (case); xkaspum Sa PN u PN2 PN3 i-q-pu-ni inaumeu mal'itim kaspam PN3 u aqilma(as for) the x silver which PN and PN2entrusted to PN3, when his term was upI made PN3 pay the silver CCT 2 36b:6; [xkaspum Sa . . . ina] GN PN i-qi-pu-Su-[ni] -ma ina tuppiu F tamkdruml waddni (con-cerning) x silver that PN had lent him inGN, while his tablet was made out to

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qapu A"creditor" ICK 1 175:4; see also qiptumng. 3.

2' merchandise: ana itatlim liddinula uSusru la i-qi-pu adi kaspum errubuannakam u ubdti la uluru they shouldsell (the merchandise) for cash, they mustnot release (it) (to a merchant) or give(it) on consignment, until the silver comesin they must not release the tin and thetextiles KTS 20 r. 13', also TCL 20 130:x+18,x+42, CCT 2 5b: 14, cf. annakam u ,ubdti latuarama la ta-qi-pd annakam u Qubdtiana itaflimma dinama (see natdlu mng.9b) ICK 1 189:29; concerning the tin andthe textiles lu ana GN aer PN tuebilanilu PN2 ilqe lu tamkdram ta-qi-pd tertakunulillikam send me your (pl.) report as towhether you sent them to GN to PN'saddress, or whether PN2 has received(them) or whether you gave (them) to amerchant on consignment (parallel: luina Eger tamkdrim taddina whether yougave them to a merchant TCL 19 31:23)TCL 4 17:12; PN mimma la ta-qi-ap ... uina GN mimma la ta-qi-ap assurri mammane ta-qi-ip-ma . . . libbaka e imra do notgive PN anything on consignment, and inGN do not give anything on consignment,if possible, do not give anything on con-signment lest you regret it CCT 4 18a:8,10, and 11; a qi-a-pi-im ni-qi-ip ui ittambatiq u wattur niddamma kaspam nuebbalakkum (all) that could be given onconsignment we gave on consignment,the rest we will sell at any price andwe will send you the silver (obtained)TCL 14 22:5f., cf. (in broken context) BIN4 28:28; ana a qi-ip-tdm ta-aq-ti-pujdti ana magdrim tdtanahma ta-aq-ti-api-a-am annikz u ubdtija aniiitim ta-aq-ti-dp(text -NI)-ma concerning thefact that you have given consignments -you have indeed exerted yourself in givingconsignments to please me! You gave myown tin and textiles on consignment toothers (and certainly did give me honorin the cdru) HUCA 39 13 L29-559:34ff. (coll.);

qapu Ax copper zrm 3 emdri a tamkaram ta-qi-pu the price for three donkeys thatyou gave to the merchant on consignmentKienast ATHE 37:20; (tin, textiles, one blackdonkey) ana x kaspim ana 47 hamlStimPN... i-qi-ip he gave on consignmentto PN for 47 hamutu periods for x silverBIN 4 61:40, cf. naphar kaspika PN i-qi-ipibid. 30, x tin and textiles ana x URUDUPN u PN2 i-qi-pu KTS 55a:6; x silver Saana umequrbutim ta-qi-pu which you gaveon short-term consignment CCT 6 19a:22;(I hear that) x kaspam ina luqutijaammakam §a kima jdti i-qi-pu-kd ...lumma muika ITI.1.KAM u ITI.2.KAMahhuru kaspam uqul my representativesgave you there x silver('s worth) of mymerchandise on consignment, (even) ifyou have a few months before your pay-ment falls due, pay the silver (now) HeckerGiessen 42:8; luqiti a ta-qi-pd-ni iumtamkdr 6uniti ahhurini (do you (pl.) nothear that regarding) my merchandisewhich you gave on consignment, thosemerchants' time is not yet up? TCL 414:18,cf. umu tamkdrija Sa ina Kdni ta-qi-pd-nimal'u ... tamkdrkaspam aSqgilama ibid. 6;luqutam Sa i(na) GN PN qi-pu BIN 6 35:7,cf. u a-wa-tim [. . .] e-ta-wu-i a yep PN[...] PN DUMU PN2 la qi-pd-ku-ma VAT13482:9'; annik u ubdtija Sa ta-qi-pu-6uinimi uma kaspam iqul (concerning)my tin and my textiles that you gavehim on consignment, at the time ap-pointed for him he paid the silver TCL19 22:23, cf. PN a ta-qi-pu-au CCT 2 3:3;note in 1/3: adi kaspum errubu annakamu $ubdtila uSfar andku ana italim altanappara6um sit qi-pd-a-tim iq-ti-ni-a-dpuntil the silver comes in he must notrelease the tin and the textiles - I keepgiving him instructions to sell for cash(only), but he keeps giving credit CCT4 22b:48.

b) in OB: Summa tamkdrum [kaspam]6amalldm i-qi-ip-ma (var. KU.BAB[BAR i]-qi-im-ma) if a merchant entrusts silver

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qapu Ato an agent CH § 107:69; a4§um x KU.BABBAR §a ana NAM.TAB.BA PN PN2 i-qi-pu as for x silver, which PN entrustedto PN2 for a partnership venture HSM7503:3, cited Dole Partnership Loans in the OldBabylonian Period (Harvard Ph. D. Diss. 1965)p. 99; i-qi-pa-am izibamma ummidnum ulilemmiu ana nd tuppilu KU.BABBARi.LA.E even if he (the partner) entrusts(the silver) for trade or lends it (to athird party), the creditor will not accept(that as an excuse), he (the partner) has topay the silver to the holder of his noteVAS 9 183:7 (case) and 182:7 (tablet); qi-ip-ta-am [b]abtam ummidnum ul ilammadi-qi-pa-am izzibamma ana daimma illak uiturramma KU [i.LA].E (see qiptu mng. 3b)TIM 3 124:11, cf. in Sum. formulation:giskim Am.ti.la ii am.mi.ib.tak 4.tak 4 um.mi.a nu.ub.zu.zu PBS 8/2151:17; i-qi-ip-pa izzibamma ana babti ulihit harrdni ummanu ul Iuhuz if he en-trusts (the silver) for trade or lends (itto a third party), the creditor is notliable for outstanding debts or (loss dueto) highway robbery MDP 23 271:5, also270:3, wr. [i-qi] -ip-pu-ni i-zi-bu-ni-im-maibid. 272:6; i-qi(!)-pa-am i-zi-ba-a[m] inakzsilu [. . .] Edzard Tell ed-Der 28:9.

4. to make a qptu loan: sdbitum §alikaram u e'am i-qi-pu mimma §a i-qi-puul uaddan a woman tavern keeper whomade a qiptu loan of beer or barley cannotcollect anything that she has loaned out(after the remission of debts) Kraus Edikt§ 15':llf., cf. x barley Sa PN PN2 i-qi-puYOS 12 212:9; x kaspam hu-bu-li PN PN2

Zpul PN ul uhtabbal mimmuia annum anahubullia ul izzaz §a 6e'am u kaspam i-qi-pu-6i (var. i-qi-ip-pu-di) ina mi-im-mu-4aitelli PN2 has paid x silver, PN's debt(liable to interest). PN will not contractany more debts, none of the afore-mentioned property will serve as col-lateral for her debts, any (naditu) whomakes a qptu loan to her of barley orsilver forfeits what she lent (adoption)

qgpu ACT 47 63:35, var. from 63a:34 (case); uncert.:190 GUR ZIZ.AN.NA . .. UGU PN qi-pa-[.. .] Syria 16 194:5 (RS); PN's sister's sonPN2 kaspam i-qi-ip-§u-ma kima i-qi-pu-§uilteqe A 7543:11f. (OB let.), cf. Kraus, AbB5 229:7.

5. II to guarantee: PN and PN re-ceived the sale price (of the slave girl)PN3 PN4 u-gi-ip PN3 assumed the guaranteefor PN4 Owen Lewis Coll. 102:9 (OAkk.), andsee muqippu.

6. IV to be believed: ema salzmim udamqdtim nib ilim innerriJu adi napiltimlapdtim libbum la iq-qi-ip-pu u §a fattiuni ilim uteddilu (do you not know that)wherever (there are) peaceful and friendlyrelations, no (treaty under) oath isrequired, there is mutual trust withouttouching the throat (in the ceremony),and there is no need to take a new oathevery year? Bagh. Mitt. 2 59 iv 18 (early OBlet.).

7. IV to be entrusted - a) merchan-dise: give the tin and my textiles to atrustworthy merchant on short-term cre-dit §umma a-u4 -me qurbitim la iba4likima i-qi-pu-ni annakam u Qubdtija anatamkdrim kinim ... dina if short-termcredit is impossible, give my tin and tex-tiles - under whatever conditions theycan be entrusted - to a trustworthy mer-chant COT 5 5a: 17, cf. TCL 4 26:9 (OA).

b) persons: kaspum u luqtum alMumiPN eqlam ettiq tamkdrum ula i-qi-dp thesilver and the merchandise will go over-land in the name of PN, no agent willreceive consignments CCT 1 la:13 (OA);ina qdti wardim u amtim tamkdrum usdbitum kaspam e'am . . . adi mddim ulimahhar mdr awilim la zgzu u wardum uliq-qi-a-ap the merchant or the tavernkeeper do not accept silver or barley orother goods from a slave or a slave girl,a coparcener or a slave is not given aqptu loan (of silver or barley) Goetze LE§ 16:1.

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qapu BEdzard Tell ed-Der p. 59; Veenhof Old Assyrian

Trade 419ff.

qapu B (qdbu) v.; 1. to buckle, to cavein, 2. III to cause to collapse; OB, SB;I iqip - iqdp, 1/2, III (only stative Juqi=pat attested); wr. syll. and DIRI (CT38 28:21); cf. qajapu adj., quppu adj.

[di-ri] SI.A = qd-a-pu-u Proto-Diri 6; [di-ri][sI.A] = qa-a-pu §d Iz.zI Diri I 40; diri.ga =MIN (= qa-[a-pu]) d i-ga-ri (in group with qdpu A)Antagal A 151; e E = qa-a-pu Sb II 242.

iz.zi.diri.ga ugu.na im.ma.an. ub : igdrula i-qu-up-pu eliu imtaqut the wall that wasbuckling fell on him Ai. IV iv 24, cf. 6.libir.raiz.zi diri.ga sig 4.BAD an.dub.us.e : bitalabiraigdra 6a i-qu-up-pu imda immid ibid. 16; a.l.hul 6.gar .diri.ga.ginx(GIM) 16.ra in.gul.u s .a h6.me.en : MIN Ja kima igdri i-qup-pu-maeli ameli [i']abbatu atta whether you be an evilalu demon which, like a wall, buckles and (Sum.like a buckling wall) falls upon a man CT 1627:4f.; bad UD.KIB.NUNk.bi lu.kur.ra [s]uh.sfih.e.ne in.sig.ga bi.diri.[ga] : duru Sippar§a ina e8dti nakri inigu i-qu-pu the wall of Sipparwhich deteriorated and collapsed during thedisorders (caused) by the enemy 5R 62:54f.(gamag-ium-ukin); [...] .me.a bad.sig4 zil.lA[...] : eli lemnini diru §a i-qi-pu limqut may thebuckling wall fall upon our enemy Lambert BWL228 iii 16.

eper diri AUB-td ... §UB-tid a iqbu aSu SI.A// qa-a-paSd t.GAR JNES 33 332:50 (med. comm.).

1. to buckle, to cave in - a) in leg.:umma igdrum i-qa-am(var. -ap) -ma babetur ana beZ igari uedizma igdru f la] u-<dan> -nin-ma igdrum imqutma mar awilimuStamit if a wall is buckling and the cityquarter (as authority) brings it to the at-tention of the owner of the wall, but hedoes not reinforce the wall, and the wallcollapses and kills a man Goetze LE § 58iv 25, cf. (in similar, broken context)[i]-qa-ap-ma K.15046:3 (copy of OB laws),in Bezold Cat. Supp. 152, see von Soden, ArOr17/2 373; Summa itinnum bztam ana awilimzpulma 6ipirlu la uStebima igdrum iq-tu-up if a builder constructs a house for aman but does not do it according tospecifications, so that the wall bucklesCH § 233:96.

qapu Bb) in lit.: Summa ina libbi dli igdrdtu

i-qub-ba if in a city the walls collapseBab. 4 110:13 (SB prodigies), see Oppenheim,JNES 33 199; birat dur nakri i-qd-a-[ap]the citadel of the enemy fortress will col-lapse KAR 428 r. 49 (SB ext.); Summa inabzt ameli hur[d] dti i-qu-[pa] if the beamsin a man's house buckle CT 40 7:59 (SBAlu); Summa KI.MIN GIM UB DIRI-maIGI.DUg if ditto (= in a man's house)(something) looking like .... appears CT38 28:21, with comm. [GIM SUB] E DIRI-ma= ki-ma mi-qit E i-qu-e-pi e- u CT 41 25r. 8; enima igdr bit ili i-qa-pu when thewall of the temple buckles RAcc. 34:1,also 40:1, 42:22, 24, wr. i-qa-a-ap ibid. 44:1;kima igdri fa i-qu-up-p[u . .] like a wallthat buckles AfO 19 51:90; omen con-cerning RN §a ina dUTU ina elunim[igdrum?] i-qu-ma imqutalum uponwhom [a wall?], having buckled, fell inthe gama§ temple at the elunu festivalYOS 10 1:4 (OB liver model).

c) in royal inscrs.: bit amaJ... alabdri illikuma i-qu-pu innabtu thetemple of gama which had fallen into dis-repair and buckled and collapsed StreckAsb. 230:17, also (said of the walls of Babylon)ibid. 236:18; temen a enirma idda irmdi-qu-pa re4dSa the foundation platform (ofthe palace) had become weak, its founda-tion had given way, (and) its top hadfallen down OIP 2 128 vi 44 (Senn.), also (re-ferring to the wall of Nineveh) Streck Asb. 144 ix54, Piepkorn Asb. 98 viii 68, dupl. Iraq 30 103viii 68; bt ,ama... . a Aarru mahri ipu§uma la innendu igdru u bitu Sudti i-qu-up-ma itrura riedSu the temple of Samalwhich a former king had built but whosewalls were not supported, this temple wassagging and its top was shaky VAB 4 262i 27 (Nbn.); ramkuti Ebabbar zitaminim i-qu-pu bztu the ramku priests of the Ebabbarsaid to me: The temple has collapsedOECT 1 pi. 24 i 52, cf. mind i-Si-ir-Aum-mai-qu-up-ma ibid. pi. 25 ii 9 (Nbn.); ekallu. . .i-qu-up-ma uptattiri sinditu (see .imdu

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qApu CA mng. 3) VAB 4 212 ii 22 (Ner.); bdb belhtiu§a ina labdri iniu i-qu-pa dirlu the wallof the Gate of his Lordship, which hadbecome weak since olden times, buckledA 701 ii' 3 (unpub. cylinder fragment from Adab);[Eann]a a RN 6arru mahru upiumuilliku labdriS bitu 6udtu igdrdtu u i-qu-pu-mu uptattiru riksuti Eanna, which Sulgi,an earlier king, had constructed andwhich had fallen into disrepair, thistemple's walls had buckled, its bondingshad disintegrated YOS 1 38 i 20 (Sar.), alsoIraq 15 123:5 (Merodachbaladan), cf. labdriSillikma i-qu-u-pu igdrdtuu JCS 17 130:15(Esarh.), cf. Borger Esarh. 74:31, ThompsonEsarh. pl. 15 iii 22 (Asb.), also irmr [ildSu]labdri illiku [i-qu]-ba igdrdtulu StreckAsb. 170 r. 39; igdruSunu i-qu-up-ma igd=rifunu aqqur their (the temples') wallshad become dilapidated so I tore the wallsdown VAB 4 248 iii 30 (Nbn.), also CT 34 35iii 52; i§ddfu inuluma i-qu-pu igdruu PBS15 80 i 18, cf. VAB 4 224 ii 52., igdrdtului-qu-pa-a-ma CT 34 26 i 8, dupl. ibid. 23 i 8,cf. also OECT 1 pl. 24 i 50 (all Nbn.), wr. i-qu-pu-um CT 37 19:37 (Nbk.); §a a4rukkati§udti ina [...] i-qu-pu-u-mi iniSu [...]JAOS 88 126 i b 8 (NB votive).

2. III to cause to collapse: ziqqurratGN §a ulldnua un-nu-a-tu .u-qu-pa-at thetemple tower of Babylon which before mytime had become weakened and was nearcollapse VAB 4 60 i 35 (Nabopolassar).

qApu C (or kdpu) v.; to intend harm;OB*; I iq/kup - *iq/kdp, pl. iq/kuppu.

adi PN u andku baltdnu lemuttau u u nikurtagu l[a] aha lehu Akkadum Jamutbaslum Numhium Idamaraq ana lemuttim unikurtim [ana] PN li-qu-up [ka-a]k-kieleqqnma I (swear that I) will seek noevil or hostile acts against him as longas PN and I live, should GN, GN2, GN 3, (or)GN4 plot evil or hostile acts against PN,I will take up arms Tell Asmar 1930,575:10(courtesy R. Whiting), cf. Sa bitam Idtu uSalr

qaqqadanupatu ana lemuttim u la damiqtim i-qu-pu-§um Syria 32 16 iv 27 (Jahdunlim).

Probably the same verb as kdpu A.

qApu see qdbu.

qaqadA see kakdd.

qaqAnu s.; (a bird, lit. the qaqi-likebird); lex.*; cf. qaq.

u 5 .sim mu en = qa-qu-u = tar-ma-zi-lu, u 5 .mun mulen = pa-'-i = qa-qa-nu Hg. C I 37, inMSL 8/2 173.

qaqdi see kakdd.

qaqqadanu (kaqqaddnu) adj.; 1. withlarge head, 2. important, influential;from OAkk. on; wr. syll. and SAG. DU withphon. complement; cf. qaqqadu.

[sag.du mugen] = [qaq-qa-da-nu] Hh. XVIII160, restored from [sag. du mu en] = qa-qa-r dal-nu MSL 8/2 159:5 (Bogh. Forerunner to Hh.XVIII).

buru 5 .sa.ad.num (var. buru 5 .sa.ak.na) :BURU 5 qaq-qa-da-nu Uruanna III 198, in MSL 8/257.

i kul.KU.ll = am-mu qa(var. qaq) -qa-da-nuHh. XVII 43; ft pi-zir: fC d-mu SA[G . .. ], t MINSIG7 : U d-mu SAG.DU-a-nu Uruanna II 56 f.; Sam-mu x : qaq-[qa-da-a-nu], Sam-mu SAG.DU : [...]ibid. 63 f.

1. with large head - a) as personalname: Qd-qd-da-ndm HSS 10 153 iii 10,154 ii 8, 158 iv 9, 199:4 (OAkk.); Qd-qd-dd-nim(gen.) TCL 4 80:36, Qd-qd-da-nim Jan-kowska KTK 83:5, KBo 9 40:14, Qd-qd-da-niibid. 30:6 (all OA); Ka-aq-qd-da-nu BE 6/1119 ii 4 and 13 (OB), Qd-aq(text -ka) -qa-da-niBE 15 48:4 (MB); PN DUMU Qa-qa-[d]a-niKAJ 14:22 (MA), Qaq-qa-da-nu ABL 444:7,Qaq-qa-da-a-ni ABL 590:6, SAG.DU-a-nuABL 197 r. 1, 492:7, SAG.DU-a-ni TCL 967:18 (all NA).

b) referring to birds and insects: seeHh. XVIII, Uruanna III, in lex. section.

c) referring to plants: see Hh. XVII,Uruanna II, in lex. section; Y SAG.DU-a-na

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*qaqqadainu(among drugs) Kocher BAM 320:37, parallelibid. 205:42.

2. important, influential: ina alikaqd-qd-da-num attama in your city you area man of influence TLB 4 18:24 (OB let.).

For fem. and pl. see *qaqqaddnu2.

*qaqqadainu (fern. qaqqadnitu) adj.; withlarge head, large bulb; MB, NB; wr. syll.and SAG.DU with phonetic complement;cf. qaqqadu.

sum.sag.du SAR : qaq-qa-da-nu-tu (var. qa-qa-da-nu) big-bulbed garlic Hh. XVII 258, var.from RS Recension 144.

i kul.sag.l l(var. .l&) = qaq-qa-da-ni-td Hh.XVII 43a; i nig.dumu.a.ni = qaq-qa-da-[ni-tu],la-bu-bit-[tu] (RS recension 70f.: da-ma-ni-tu, al-mu-me-te) Hh. XVII 103f.

a) referring to plants: see Hh., inlex. section.

b) as personal name: 'Qd-qd-da-ni-tum BE 17 22:5 (MB); PNA m Qaq-qa-da-ni-turn Camb. 306:5; as "family name": PNmdrulu §a PN 2 DUMU mQaq-qa-da-ni-tumNbn. 293:5, wr. SAG.DU-ni-ti ibid. 33, SAG.DU-ni-tum Nbn. 700:4 and 13, 722:12, wr.m SAG.DU--a-ni-t[um] VAS 6 170:5, Qaq-qa-da-n[i-tu] (same person) VAS 4 178:2,SAG.DU-an-ni-tum ibid. 188:3, Peiser Ver-trage 105:10, 102:12, cf. also ibid. 108:6, VAS 6247:12, Nbn. 34:4 (all NB).

qaqqadu (kaqqadu) s.; 1. head (as partof the body), 2. person, self, 3. headof an organization, leader, 4. top, toppart, 5. beginning (of time spans), 6.original amount, principal, 7. (a stone),8. (in idioms), 9. head tax; from OAkk.on; pl. qaqqaddtu; wr. syll. and SAG.DU,rarely SAG; cf. mukil qaqqadi, qaqqadanu,*qaqqaddnl, qaqqadu in 8a qaqqadi, $almdt

qaqqadi.[sa-a]n-du SAG.DU = qaq-qa-du Sb I 245; SAG.DU

= qaq-qa-du Hh. I 76; sag.du = qa-aq-qa-duSag Bil. B 29; sa-ag SAG = qaq-qa-du Idu I 125;sag = qa-aq-qa-dum Sag Bil. .B 6; Se.en = sag= qaq-[qa-du] Emesal Voc. II 181; [SA]o = qa-qa-du Ugaritica 5 237 No. 135:3; uzu.a.za.ad,

qaqqaduuzu.sag, uzu.sag.du = qaq-qa-du (followed byqi-tum MIN, see qitu B) Hh. XV 3ff.; uzu.a.za.ad = bi-bi-e-nu = qaq-qa-du Hg. A II 279 (catchline), in MSL 8/2 45, and Hg. B IV 1, in MSL9 34; [sag], [. . .], MINA1.[X], MIN[A.[], a.za.a[d], u4 .9iu.us = [qa-aq-qa]-du Nabnitu I 75ff.;KIN. sur a.za.ad ki-li- il > qd-qd-di UET 793:14;i.kul.sag.lI.e = MIN (= [qa-aq-qa]-du) [6d x]Nabnitu I 80; i-gu UGU = qaq-qa-du, qab-lat qaq-qa-di (var. s[AG.DU]) Diri III 145a-146; [.. . mu]= ... ] qd-qd-di-ia (followed by nakkaptdja) UgumuBil. Section A 8.

mul.sag.2.bi = Qe-er i-na (var. 2-ta) qaq-qa-da-4i Hh. XIV 16; §u-u §U 4 = 'd SAG.§U 4.§U 4.RUSAG.DU hhip-pu-, pur-ru-ru A II/4:65 f.; tu-kuBUL = na-a-gu a SAG.DU Ea I 118, also A I/2:331;sag.bu.bu = nu-u4 qaq-qa-di 5R 16 ii 47 (groupvoc.); kul.kul = ba-nu-u id SAG.DU d SAG.KUL.KUL Nabnitu I 13; [kin. ... ] = [MIN] (= [u]g-lu-rum) sd SAG.DU Izi H App. 42; sag.du.tag.tag.ga, sag.du.ti.ti.ak.a, sag.du.9u.ak.a =MIN (= se-e-ru) §a qaq-qa-di Nabnitu E 262ff.;sag.ge6.ge 6 .ga = Ra-al-ma-at qa-aq-(qa>-di SagBil. B 69; for other refs. see jalmt qaqqadi.

uh.sag. du = MIN (= kal-ma-tum) qaq-qa-di(var.-d[u]) Hh. XIV 254; [...] = [MIN (= kdn-nu) 9d

q]aq-qa-di Nabnitu XXII 40; [gi..ga.rig.s]ag.du = (mul-tu) d qaq-qa-di Hh. VI 14; [...] =ir-ri-it qaq-qa-di-e Nabnitu D a 5f.; gil.bantur.SAG.DU = (pa-aS-u-ru) §d qaq-qa-di Hh. IV 191;gil.al.sa.la = MIN (= al-[lum]) qaq-[qad], gig.al.sag.du = qaq-qa-du al-lum Hh. VIIA 153f.;giL.sag.nig.gul = qaq-qa-du aq-qul-lum ibid.250; gi.sag.apin = qa-qa-du Hh. V 135; [gi].sag.bal = qaq-qad pi-lak-ki Hh. VI 26; gig.sag.gud. si. A = qaq-qa-ad MIN (= a-u-bu) Hh.VIIA 89; na 4 .sag. UD+SAL+HlB = qaq-qa-du MIN(= al-ga-[mi]) Hh. XVI 21; a. A.sag.du = qaq-qa-du eq-lu Hh. XX Section 5:5, also MSL 11171:6'; [sag.sum. AR] = [qaq-qa-a]d fu-mi Hh.XVII 255; uzu.sag.bar.sila = qaq-qa-du MIN(= nag-la-bi) Hh. XV 66; uzu.sag.gu.mur =qaq-qa-du MIN (= ur-u-du) Hh. XV 33, cf. SAG.DUur-'u-du = [...] KBo 1 51 ii 3 (Akk.-Hitt. voc.);[si] g 7 .si.ga = qaq-qad 8i-b[u-ti] Antagal A 58.

muL.mah.ginx(oa M) sag.imin.na : §a kimamuSmahhi seba qaq-qa-da-d who has seven headslike a snake monster Angim III 38 (= 138), cf.muL. sag.imin.na : serru seba qaq-qa-da-Si Stud-ies Albright 345:16; sag.tab.me (vars. sag.maL.ma~ (?), sag.AS.ni) sag i.im.men na.nam me.ri.me 4 na.[nam] : kilallnima qd-qd-da-tu-ni 4itti Iepdni erbi the two of us, our headsare two, our feet are four SBH p. 96 No. 53:1ff.,vars. from dupls. p. 155 No. 55:28ff. and TCL16 pl. 168 No. 95:1; pi.kur.dilmun(NI.TUK.KI).ka sag.ga a ba.ni.in.[luh] : ina birti ladTilmun qaq-qa-du amsi I washed (my) head in a

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qaqqaduwell in the mountain ofTelmun ASKT p. 127:37 f.;[a s] ag si.ga : [me] ana qaq-qa-di apku topour water on the head BiOr 30 165 i 45f.; sag.zu sag.ga.na nam.ba.da.ab.x.[x] : qaq-qad-ka ana qaq-qa-di-ig la taakkan do not put yourhead on his head (addressing a demon) CT 16 11vi 5f., of. sag.ga.ni in.ra sag.gA.a.ni.~6 im.me. in. gar : qaq-qa-su imhagma ana qaq-qa-di-gdikun ibid. 16 vi 12f., also ASKT p. 90-91 ii66f., see Borger, AOAT 1 9:139f.; nam.tar l1i.sag. ga tag.[ga]. zu : namtaru 9a qaq-qad amelitalputu CT 16 33:175f.; .sag u1.ra sag.bimu.un.na. [te] : asakku ana ame7i ana qaq-qa-di-§g itfehi CT 17 9:lf.; ninda sag.ga.na mu.ni. in.gar akalu ina qaq-qa-di-sgi igkun he putbread on his head CT 17 33:12, also ibid. 17;16.Ux(GI§GAL).lu.bi sag.g[a.na] ... u.me.ni.k e §. k e6 : a ameli udtu qaq-qa-su . . . urakkishe bound the head of this man Surpu V-VI 160f.,cf. sag.li.tu.ra,kex(KID) u.me.ni.ke : qaq-qa-di margi rukusma CT 17 24 iv 236 f., also ibid.20:44f., 26:71f.; sag.lu.tu.ra.e6 §u.ug.gar.ra.mu. [db] : ina qaq-qad(var. -qa-du) marqu qdtiina ummudija when I (the exorcist) put my handon the head of the sick person CT 16 4:151f.,also CT 17 22:136; en. i.dMu.ul.lil.le mensag.e du 7 : bel napiti Enlil §a agu ina SAG.DU- Uasmu (see asdmu lex. section) Lugale IX 1;[s]ag.bi sahar nu.dul.la : 9a qaq-qad-su eperila katmu (a demon) whose head is not coveredwith dust ASKT p. 86-87 ii 11, see AOAT 16:84; dara sag.ga.ni si ba.ni.in.dib : turahuina qaq-qa-di-fi i abat he seized the ibex by itshead 5R 50 ii 46f., see Borger, JCS 21 8:69;[sag].bi gi. [erin.babbar mu.n]i.i[n.dui.di ] : ina qaq-qa-d[i-ii li]jdra ukin he fastened(twigs of) white cedar on its (the Anzu-bird's off-spring's) head Wilcke Lugalbanda 59; sag.maisag.lu. 6 ba.an.sum : qaq-qad urzii ana qaq-qad amili ittadin he gave the head of the kid forthe head of the man CT 17 37:18f. (inc.).

sag.du z i.ir : a-Ju-ug-tum qaq-qa-di CT4 3:19and dupls., see MSL 9 106; zag.sag.du.a.ni.ta kir 4 . u.si.a.ni.ta igi [ba.an.du8 .du 8 l.e.ne : itu pat qaq-qa-di-gi adi appi ubdndtilu it=tanaplasubu they inspect him thoroughly from theside of his head to the tips of his toes BiOr 30164 i llf.; sag.du gi. ellag.gur 4.ra.am mi.ni.ib.gur 4.gur 4.re.en : qaq-qa-da-a-ti kimapukki kuppututi uftanagrar (see kupputu adj.) SBHp. 108 No. 56 r. 45f. and dupl., see Landsberger,WZKM 57 23.

sag.zi ka.silim.ma . . . zag.ga.na ba.ni.in. gar : age tairihtu ... ina qaq-qa-di-Id uktin(see agi A lex. section) TCL 6 51 r. 37 f.

sag.gig lii.ra sa mu.un.gA.g4 : muru qaq-qa-di ana ameli illakinma a head ailment wasinflicted on the man CT 17 22:119f.; nig.me.

qaqqadu lagar sag.gig hu.luh.ha.bi : qilu muru qaq-qa-[di] guglitma (see galdtu mng. 3a) ibid. 127f.;sag.gig gu 4.ginx(GIM) in.du7.du 7.e.de : muru$qaq-qad kima alpi ittakkip the head ailment keptgoring like an ox CT 17 21:113f., also 115f.

mar-kas4 qaq-qa-di, ri-kis qaq-qa-di, mu-kil qaq-qa-di = pa-ar-i-[gu] An VII 230i-k; ma-ar-hu =qaq-qa-du Balkan Kassit. Stud. 4 r. 31 (Kassitevoc.).

SAG // re-eg // SAG // qaq-qa-du Lambert BWL82 comm. to line 215 (Theodicy Comm.); [e-l]iSAG.DU-ii // i-pitsAG.DU-Si CT 51 136:13 (comm.on Labat TDP 32:9).

1. head (as part of the body) - a) ofhumans, gods, and demons - 1' dis-orders and wounds: §umma . . murussuana SAG.DU-u ippuS if his illness spreadsto his head Kocher BAM 3 iii 37; ultu ka-x-ii muru SAG.DU from the ....(comes) headache Hunger Uruk 43:7 (list ofdiseases), see also murgu mng. Ic; §ummaamilu SAG.DU-Su itanakkalSu if a man'shead keeps aching BMS 12:121, cf. ana... . la akdl SAG.DU- (he wrote thetablet) in order to avoid headaches CT42 37 r. 18; §umma amilu SAG.DU-8U i,,anabbassu AMT 86,1 ii 3, also KAR 80:1,Labat TDP 22:34 and 38, Kiichler Beitr. pl. 11 iii51, AMT 64,1:4 (= Kocher BAM 494 ii 12), andpassim in med., cf. Summa ina SAG.DU-imahiq KAR 211:7; gumma ,erru SAG.DU-suumma ukdl if a baby's head is feverishLabat TDP 218:10, cf. SAG.DU-8U em hishead is hot CT 23 34:22, SAG.DU-SU Qetahamit AMT 6,9:6 (= Kocher BAM 481); SAG.DU-SU kabit his head feels heavy KocherBAM 3 ii 43; SAG.DU-8u me ukal his headcontains water ibid. 7, ibid. 480 iv 5 (= AMT2,1:4), see also ,ehu; SAG.DU-SU nuppuhhis head is swollen CT 23 33:17; Summakiadssu itarrak SAG.DU-8u imtanaqqutLabat TDP 80:12, dupl. KUB 37 87:13; SAG.DU-su ilaggum his head rings Kocher BAM3 ii 47; SAG.DU-s8 simmzmatquti SI.A.ME§(see matqu usage b) ibid. 9, also CT 23 50:7and 12, RA 53 4:22, 8:35; SAG.DU-8 gubbuhKocher BAM 3 i 54; gardhu a SAG.DU-8. . i. arhuni the fever by which his headwas affected (came from teething) ABL586:11, see Parpola LAS No. 216; umma . . .

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qaqqadu laSAG.DU-8u ig-,i-ma damn ua^ (see ei)CT 40 35:2, also ibid. 6; 6umma §erru i-pitSAG.DU-ii patrat if the .... of an in-fant's head is open Labat TDP 222:44f.,cf. Si-pit SAG.DU-ii nuhhurat Hunger Uruk40:2 (comm. on diagn. omens); ina lipti aqaq-qa-di [.. .] CT 46 49 ii 7; for specificdiseases, eczemas, etc., see a4u A s., di'u,ekketu, kibSu, kiatu, kurdru, kuraJtu,riciktu, ri~itu, sdmdnu.

2' med. treatment of the head: SAG.DU-SU tugallab tagammidma iballut youshave his head, apply a poultice, and hewill get well Kocher BAM 11:3, also AMT16,1:7, CT 23 39 i 4, Kocher BAM 494 i 37 (=AMT 1,2:12), and passim in med., see gullubumng. lb; ina m SAG.DU-su temessi youwash his head with water ibid. iii 6 (=AMT 6,5:6), also ibid. ii 46 (= AMT 64,1:38), 73(= AMT 3,5:6) and 77, CT 23 50:21, 34:24; SAG.DU-su tapal4a you anoint his head KocherBAM 3 ii 17, also ibid. 494 ii 76 (= AMT 3,5:9),CT 23 26:7, and passim in med., cf. napSaltiSAG.DU AMT 64,4:7; SAG.DU-SU teser CT23 34:23, and see Nabnitu E 262ff., in lex.section; SAG.DU-8u tuqattar you fumigatehis head CT 23 26:11; 3 umi SAG.DU-SUtaeammid you bandage his head for threedays AMT 5,1:12, also AMT 36,2 ii 2, 16,1:6,cf. Kiichler Beitr. pl. 9 ii 36, CT 23 37 iv 14,and passim in med., cf. nagmatti SAG.DU RA53 2:9 and 4:12; ina Samni SAG.DU-u tu=kaa you cool his head with oil KocherBAM 394 i 34 (= AMT 1,2:9), also ibid. ii 27(= AMT 64,1:19), AMT 65,5 r. 8, oil ana SAG.DU-ti tanaddi you put on his head AMT105 iv 9 and 13, cf. AMT 4,7:8, Kocher BAM 3 iv27, and passim in med.; lipta 3-Si ana muhhiSAG.DU-di tamannu you recite the incan-tation three times over his head CT 2334:35; INIM.INIM.MA ki-sir qa-qa(?)-diDU -ri (= patdri) ST T 72:40, 251:6, see BorgerHKL 2 93.

3' to strike, cut off, scald, etc. the head(as revenge or punishment): for refs. withnakdsu, see nakdsu mngs. 2a and 6a, seealso niksu mng. 3d, naksu usage c; kma

qaqqadu lakarpitim ha-<dp>-e-tim qd-qd-si ihappi(the demon) will break his head like abroken pot Belleten 14 226:42 (Iriium); lutirahha ERfN.I ... UZU.SAG.DU ajabi4ulet the troops (of the king, my lord) shatterthe heads of his enemies EA 141:33 (let.from Beirut); Lamatu's third name is patruga SAG.DU ilattu sword that splits thehead 4R Add. p. 10 to pl. 56 i 3 and dupls.(Lamattu); ne-'-ir SAG.DU mdhi muhhiHunger Uruk 40:6; SAG.DU.MEE - i-nu inagupni a ade e'il (see gapnumng. Ib) AKA308 ii 43 (Asn.); asztu a SAG.DU.ME inaput dlilu argip I stacked a pile of headsin front of his city 3R 7 i 16, and passimin Shalm. III and Asn., see asitu mng. 2;k Sa SAG.DU a hurdpi anniu qat[ipuni... SAG.D]U a PN lu qatip as the headof this spring lamb is cut off, so may thehead of PN be cut off (if he breaks thetreaty) AfO 8 24 i 26, also ibid. 22ff.; the bodyof PN adi SAG.DU kizlu together withthe head of his attendant Streck Asb. 60vii 41; SAG.DU fa bet hitti a issiu iz[zi=zuni] the head of the criminal who stoodthere with him ZA 51 134:20 (NA); qzraana SAG.DU-a itabbuku they will pourbitumen on her head (as punishment)KAV 1 v 76 (Ass. Code § 40), see also kapdruA mng. 4.

4' pouring oil over the head in legalceremonies: gamna qd-qd-si-nu pai6their (the buyer's and seller's) heads areanointed with oil JCS 9 92 No. 59:10 (OB);altapak i.GI§ ana SAG.DU-6a u uzakkfcaI poured oil on her (the slave girl's) headand (thus) freed her Syria 18 253 RS 8.208:8;note iguld ana SAG.DU-u tatabbak youpour fine oil over its (the figurine's) head(and give it in marriage to a piglet) KAR66:10 (rit.); umma a'Zu lu amna anaSAG.DU itbuk if a man either pours oilon the head (of a girl) (or brings dishesof food for the wedding banquet) KAV1 vi 19 (Ass. Code § 43), also ibid. 15 (§ 42);[ki ... I.GI]§.ME§ [ana qa] -aq-qa-ti-laittab[ku] when he poured oil on her head

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qaqqadu laEA 29:23 (let. ofTuhratta), cf. 1.MES ana SAG.DU-Su ilkunu EA 51:6; ina ?mi 1.SAGDoTG.GA ana SAG.DU DUMU.[SAL] it[buku]KUB 3 24+ :5 (let.); in rit. context: tabaki[§amni] Sa SAG.DU ina libbi la t(b (thehouse) is not a suitable place for pouringoil on the head ABL 378:21, see Parpola LASNo. 195; see also habannatu usage a.

5' other symbolic gestures: SAG.DUassinni lilput ajdbi6u ika4Sad (see assinnuusage b) CT 4 6 Bu. 88-5-12,11 r. 14, see KB6/2 46; for qaqqada lapdtu see lapdtu mng.lb-1'.

6' headgear and clothing for the head:Sin ina muhhi 'ibirri kammus 2 age inaSAG.DU-gi [. . .] (see kamasu A mng. 4c)ABL 923:12 (report on a dream); see also agqiAmng. 1a-2'd', kulilu mng. la; lu uddu6parsigu a qaq-qa-di-u (var. SAG.DU-6g)let the band on his head be new Gilg.XI 242, also 251, of. TUG.BAR.SI §a qd-qd-adDN TCL 11 245:14 (OB); until the eclipseclears nige mati $ubdt SAG.DU-ii-nUina M ina lubdra4unu SAG.DU-su-nukatmu (see lubdru mng. lg-2) BRM 46:21, also ibid. 44, and see katamu lex. sec-tion and mngs. la, 5a; TUG tapsi SAG.DU-su apir his head is covered with atapszi headdress UVB 15 40:7 (rit.), also ibid.13, cf. taps ina SAG.D[U ... ] BBR No.70:6; see also maginnu; i'-pu-ur ka-aq-qd-as-sd 6absutam ipu6 she covered herhead and performed the midwifery Lam-bert-Millard Atra-hasis 62 I 284, cf. a-par 6dSAG.DU BRM 4 32:4 (med. comm.); kall2SAG.DU-su ipattar the lamentation priestuncovers his head KAR 60:17, TuL p. 110:7;qaq-qa-da-a ki ipturu ina kudurra §a tik=kulu ihtaqqanni (see kudurru D) YOS 7128:17; nigu gabbi SAG.DU-su-nu DUg.ME§all the people uncovered their heads BHTpl. 14 iii 24 (Nbn. Chron.), cf. ipatfaru SAG.DU-su-nu izakkaru mdmit they bare theirheads and swear an oath BHT pi. 9 v 26(Nbn. Verse Account), of. SAG.BI DU 8 youuncover its (the figurine's) head KAR 178r. vi 40 (hemer.); harimtu la tuptarqan SAG.

qaqqadu laDU-sa pattu a prostitute may not veilherself, her head is (to be) uncovered KAV1 v 67 (Ass. Code § 40), cf. ibid. 64; kubdu Saina SAG.DU-id aknu a PN ai the capwhich is placed on my head is that ofPN ABL 326 r. 7, cf. ibid. 9 (NB); for kubu6qaqqadi see kublu mng. Ic.

7' descriptions: 6ummasinnituulidmaSAG.DU nigi gakin if a woman gives birthand (the child) has a lion's head LeichtyIzbu II 1, and passim in similar expressions in thistablet, also if a woman gives birth totwins and qaq-qa(q) -da-tux(D) -u-nutibuta Labat Suse 9 r. 37; SAG.DU-S8 SAG.DU nevi her (Lamagtu's) head is the headof a lion 4R 58 iii 38; gedu(?) lemnu SAG.DU qate §a LU.ME§ the evil gedu withhuman head and hands ZA 43 16:44, cf.ibid. 46, 17:49 (SB lit.); SAG.DU SAG.DU Q$rithe head is a snake head MIO 1 72 ii 52(descriptions of representations of demons), andpassim in similar expressions in this text, alsoSAG.DU arkatu sisU ibid. 76 iv 49.

8' hair on the head: sissikti qubdtiuu itqam §a qa-qa-di-u ana ~er beTija ugtd:bilam I sent (a piece of) the fringe ofhis garment and a lock from his head tomy lord ARMT 13 112 r. 13'; choose beau-tiful weaver women §a itu quprim adigdrtim Sa qa-qa-di-im ummanam la i6dwho have no .... from top to toe (lit.from toenail to the hair of the head) ARM10 126:14; umma amilu . . . rat SAG.DU-

ci iiahhuh if a man's hair falls out KocherBAM 3 ii 27, also CT 23 32:8, AMT 3,2:6 (=Kocher BAM 499 ii 7), cf. drat SAG.DU sinniiti kale (incantation) to keep a woman'shair (from falling out) AMT 3,2: 15; [ummaperet SA]G.DU-gi zuqqupat if the hair ofhis head stands straight up Labat TDP30:101, cf. ibid. 102ff., also Syria 33 125 r. 5,of. Idrat SAG.DU-6 GUB.GUB-Z CT 2328:26; peret SAG.DU- sdmat the hairof her head is red Hunger Uruk 40:7; ummatzranu ina SAG.DU amil imitta sahru ifthe whorl of hair on a man's head iscurled to the right Kraus Texte 1 r. 7 and

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qaqqadu la2a:1; gdrat SAG.DU-Si a ina 6umeliu abithe held his hair with his left hand ZA43 16:42 (SB lit.); amzlutu eli Adrat SAG.DU-8i anni a ... [ma]'da man's sins aremore numerous than the hairs on his headJNES 33 284:6; obscure: ga adrat SAG.DU-Id ma-ku-tum ri-ib AfO 24 83:2 (comm. on

Labat TDP); eumma uruh SAG.DU-id ber(see beru C adj.) Labat TDP 20:18ff.; seealso Sibtu "grey hair"; (a slave girl) qa-qa-sa kazir her head is coiffed Iraq 4192 TR 2083A+ :20 (NA); 5 GA.RIG SAG.DUGI§.KU five combs made of boxwood forthe head CT 47 83:11, cf. 3 GI§.GA.RfGSAG.DU BE 6/1 84:25 (both OB dowry lists);see also Hh. VI 14, in lex. section.

9' in figurative use: attama illa inamuh qa-qa-di-ia taakkan you extendprotection over me PBS 1/2 35:20 (MB let.);hattu Sa ili u Sarri ina qa-aq-qa-di-4ulilMakin (see hattu A usage a) MDP 24381:17, also MDP 23 282:26, 322:13, MDP 24338:14, MDP 22 16:29; ilSu u itaru inaSAG.DU-i ana uzuzzi that his god andgoddess stand by him Kocher BAM 445:8,cf. the evil portended by a bird §a inaSAG.DU ameli izzizu AnBi 12 285:66 and 68(namburbi); Anu Enlil u Ea Sa ina SAG.DU§a Sarri belija kun-nu-ni Anu, Enlil, andEa, who are constantly present with theking, my lord ABL 1285 r. 26 (NA); PN aMarduk SAG.DU-s8 ana dd[ki lid]dinu PNwhose head Marduk should mark fordeath ABL 791:5 (NB); referring to an army:[mnu] ... qd-qd-ad ummdnim idti imhaquna when he smote the head of thatarmy Speleers Recueil 4 ii 4, cf. mdthi qd-qd-ad ummdn GN CT 21 1 BM 91084:10 (bothOAkk.), and see mahdqu mng. lb-4', mihiSAG.DU (nakri) Labat Suse 6 i 6 and 33, andsee mihsu mng. 5a; uncert.: ussahhir qaq-[q]a-du (var. SAG.DU) bint ameluiti (thefever) turned back the .... of humanbeings AfO 23 43:22 (fire inc.); Summa laqd-qi-di-kd if you are not too personallyinvolved TCL 4 18:5 (OA let.); ,a-lam SAG.ME§ Lambert BWL 162:10 (MA), parallel

qaqqadu laga-al-ma-at qa-qa-di ibid. 155:5 (OB); forother refs. see salmdt qaqqadi.

10' other occs.: ina qd-qd-di-im ziSdrum wind, depart from the head (fol-lowed by ina inim, etc.) Iraq 6 184:4 (OBinc.); [qd-qd-a] d-ki tetend you leaned yourhead (on me) JCS 15 9 iv 20 (OB lit.); seealso na4i v. mng. Id-1'; qd-qd-ad-ka lumesi let your head be washed Gilg. M. iii11 (OB); ikun qaq-qad-s[u] (var. SAG.DU-[su]) ina mu[hhi u] Sadd igpuk (Marduk)set her (Tiamat's) head in place, he pileda mountain on top of it En. el. V 53; [ia]mdse qaq-qa-da-[te] iqabbiu those whowash heads say ABL 669:11, see ParpolaLAS No. 270; see also hardru B usage b,cf. epra ina SAG.DU-Si liddi AMT 90,1:14(= Kocher BAM 449 ii 14); qa-qa-su iqqabbirits (the child's) head will have to be buriedARM 6 37 r. 9'; Enlil SAG.DU.MU DN is myhead Maqlu VI 1, also VII 50, IX 99, LBAT1601 r. 9, cf. dfD SAG.DU.MU Maqlu VI 98and 101, IX 113; SAG.DU-ka dIM a gamuergeti kima kilkatte [...] your head isAdad, who [...] heaven and earth likea smith KAR 102:22; kudurru ina SAG.DU-ia(var. -ia) aggima ugazbil ramani (see kudurru B mng. la) Borger Esarh. 20 Ep.21:15, cf. VAB 4 62 ii 67 (Nabopolassar); Summasuluppina SAG.DU-zi nai if (in a dream)he carries dates on his head Dream-book331 ii 13, cf. ibid. 14ff.; hah . . . amahhahatabbak ana SAG.DU raggati Simtiki (seemahdhu mng. lc-2) Maqlu III 117, cf. IX 51;meh dannu SAG.DU ut-ti-ik PBS 1/1 14:7;ikammam ana Ea unali SAG.DU-[U] (seeqaqqaru mng. la-1') En. el. II 87; SummaUR.ME ana muhhi SAG.DU amii Fi if amoth climbs onto a man's head CT 38 44 BM30427:5 (SB Alu); Summa zuqaqipu qabalSAG.DU- i RA-SU if a scorpion stings himon the middle of his head CT 40 27 K.3974+r. 8 (SB Alu); ki . .. kudurra G1o-id ultuSAG.DU-id iM 2 (see kudurru D) YOS 761:7; ultu SAG.DU-Id adi kibis Iepeu fromhis head to his soles (he gave him a soundbeating) STT 38:102, 134, 155, see AnSt 6

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qaqqadu Ib154f. (Poor Man of Nippur); ultu SAG.DU-iadi GIR"- 4 i dlnu ... li-hi-[ib] shall hepurify his body from head to foot?K.4721:10 (tamitu, courtesy W. G. Lambert).

b) of animals - 1' in lit.: see 5R 50,Wilcke Lugalbanda, CT 17 37, in lex. section.

2' in med. and rit.: SAG.DU kairitaqallu (see ka$fru D) AMT 74 ii 22, dupl.Kocher BAM 124 ii 49; SAG.DU (var. SAG)kurki ... tapd4 you crush the head of agoose (and other ingredients) AMT 42,5:14,var. from Kocher BAM 473 i 20, also AMT 92,6:4,Kocher BAM 398 r. 40; SAG.DU- 6 tanakkisyou cut off its head (that of a male iugrhurri) Biggs Saziga 54 i 12 (Bogh.), also ibid. 60KUB 37 80:5, 26:10, CT 23 35:38, AMT 76,6:10;see also arabi, dribu mng. Ic, and passimin prescriptions with different animals;SAG.DU.ME§ ana pani Marduk iSakkunuthey put the (sacrificial sheep's) heads infront of Marduk ZA 50 194:22 (MA rit.);UZU.SAG.DU u kursinndti ... tanaKi youlift up the head and the fetlocks Or. NS40 142 r. 9, also ibid. 13, 141:31, 46; SAG.DUibattuqu they cut off the head (of the kid)KAR 33:17, also RAcc. 140:353, 133:214, cf.SAG.DU immeri tanakkis BBR No. 84:6;EN diki u SAG.DU anne (see diku adj.usage b) BBR No. 100 r. 45, also ibid. 101:3;SAG.DU a immeri ina pani4u [i4akkan]RAcc. 91 r. 1, cf. kardna ana muhhi SAG.DUimmeri ireddi he pours wine on the sheep'shead ibid. r. 3, 90:33, cf. LKA 114:11, see Or.NS 34 126 (namburbi); puhdda annd iltu reiana qanni qaq-qa-di u zibbati this sheepfrom the head to the edge(?) of the headand the tail IM 67692:229 (tamitu, courtesyW. G. Lambert).

3' in omens - a' in gen.: ummaSAG.DU eri amilu ikbus if a man stepson the head of a snake KAR 386:12, alsoibid. 3 and 14; Summa . .. Qeru i~tu hurriSAG.DU-u uS~izma if a snake pokes itshead out of a hole KAR 384:20, cf. CT 4021:12; Summa ieru 2 SAG.DU.ME -Si innasmir if a snake with two heads is seen

qaqqadu lbCT 40 24 K.6294:3, also, WT. SAG.ME-~ ibid.23:32ff., also (said of lizards) KAR 382:2ff. (allSB Alu); umma martum qd-qd-ad gerimubdnum qd-qd-ad erbim ibtani (see erbuusage a) YOS 10 31 xii 46 and 48 (OB ext.);Summa ubdnu kima SAG.DU neSi if the"finger" looks like the head of a lion Bois-sier Choix 44:2 (SB ext.), and passim in this text;if water looks kima SAG.DU nefi CT 3821:79, and passim (with various animals) in thistext (SB Alu); if the oil kima SAG.DU GUDKAR 151 r. 40; GI.DTD.A ... teSerrim ...SAG.DU-nu-u -4d ana libbi tanaddi youcut off (a seven-finger length of) a reedmat, you put (a live lizard) into it headfirst Kocher BAM 147 r. 24, dupl. 148 r. 26;§umma SAG.DU hulami4i akin if he has achameleon's head CT 28 10 K.9222:1 (phy-siogn.), with comm. Hunger Uruk 83:1, and passimin this text.

b' in Izbu: if a ewe gives birth to fivelambs 1 SAG.DU GUD /I LJ 1 SAG.DUUR.MAH 1 SAG.DU UR.BAR.RA 1 SAG.DUUR.KU I/ SAH 1 SAG.DU UDU.NITA GAR.ME§ and one has the head of a bull,variant: man, one the head of a lion, onethe head of a wolf, one the head of a dog,variant: pig, one the head of a sheepLeichty Izbu VI 53; Summa izbu SAG.DU neiiakin if a malformed lamb has the head

of a lion ibid. VII Iff., and passim withother animals in this tablet; if a ewe givesbirth to a lion SAG.DU GUD Sakin and ithas the head of a bull ibid. V 42, also 43ff.,65, 87, cf. SAG.DU-8U SAG.DU si88 ibid. 88,cf. ibid. XVII 76, XX 9ff., XXI 11; Summa izbu2 -ma .. kiSdssunu su-hur-ma SAG.DU-sU-nu 1-ma if there are two malformedlambs, and their necks are turned aroundbut they have only one head ibid. VI 17,cf. SAG.DU.ME §-6u-nU itlupama theirheads are grown together ibid. 19, cf. ibid.20ff.; [Summa] izbu 4innodu ina muhhi SAG.DU-Sid .MES if the teeth of a malformedanimal protrude from the top of its headibid. VII 68; Summa izbum qd-qd-as-sukajdnum Jakinma u anm ina imittim

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qaqqadu lcakin if a malformed animal has a normal

head but a second one lies on the rightside YOS 10 56 ii 11, cf. ibid. 35, iii 21 (OB).

4' in econ. as cut of meat: 20 SAG.DU twenty (sheep) heads Pinches Peek22:20 (NB let.); UZU SAG.DU OECT 1 pl.20:13, coll. Or. NS 13 228; 1 SAG.DU alpiSAG.DU immeri eim isqilu one ox headand one sheep head, (sale) price of hisprebend Peiser Vertrage 96:8 + 123:5 (NB).

5' other occs.: he threw him into prisonAN§E.HI.A-4i qd-qd-dam imtahaq andmarked(?) his donkeys on the head (cf.§imtam tatakan line 74) TIM 2 16:72 (OBlet.).

6' in personal names: Qa-aq-qa-di-zi-bi Jackal-Head MDP 24 394:12, cf. Qa-aq-qa-du-um ibid. 346 r. 1, wr. Ka-aq-qa-du MDP 23 224:32, Ka-aq-qd-du YOS 13349:3f. and seal A.

c) of statues and figurines: SAG.DU$almi Sdu uddi ma uaklil he completelyrestored the head of that statue AfO22 5 iv 34, cf. meali SAG.DU.ME§-fi nestma(see nesH adj. mng. lb-3) ibid. iii 31(Nbn.); er er ina SAG.DU-[i -nu raks]u(see eru) KAR 298:23, also ibid. 30 and 39;6amna ana SAG.[DU] - i tanaddi you pouroil over its (the dog figurine's) head KAR64:15 (namburbi), see Or. NS 36 2, cf. BBR No.48:14.

d) mask, bust: SAG.DU nei tallakkuana ekalli ubbulu they bring the "lion'shead" and the tallakku to the "palace"ABL 366: 11 (NA); aridt hurdhi §a... SAG.JDUkalbi nadrute $urruSin a$cnimma (seearitu A mng. la-2) TCL 3 371, also ibid.379 (Sar.); qa-qa-da-at nesim (as orna-ments) ARMT 13 55:5, also 15; 1 SAG.DUpuhlu Wiseman Alalakh 390:6, also ibid. 4and 10; SAG.DU urme head of a buckADD 1041 r. 3; 1 SAG.DU t-si ZA.GiN ADD937 ii 7; 13 SAG.DU.ME§ burhi (see burhiusage b) AfO 18 304 ii 5 (MA inv.), cf. (inbroken context) ina SAG.DU umame Sa

qaqqadu 2btdmti van Driel Cult of AgAur 102 x 49; SAG.DU pazuzdni Paziizu demon masks ABL1245 r. 4 (NA).

e) said of constellations and stars:Jumma Dilbat ina napdahia SAG.DU eaknatif Venus when rising has a "head" (op-posite: EGIR) ACh Supp. 34:20, also ibid.53:19, and passim in Venus omens in Enuma AnuEnlil; Mars issu libbi SAG.DU MUL.UR.GU.LA issuhur turned back from inside thehead of Leo ABL 519 r. 4 (NA); MUL.tZ //SAG.DU MUL.SUHUR.MAH.KU 6 the Goatstar is the head of Capricorn ACh Ihtar6:22; if Jupiter ana SAG.DU MUL.SIPA.ZI.AN.NA i-ta-nun-ma [...] .... to thehead of Orion VAT 9818:8 (unpub. EnumaAnu Enlil).

2. person, self -a) in OAkk., OA,OB: qd-qd-sd ana 9AM iddin she soldherself (into slavery) Yondorf a (unpub.OAkk.), cited MAD 3 226; abuni ana qd-qi-di-8a iplahma our father became afraidfor himself (text: herself) ICK 1 1:57, cf.ana qd-qd-da-ti-ni niplahmin we wouldhave become afraid for ourselves KTHahn 14:34, cf. also ana qd-qi-di-a e aplahCCT 1 50:14; give the tin and the textilesana tamkdrim kinim a kima qd-qi-di-ku-nu to a reliable merchant who is(as reliable) as yourselves CCT 5 5a:20and 14, also BIN 4 25:14, ier tamkdrikinitim Sa kima qd-qi-di-ku-nu KTS 28:17,also CCT 2 4a:16 and 4b:12, cf. iMten inauhdrika Sa ki q[d-q]i-di-kd Kienast ATHE

62:42, note 6umma tamkdrum la a kimaqd-qi-di-ku-<nu> TCL 19 21:34; ana Sakima qd-qi-di-kad upurma write to yourrepresentative CCT 2 43:8; i4teniA 6 qd-qd-da-ti ina GN ... ubu all togethersix persons were staying in GN OIP27 49a:6, cf. Bilgic, Anatolia 8 148ff. No. 17,No. 2:5, 21f., 25, 28ff. (all OA); note ilumbdni qd-aq-qd-di-ia (see bdni A mng.la-1'b') RA 11 94 ii 19 (Kudur-Mabuk).

b) in peripheral texts - 1' in Bogh.:kme amli SAG.DU-SUi mcssu inaggar u

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qaqqadu 3§a RN madsu SAG.DU-8 . .. inagqar asthe Sun watches over himself and his land,so will he also watch over the land andthe person of Auna§§ura KBo 1 5 i 50f.,56f., and passim in Bogh., see Labat L'Akkadien184; note: zI-ka SAG.DU-ka .. . ZI LUGALSAG.DU LUGAL (in broken context) KUB3 19:6f.; ana SAG.DU belihu ippallad heis attentive to (lit. looks at) his lord MIO1 114:6, also 14 and 16 (Bogh. treaty); total48 SAG.DU.ME§ 48 persons KUB 4 33:1.

2' in RS: [RN ni ildni] annuti qaduSAG.DU-§U aAMatiu mdri4u ... lisuruSuby these (listed) gods, may they protectRN, himself, his wives, his sons (etc.)MRS 9 87 RS 17.338 r. 12, dupl. ibid. 90 RS17.353 r. 16, note ramanka SAG.DU-ka aS=[dtuka] ... ra[man §arri] SAG.DU Sarri

ibid. 86 RS 17.338:6, see UF 6 96 and 118.

3' in Alalakh: seven years (later)Adad ana SAG.Du-ia itturu Adad turnedhis favor toward me Smith Idrimi 30.

4' inEA: [ana 'a]rriEN-[ia] DINGIR.ME§ 5a SAG.D[U-ia] qibima say to theking, my lord, my personal god EA 198:2;UGU SAG.DU-ia mamman §a ittablu anadldni Hrozny Ta'annek 2:15 (coll. E. I. Gordon).

3. head of an organization, leader:ina dlika ka-qa-ad kdrim [.. .] attama youare the head of the merchant communityin your city Kraus AbB 1 36:19; dajdnu §aLarsa u LJ.ME§ qd-aq-qd-da-at dlim anabit ilim Izrubuma let the judges and theleaders of the city enter the temple Spe-leers Recueil 262:8 (OB let.); 2 metim ,dbumqa-qa-da-a[t] GNu GN2 [ip]hurunimma twohundred men, important people from GNand GN 2, gathered ARM 3 75:9, cf. LU.ME§qa-qa-da-tum §a mdtam annitam idluhuthe leaders who caused a disturbance inthis land ARM 5 2 r. 5; obscure: anummaqa-qa-da-tim 6a bu-su-ur(-) [(x) ]-tim a[na]qe[r .. .] uStdbil OBT Tell Rimah 15 r. 2; qd-qd-ad kirim 6udti itu durimma PN-masince olden times PN has been the personresponsible for this orchard Kraus, AbB 5

qaqqadu 4b219 r. 6; ana SAG.DU.ME§ ma ma rekunubilani (the king said) to the leaders:Bring your sons to me (to serve at thecourt) ABL 2 r. 8, see Parpola LAS No. 121;$idundja L.SAG.DU.MES-te la issi mararri belija ina GN illiku the leaders of

Sidon neither went with the crown prince,my lord, to Calah (nor are they in at-tendance at Nineveh) ABL 175:7; urdadnika . .. LU.SAG.DU.ME§ Sa URU.A.URUyour servants, the leaders of the city ofAssur ABL 1238:3 (all NA); PN LU.SAG.DU[...] PRT 113 r. 8; [PN] ... ina SAG.DU-Su-nu altapar I put PNat their (the troops')head VAB 3 55 § 50:86 (Dar.); obscure:GN SAG.DU-ad LUJ.ME§-§u-nu irtub itabsbula KBo 10 1:28, see Melchert, JNES 37 15.

4. top, top part - a) of parts of thebody: Summa §E ina SAG.DU appiu 6akinif there is a mole on the top of his noseKraus Texte 44:24 (physiogn.); idid KA qatanSAG.DU KA rabi the base of the nose isthin, the top of the nose is big (explaining"if a newborn sheep has a face of Hu-wawa") Izbu Comm. 191; there was pusammar SAG.DU ubdni ,eherte as much asthe tip of (one's) little finger ABL 392r. 7, see Parpola LAS No. 254; [u]mma inaqd-qd-ad kurit kappim §a imittim sumumnadi if there is a red spot at the topof the (main) bone of the right wing YOS10 52 iii 18, dupl. 51 iii 19, also RA 61 26:1;Summa ina qd-qd-ad MU§EN ... sumumnadima if there is a red spot on the"head" of the "bird" YOS 10 51 i 23, dupl.52 i 22; r[qd-qd-ad zil (in broken context)ibid. 45:35 (all OB ext.); 6umma kaskasu 2 SAG.DU.ME§-Aiu (see kaskasu mng. Ic) KAR423 i 17; Summa SAG.DU.ME§ GAR-ma SIG5

TCL 6 5 r. 23 (both SB ext.); 4 SAG.DU GABA.ME§ ADD 760:5, etc., see irtu mng. lb-3';see also qaqqad naglabi, ur'udi Hh. XV 66,33, KBo 1 51, in lex. section.

b) of tools, instruments, furniture, etc.- 1' in gen.: (nails) Sa SAG.DU.ME§-Ju-nu K1t.GI with gold heads AfO 18306 iii 8 (MA inv.); Summa martum ressa kima

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qaqqadu 4bqd-qd-ad akkullim if the head of the gallbladder is like the top of an akkullu toolYOS 10 28:3 (OB ext.), also CT 28 46 K.8100:7,CT 31 26 r. 3, BRM 4 13:48 (all SB ext.), seeakkullu usage c; see also allu qaqqad, qaqqadu allu Hh. VIIA 153f., in lex. section;1 GI§ qa-qa-ad epinnim one posteriorpart of the beam of a plow UCP 10 141No. 70:3 (list of implements), cf. 1 GIM.SAG.APIN Aro Kleidertexte 35 HS 188:11 (MB?);if a man's head kima SAG.DU (var. SAG)epinni nadi Kraus Texte 2a r. 25, var. fromr. 35, see MVAG 40/2 92:160; tin and copperana qa-qa-ad jalibim TUR balil alloyedfor a small battering ram head RA 64 25No. 7:5 (Mari); see also Hh. VIIA 89, in lex.section; 1 paSuru SAG.DU burdlu onetable with a top of juniper wood PetschowMB Rechtsurkunden No. 4:1, cf. 1 pa~uiruSAG.DU a GI§.§INIG TCL 11 174 r. 12, alsoSa SAG.DU-SU (var. ka-aq-qd-as-s) GIA.MES CT 2 1:5, var. from ibid. 6:6, 1 GI§.BANAUR qd-qd-di-im a GIA.MES.MA.GAN(!).NA TLB 1 229:17, 1 GI§.BAN§UR

a SAG.DU GI§.MES RA 73 68 AO 4651:2,1 GI§ pa-au-ru SAG.DU JCS 11 35 No. 26:1,BE 6/1 84:22, 101:10, BE 6/2 26 iii 20, PSBA33 pl. 29:10, but cf. 1 GIb pa--u-ur SAG§a elammakki ARM 9 20:31, cf. CT 6 25b:20,(§a bufumti) ibid. 33, also Scheil Sippar 64:1(all OB), 4 GI§.BAN§UR.ME§ SAG.DU82-7-14,1101:5 (NB); 90000 SAG.DU paSlurerabti STT 41:21 (let. of Gilg.), see AnSt 7 128;see also Hh. IV 191, in lex. section; NA 4.AN.ZA.GUL.ME ina muhhi SAG.DU amaria erdi imarruqu (see amaru B) ZA 45

42:26 (NA rit.), cf. SAG.DU amardte CraigABRT 1 78:19 (NA), see Iraq 12 40; 4 SAG.DUkabli AN.TA PBS 8/2 194 iii 9, cf. SAG qd-qd-ad karri a kabli kaspu hummug (seekablu usage a) ibid. 19 (OB); qd-qd-da-atdudindtim top parts of pectorals (inbroken context) BIN 6 179:23 (OA), and seedudittu usage e; 2 a regi SAG.DU Sa NA 4two head rests (?) with glass tops EA14 iii 68, also ibid. 69 (list of gifts from Egypt);gold for 4 SAG.DU.ME S a ippdti Sumer9 34 ff. No. 4:6 (MB inv.), and passim in this text;

qaqqadu 4c1 GI§.MA SAG.DU-sU Sa kaspi (the kingbrought from GN) one boat with a silvertop KBo 10 1 r. 9, cf. (in obscure context)ina SAG.DU elippeti CT 22 74:16 (NB let.).

2' spindle whorl: 1 §uMi SAG.DU pi .lakki 30 §a bini 30 §a musukkanni sixtyspindle whorls, thirty of tamarisk andthirty of musukkannu wood KAR 223:2,cf. ibid. 6, AMT 46,1 i 24; Jumma §ulmu kimaSAG.DU pilakki if the ulmu mark lookslike a spindle whorl TCL 6 3:31, and passimin ext., see pilakku; NA 4 SAG.DU GI§.BAL(in list of stone charms) Kocher BAM 372iii 4.

3' arrowhead: 50 SAG.DU KAK.v.TAG.GA fifty arrowheads KAJ 310 r. 59, also,wr. SAG.DU li--ta-hi VAS 19 63:1 (both MA);silver to the ackdpu ana SAG.DU filtahu82-7-14,1459:4 (NB); 7 ,iltdhi SAG.DU par:zilli seven arrows with iron heads (usedin rit.) LKA 120:8, also (with bronze and woodheads) ibid. 8f., see Or. 39 142 (namburbi).

c) of topographical features: kddu aPN fa ina SAG.DU mi ir u[Su]zzu (seekddu mng. 1b-1') ABL 210 r. 12; field ultuqaq-qa-du Bit Zabunu adi humeldti fromthe border of GN to the .... BIN 1 159:1,cf. SAG.DU alu (see alu A mng. 2b) BE8 132:4 (all NB); 6 bur qa-qa-ad eqlini PNu tappuu ikimunidti PN and his colleagueshave taken six bur of the best part(?)of our field away from us TCL 7 37:7, alsoibid. 13 (OB); qd-qd-dam a 6ept U.SAL Satepuu lipu6 let him work the top of thelower u4allu field which you have beenworking TLB 4 2:46 (OB let.); qd-aq-qd-da-at eqleti a ina mer[eli] la iml the upperparts(?) of the fields which had not beenfilled (with water) at (the time of) cultiva-tion BE 17 66:9 (MB let.); see also gullubumng. 4; ina qa-aq-qa-ad bz~t qa-ri-e(read-ti?) iddin he gave (barley) at the side (?)of the storehouse RA 23 156 No. 55:2 (Nuzi);adi mule qa-qa-ad dlim eperu la ikuduas long as the earthen ramp did notreach the height of the top of the city

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qaqqadu 4d(wall) (he did not conquer it) ARM1 4:10, cf. iMtu eperu qa-qa-ad dlim ik=Sudu clam 6dti i abat ibid. 15; ina SAG.DU igdr on top of the wall TMB 77 No.153:1 (OB); btu a SAG.DU giru Dar. 64:1,and see gilru B mng. Ib; uncert.: tex-tiles ina SAG.DU KA.GAL HSS 15 249:10;6iddum pitum u ka-aq-qa-du mina GARwhat is the length, width, and top (of thegrain pile)? MDP 34 84:2, also ibid. 14.

d) top of a tree, fruit, pod of a plant:ina lumun 6ubulti a 2 SAG.DU.ME -uagainst the evil (portended) by an ear ofbarley with two heads CT 41 23 ii 8; Summaina libbi eqli §ubultu a 2 SAG.DU.ME§-§6innamir if an ear of barley with twoheads appears in a field CT 39 5:49; kimaSAG.DU kukri ana abhmel la iqarribu (seekukru usage c) Maqlu VI 65, see AfO 21 77;,umma gilimmaru 2 SAG.DU.ME GAR if adate palm has two tops CT 40 44 80-7-19,92+:24ff., and passim in Alu, see LandsbergerDate Palm 12, cf. gisimmaru Sa 6 SAG.DU.ME -ui ittanmar a date palm with sixtops was seen CT 29 48:8 (SB list of prod-igies), and dupl., see AfO 16 262; SAG.DU.ME§GI§.ME§ AfO 18 304 ii 25 (MA inv.); [GiR].UGA Ad 7 SAG.DU.ME§-O crow's foot withseven heads CT 14 10 i 7 (Uruanna), cf. Sepdribi a 7 SAG.DU.ME§-SU AMT 79,1:21,78,2:6, also 88,2:9, haiitu Sa 7 SAG.DU.ME§-§d AMT 105:4, cf. AMT 79,2:11, and seehacutu B.

5. beginning (of time spans): kizma iituka-qd-ad ebiri 6e'am la iSi (do you notknow) that since the beginning of har-vest time I have not had any barley?Kraus AbB 1 89:5; SAG.DU ITI §i it is thebeginning of the month ABL 78 r. 2, alsoABL 352:14, see Parpola LAS No. 44, also ABL330:7, 492:4, 726:6; ina SAG.DU ii eli SaMN at the beginning of the new god (i.e.,moon) of MN RA 65 85:4, also ADD 53:3,57:5, 105:5, ABL 544 r. 7, Iraq 16 41 ND 2319:6,Tell Halaf No. 111: 1, umu ellu ki SAG.DU ITI-ma ABL 354:16 (all NA).

qaqqadu 6b6. original amount, principal - a) in

OB: qd-qd-ad kaspim ana tamkdrim utdrhe will return the original amount of silverto the merchant CH § 102:22; ana UD.10.KAM qd-aq-qd-ad kaspim ippalukiwithin ten days they will repay you theoriginal amount of the silver PBS 7 38:13;Sa 16(?) liqil kaspim gibtum ana ka-qd-diiturma the interest on 16 (?) shekels ofsilver was recapitalized TCL 18 147:20;qaq-ka-di kaspim u a requ suranim writeme what the original amount of silver wasand what is missing(?) VAS 16 88:8, seeFrankena, AbB 6 88; 1 GIN KUT.BABBAR SAG.DU A.rGAR1 me-re-,um 9A x x x a E.GALGrant Smith College 262:1; if a merchantgibdtim ana SAG.DU uftehhi adds the in-terest to the principal PBS 5 93 ii 5 (CH§ 92), in Driver and Miles Babylonian Laws 2 40§ 0; ulu ki ma ,ibtam u abu uluma kimaqa-aq-qa-da-am-ma ina eburim utarru(see gibtu A mng. lb-3) ARM 2 81:18, cf.ibid. 35; x barley SAG.B[I] TCL 11 213:1,wr. SAG ibid. 211:1; SAG KU I.LA.E UET5 345:18; 4 GUR §E S[AG] X GIN KU.BABBARSAG 3 UDU.X.HI.A SAG Jean gumer et Akkad214: 1ff., also (var. SE.HAR.RA on tablet) CT 472a:3, and passim in loans; note, wr. SAGXDUJCS 9 63 No. 11:1, 13:1; NfG.AID X AE GURSAG.DU Sa MU ... accounting for x bar-ley, principal from the (named) year Riftin89:1; kanikam ana qd-qd-ad uhinni izibissue a sealed document about the originalamount of unripe dates TCL 1 30:33; notereferring to persons: PN qd-qd-ad redim aPN2 tahhalu PN, the actual soldier, whosesubstitute is PN2 JCS 7 92 No. 19:1, also 93No. 21:2, 94 No. 22:1, see Landsberger, JCS 9 122n. 9.

b) in peripheral texts: x kaspu SAG.DUa PN eli PN2 x silver, the principal, which

PN2 owes PN Wiseman Alalakh 26:1, cf. ibid.27:1, 28:6 and 13; mala a ihalliqu SAG.DU-u-nu-ma umalli2 (see mal v. mng. 6e)

MRS 9 154 RS 17.230:18; uncert.: uniteSunuu SAG.DU-Su-nU ina dannuttimma ue 8i2snim Ugaritica 5 20 r. 9 (let.); ina arki eb&ri

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qaqqadu 6c

x §E.ME§ SAG.DU-§u-ma . . . utdr afterthe harvest he will return x barley, theprincipal only HSS 9 81:5, also ibid. 83:8,84:7, 76:6, and passim in Nuzi, cf. §E.ME§SAG.DU utdr IM 73260:15 (courtesy A. Fadhil),also ina SAG.DU utdr JEN 540:30, ana SAG.DU-u-ma inandin HSS 15 244:10, note:§E.ME§ qa-dum SAG.DU-ma ... utdr u.nutu HSS 9 43:12; note: x §E PN x E.ME§ PN2 SAG.DU-§U utarru (contrastedwith §E.ME§ itti MAS-SU utarru line 22,etc.) HSS 13 132:4 and 51; 15 GfN kaspamSAG tappti itti PN PN2 ilqe PN2 borrowedfrom PN 15 shekels of silver, the capitalto be used for a partnership MDP 23 274:1,ina ialdm girri u kaspam SAG utd[r] aftercompletion of his business trip he willreturn the silver capital ibid. 7; x silverSAG itti PN PN2 ilqe MDP 22 30:1, also ibid.23:1, 26:1, and passim in loans in Elam, cf. inaeburim 5 GIN kaspam qa-aq-qa-da-ma utdrat harvest time he will return the principalof five shekels of silver MDP 23 190:10,wr. qa-(aq-) qa-dam-ma ibid. 181:16, MDP 24345:5, and passim, wr. SAG-ma MDP 23 188:7,cf. SAG-ma KUI i.LA.E MDP 24 343:8.

c) in MA: annaka arpa hurda §a laakdli SAG.DU-ma ilaqqe he (the father-in-law) may take back just the originalamount of tin, silver, gold, whatever is notedible (from the bridal gifts) KAV 1 iv 38(Ass. Code § 30), cf. abna u mimma §a laakali SAG.DU-ma utdr ibid. vi 38 (§ 43); ana5 urhi SAG.DU e'i ina libbi dli imandadafter five months he will measure out theprincipal of the barley in Assur KAJ 63:8,also 58:9, 60:8, 67:7, Assur 3 18 No. 4:7, note:SAG §E-§u ina adrdte imaddad VAS 19 8:15,6umma SAG se-am ina adrdte la imtadadIraq 30 pl. 63 TR 3022:16; SAG.DU annikiihiat Assur 3 14 No. 3:10, VAS 19 19:9, KAJ17:9, also 14:8, 16:7, 53:7, Iraq 30 pi. 63TR 3021:7, and passim; SAG.DU kaspiihiat KAJ 39:9, cf. KAV 143:12 (Ass. Code G);note: SAG.DU libitti iddan KAJ 86:7,SAG.DU gurri[ti iddan] (see agurratu)KAJ 96:6.

qaqqadu 6ed) in NA: x silver SAG.DU §a PN ina

pan PN 2 the principal, belonging to PN,at the disposal of PN2 ADD 34:1, also ADD32:1, 35:3, 103:1, AJSL 42 233 No. 1187:2, andpassim, (referring to copper) ibid. 263 No. 1246:2,ADD 31:2, 43:1, 162:1, (to barley) ADD 137:1,140:1, 141:1, (to wine) ADD 126:4; ina MNkaspa ina SAG.DU-AU iddan in MN he willrepay the silver in its original amountADD 66:4, also ADD 33:5, 13:7, TCL 9 61:9,and passim; §E.PAD.ME . . . ina adri a-naSAG.DU-§d <iddan> ADD 133:4, cf. SE.BAR. . . ina MN a-na SAG.DU- d ... iddanADD 148 edge 1; SAG.DU kaspi ina muhhi§E taramme iakkan (if) he deposits theprincipal of the silver on the barley heaps(i.e., repays the loan, he redeems hispledged land) ADD 83 r.(!) 2, see PostgateNA Leg. Docs. 23:11, also ADD 629:15.

e) in NB: x SE.BAR SAG.DU §a PNina muhhi PN2 ina MN 9E.BAR ana SAG.DU-ii inandin x barley, principal, belonging

to PN, charged against PN2, in MN he willrepay the barley in (the amount of) theprincipal of it RA 25 78 No. 10:1 and 4, cf.x barley SAG.DU §a PN ina muhhi PN 2

TuM 2-3 81:1, also VAS 3 155:1, 84:1, BRM 144:1, and passim, cf. (said of dates) VAS 6 130:1,TCL 13 159:1, TuM 2-3 67:1, 95:1, and passim,(said of silver) BRM 1 36:1, VAS 4 156:2, TuM2-3 55:1, 110:1, TCL 12 42:2, Nbn. 112:1, andpassim; X §E.BAR SAG.DU U hubullu x bar-ley, the principal and the interest TuM2-3 90:1, also VAS 3 137:2, cf. dates SAG.DUhubuttutu VAS 3 118:1; ina MN . .. Kt.BABBAR SAG.DU- 2i tanandin in MN shewill repay the principal of the silver(owed) Nbn. 82:7, ina MN ina SAG.DU-iiiinandin Camb. 161:6, also Nbk. 22:5, Nbn. 4:5,Dar. 415:5, VAS 4 71:6, 157:5, TuM 2-3 41:4,and passim, also (said of barley) VAS 3 30:8,10:5, BRM 1 48:6, TuM 2-3 76:5, and passim,(said of dates) ina SAG.DU-ti-nu inandinNbn. 575:7, VAS 3 38:5, AnOr 8 68:5, Dar. 448:6,Camb. 335:7, and passim; ina MN gidil a Agimibabbanz ina SAG.DU-iM inandin Evetts Ner.68:7, also Nbk. 309:5, BRM 1 60:14; ina MN

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qaqqadu 7kaspa SAG.DU u hubullu tanandin in MNshe will pay the silver, principal and in-terest TuM 2-3 47:7; ina SAG.DU kaspiSuPN ... mahir PN (the creditor) received (xsilver from the debtor) from the principalof his silver VAS 4 175:3, also 176:4,61:6, TuM 2-3 128:1; x silver SAG.DU akiu'ilti4u fPN... mahrat the principal, fPNhas received in accordance with her con-tract Peiser Vertrage 119:6, cf. VAS 4 177:10,188:5; SAG.DU u hubullu PN ... mahir PNreceived (dates), the principal and in-terest Dar. 400:6, also VAS 4 166:6; put SAG.DU kaspi PN nazi PN guarantees (repay-ment of) the principal of the silver Nbn.1013:12, also VAS 4 163:8, TCL 13 184:13, Dar.359:8; adi muhhi §a fPN kasapSu SAG.DU uhubullu talallimu until 'PN pays in full thesilver she (owes), principal and interestVAS 4 21:12; SAG.DU kaspi4u PN etir PNhas been paid back the principal of hissilver Jastrow, Oriental Studies of the OrientalClub of Philadelphia 116:8; nddindnu kaspa kipzu'ilti ina SAG.DU -2i ana mahirdu inan:din (see mahirdnu usage b-1) SPAW 1889pl. 7 ii 20 (NB laws); lipdtu SAG.DU 6ipdtuhidu 4ipdtu rehi original amount of wool,wool weighed out, remaining wool(heading of a table) BIN 1 176:8; note xbarley SAG.DU qa-ir (for kari, for mng.see karU A mng. 2) Cyr. 90:9, wr. SAG.DUqa-ri ibid. 26; note in non-legal context:x barley SAG.DU gind the original amountof the regular offerings RAcc. 76:22.

7. (a stone, reading uncert.): na 4.sag.du = [...] Hh. XVI 327; NA 4.SAG.DU(among other stones) AMT 102 i 21 and(beside NA 4.SAG.KI) ibid. 31, cf. AMT 103 ii 31, 105iv 5; 2 <NA 4> SAG.DU Kocher BAM 355:4;NA4.SAG.DU (connected with certain daysin hemer.) Weidner Gestirn-Darstellungen 41:4,42 r. 8; if he does not pay NA 4.SAG.DU8a Kt (?).GI utdrima ana PN inandin hewill return the ... .-stone of gold (?) andgive it to PN TCL 12 47:7 (NB).

8. (in idioms) - a) as direct object(arranged alphabetically according to

qaqqadu 8averbs) - 1' abdlu - a' to act impudently:if you employ a man who lacks disciplinehe will drop his work and run away beliSdinma a tanattaluma ka-qd-as-su la ub:balu mulli employ only a man who isdisciplined, who when you consider himdoes not act impudently TLB 4 3:24; awz:lum ina pani ERIN.ME§ GN qd-qd-as-su it.tabalma the gentleman acted impud-ently(?) in the presence(?) of the peopleof GN (and has not yet brought you thebarley) CT 52 71:11; for Sum. sag. tim,the literal correspondent to qaqqadaabalu, see magirtu; eqlam PN uSizma PNqd-qd-su ubilma eqlam PN2 PN3 ... anaPN4 (?) [an] a erreSutim iddinu PN rented afield but PN acted impudently, so PN2and PN3 gave the field to PN4 (?) in tenancyVAS 8 113:2 (= 114:2).

b' (uncert. mngs.): qd-qd-di ana sunikaatbalam I placed(?) my head in yourlap VAS 16 104:9; aum mdratPN... qd-qd-di attanabbal TCL 17 69:29.

2' emedu - a' ummudu to put one'strust in someone: the god knows qd-aq-qd-di ina birkikama lu um-mu-ud that myhead rests (confidently) in your lap Bagh.Mitt. 2 59 iv 13; andku qa-aq-qa-di ana ekallim u-um-ma-a-ad u ana pihat dlim dtuazzaz I will put my trust in the palaceand take responsibility for that townSumer 14 19 No. 3:23 (both OB letters).

b' utemudu to get together: PN andPN2 swore an oath to each other puhurqa-qa-da-ti-6u-nu uStemidu and they allmade common cause ARM 10 5:11, alsoibid. 7, akkima. . . qa-qa-da-ti-n[i] nuStem:meduma (write) so that we can get to-gether ARM 2 62 r. 13; kmna qa-qa-da-ti-ku-nu tugStidama ana PN panzilunu taSkuna (he wrote) that you have joinedforces and turned to PN OBT Tell Rimah3:4, also 11; qa-qa-da-ti-ku-nu iutemidaibid. 4:25; for other OB refs. see emidumng. 6a.

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qaqqadu 8a3' kabatu - a' to be honored: see

kabdtu mng. 3b.b' kubbutu to honor: ilu §a bit abiki

id& qd-qd-ad-ki uktabbit the god whoknows the house of your father honoredyou OBT Tell Rimah 118:12, ina dl wabdtiqd-qd-ad-ki likabbitu let them honor youin the city where you live ibid. 119:6, also120:22; atti qd-qd-di kubbitima u andkuqd-qd-ad-ki lukabbit show me honor andthen I will show you honor CT 52 151:4f.;mddi qd-q-di tu[ka]bb[itama] youhonored me greatly TLB 4 35:35; note[q]a-qa-ad b[i-ti-x ku-ub-bi]-ti CT 4879:17 (coll. Kraus, RA 68 112); for other refs.see kabdtu mng. 5; note: DN.. . qd-qd-dam ka-ab-tam lilkunkama may DN pro-vide honor for you TLB 4 52:6 (all OB let-ters).

4' kullu - a' to be in readiness for:they have no leader qa-qa-su-nu anaElahuttim ukallu they are ready to goover to GN CRRA 18 63 A 49:49 (Mari let.),and see kullu mng. 5e-1'.

b' to be a guarantor for someone: seekullu mng. 5e-2'.

5' mahdSu: see mahdu mng. 4e and4f; alar ana kaspim qd-qd-ad-ni mahunidi-ni-a-ti-ma lu niAqul since we havepledged ourselves to (pay) the silver, sueus and then we will pay C 15:8 (unpub.OA, courtesy B. Landsberger); for Kienast ATHE44:25 see mahu usage b.

6' pasasu to cancel: qd-aq-qd-ad ter:tim apassas I will cancel the assignmentTCL 17 12:20.

7' qaldlu to come to shame: see qa.dlu mng. 2b; qullulu to dishonor: seeqaldlu mng. 4b.

8' raSi (mng. uncert.): aSum bitijae-li-ia-a PN qa-qa-dam irizima u ina bztijaugininnima 6dtu uieribudu PN wonout(?) over me in the case of my house,so that they evicted me from my houseand let him move in ARM 10 90:23.

qaqqadu 99' akdnu to turn against someone:

Itar ana nakri4u ul i-ak-kan SAG.DU-saIMtar does not turn against its (Uruk's)enemy Thompson Gilg. pl. 59 K.3200:17.

10' aldhu to withdraw (OA): abuniatta aar qd-qi-di-6u a-ld-hi-im milik youare our principal, think of a way in whichhe may back out (lit. withdraw himself)ArOr 47 43:31, cf. mala qd-qd-si ta-Sa-ld-ha-ni milik ibid. 34; atta qd-qd-ad-ka6u-ul-ha-am BIN4 51:46.

b) in prepositional constructions: inaqaqqadi rakdsu to charge a debt to some-one (OA only): kaspum ina qd-qd-ad,almi unu kiniSunu ralis the silver ischarged to them (the creditors) as a jointresponsibility Studies Landsberger 177I552:13,also ICK 1 172:17, RA 59 20 MAH 16206:9,CCT 5 22b:21, ICK 2 45:14, BIN 6 238:16, andpassim in OA, see kznu mng. 2a-2', alsoral-na qd-fqdl-ad almiunu raksu HUCA39 22 L29-566:24, cf. ICK 1 193:12, and passim;kaspum ina qd-qi-di-'u u bitilu rakis CCT1 6c:11, cf. kaspum ina qd-qd-ad PN a:itiSu mer' eu bitiunu u allaniu rakis

Jankowska KTK 106:20; note kaspum ilti PNillakam iti qd-qi-di-§u rakis ICK 2 104:7;note elliptically without rakis: 8a... tup=pam ina qd-qd-ad 6almini talputu CCT 250:16.

9. head tax (OA only): 5 OfN kaspamukulti .uhari u qd-qd-da-tim Sabbu he hasbeen paid five shekels of silver: the foodfor the servants and the "head tax" CCT 540b:22; x ofN qd-qd-da-at 2 quhnrika emuduthey imposed x shekels as "head tax" onyour two servants TCL 14 14:18, cf. qd-qd-da-tim emdama JSOR 11 112 No. 3:5;kima faldm kaspija 1 ofN u qd-qd-da-ti-ma§aldmim epa act so as to save everyshekel of my silver and the "head tax"BIN 4 5:7, see Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 325;15 ofN.TA qd-qd-da-tum 15 shekels eachwas the "head tax" TCL 14 57:5, 10 ofN.TA qd-qd-da-tum TCL 4 106:6, also CCT 221b:11, 9 qd-qd-da-tum 10 GIN.TA TCL 4

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qaqqadu83:11; MA.NA annak qd-qd-da-tim halfa mina of tin for "head tax" BIN 6 231:3,also BIN 4 159:3, KT Hahn 14:34; * MA.NAqd-qu-du-tum ikfudam the "head tax"amounted to two thirds of a mina LB1250:9, cited Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 234;note: 15 GfN qd-qd-ad sdridim BIN 4 29:7.

The alleged variant qad-qa-di in Diri III146 cited ZA 42 149 is based on a misreadingof the beginning of the Middle AssyrianSAG sign (in S[AG.DU]) as qdd.

Ad mng. 2: Landsberger, ZA 35 31. Ad mng. 9:Larsen Old Assyrian Caravan Procedures 171 f.;Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 264ff. On spellingswith k: Knudsen, JCS 15 86ff.

qaqqadu in Aa qaqqadi s.; head covering;Mari, NB(?); cf. qaqqadu.

TJG a SAG.DU Practical Vocabulary Assur 280.

fa ka-qa-di- i-na u TUG.HI.A-4i-na li-su-uh-hu-ma let them remove their head-gear and their garments ARM 1 8:31, cf.subdti u Sa qa-qa-di-ia Seni ARM 10116:17; note (Akk. reading uncert.): TaGSAG.DU 82-7-14,76:4, [TUG.HI.A] SAG.DUSa [DN] 82-7-14,422:1, lubdr SAG.DU Sa DN82-7-14,1862:6, for lubdr ME.SAG.DU agama4 see lubdru mng. lh-2'a' (all NB).

*qaqqadu (a headdress) see sagd4.

qaqqaril see qaqqaruA mngs. la, 8, and 9.

qaqqargum see qaqqaru mngs. la and 9.

qaqqaru A (kaqqaru, kakkaru) s.; 1.ground, soil, 2. terrain, 3. territory,4. plot of land, 5. location, area, region,blank space, 6. open country, 7. surface,area (in math.), 8. the earth, 9. netherworld, 10. floor; from OAkk. on, Akkad-ogram in Hitt. (KUB 26 91 r. 11, Giiter-bock Siegel 1 No. 2:7); pi. qaqqarli, qaqqardtu;wr. syll. and KI.

qa-qar KI = qaq-qa-ru Ea IV 100; [ki-i][KI] = [er-ge-tum], ma-a-tuml, [q]aq-qa-ru AIV/2:181-182; gil.ki.ma = qaq-qar MIN (= oI§.

qaqqaru A la[MA]) Hh. IV 365; [k]i.nam.ti.la = qaq-qarba-la-ti, [k]i.nam.BADu = qaq-qar mu-ti IziC i 30 f.; i u = qaq-qa-rum A 11/4:30.

iz.zi.dir = ni-gi-i#-su, ki.in.dir = MIN qaq-qa-ri Erimhu I 272f.; nig.ki.ki.a (var. nig.ki.gar) = zir-man-du qaq-qa-rum (var. qaq-qar) Hh.XIV 403; giA.iU.AA.KU = MIN (= [8i]m-mil-ti)qaq-qa-ri Erimhu II 274; u.pad = hal-lu-la-ia =gah qaq-qa-ri Hg. A II 273, in MSL 8/2 45; nim.u. pad = hal-lu-la-ia = h[u-zir-tu Id eqli], 4[d-nillah qaq-qa-ri] Hg. B III 18f., in MSL 8/2 47.

ki. u.du g 4 . ga = MIN (= na-qa-ru) id qaq-qa-riAntagal A 50.

za.e e.ne.6m.zu ki.a mu.un.pad.da da.nun.na.kex(KID).e.ne ki.a mu.un.su.ub.su.ub : kdtu amatka ina erreti izakkarma Anunnakiqaq-qa-ru unaAlaqu when someone invokes yourname on earth, the Anunnaki kiss the ground Sjo-berg Mondgott 168 r. 27, cf. BA 10/1 18 No. 9:4and 7; alam nig.sag.il.la.a.ni zfD.§E ki.au. m e.ni.hur : alam andundniSu Sa tappinni inaqaq-qa-ri esirma (see eqeru mng. la-1) 5R 50 ii57f., see JCS 21 8:75; nig.k6i.da ki.a hur.ra[tud]g.A.DU su.li6.ka dug.a : maks~tu §a inaqaq-qar egret uhattu a ina zumur ameli patrat(see maksutu) ASKT p. 86-87:72f.; ki nam.ti.la.kex a.mu.ta ba.an.gub.bu.us : ina qaq-qarbaldi iddja izzazzu (see baldtu s. mng. 2) KAR31:19f., cf. ki.nam.ti.la.kex gir.zu gub.bu. da : ina qaq-qar (var. [q]aq-qa-ru) bald(i Bpkaukun (var. lizziz) STT 179:35f., var. from CT17 33:21f.

til~ru = qaq-qd-ru W 22671/1 and dupl.W 22831 i 8, cited AHw. 1374a.

t Id-mi qaq-qa-ri (var. t qaq-qa-ri) : t su-pa-luUruanna I 427; f i-qip-pu : t qu-qa-ni qaq-qa-riMSL 8/2 60:213 (Uruanna); UR.MAH qaq-qa-ri:hu-la-m[e-uc ] ibid. 58:205d.

qaq.qa.ra.an.ki = v Hh. XXI Section3:20a; qaq-qa-ra-an = MIN (= Uruk) Malku I 218;see mng. 3c.

1. ground, soil - a) as surface - 1' ingen.: a wall 404 cubits high itum qd-qd-ri-im ana rS dirim from the groundto the top of the wall AfO 20 76 v 11 (Na-ram-Sin); [i]-[g] a-ru-um [ia] PN... iadmuigdr biritim itu qd-qd-ri adi elenum thewall that PN bought is a party wall from theground to the top Waterman Bus. Doc. 80:7;the Medes, who in the days of the kings,my fathers misir ASSur la ibbalkitinimmala ikbus qaq-qar-6d did not cross thefrontiers of Assyria nor tread its groundBorger Esarh. 54 iv 36; akabbas qaq-q[ar. .. ](vars. akabbas qaq-qa-ru IWlera pepja,

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qaqqaru A laakabbas qaq-qa-ri liler ana le-pi-i) I treadon the ground, may my feet walk straight(var. may (it) be favorable to my feet)BiOr 30 169 iii 21 (inc.); KI ugari gudti nakruikabbas an enemy will trample this com-mons CT 39 9:13 (SB Alu), cf. ibid. 5:53, cf.also nakru KI nawija ikabbas Labat Suse6 i 38; annua ina qaq-qa-ri ukabbas Istamp my sins into the ground AfO 1951:71 (SB hymn to Marduk); ekdutija kimaqaq-qa-ru lukabbis (see kabsu mng. 5b)STC 2 pl. 83:97, see Ebeling Handerhebung 134;for other refs. see kabdsu mngs. 2 and 3;since you, my lord, left me, I have beensick epi ina ka-aq-qd-ri ul alkun I havenot set my feet on the ground PBS 7123:2 (OB let.), cf. MVAG 41/3 60 i 16 (NA rit.),cf. also qd-qd-ri ualkin pe[ja] KUB 412 obv. (!) 19 (Gilg. Bogh.); ldm ultu eri SepSluana KI iIkunu before he puts his footfrom the bed onto the ground CT 38 33:1,and 31 r. 24 (catch line), cf. AMT 34,3:4, 59,1 i8 and 28, LKU 61:7; his feet are broad KImaid and are spread on (lit. fill) theground Kraus Texte 22 i 27 and 24 r. 6, cf.his toes KI ul ikak§ada do not reach theground ibid. 22 iii 3, also (the newbornchild's foot) qd-qd-ra (var. K) ul ikca4adLeichty Izbu III 96; kilddka ka-aq-qd-r[a] -amuStakcid she .... -ed you (lit. made yourneck reach the ground) CT 45 122:6, seeKraus, AbB 7 187; ka-aq-qd-ra uitammil (inbroken context) PBS 1/1 2 i 12 (OB lit.);ikmisma Gilgdme ina qd-aq-qd-ri SepuGilgamei bent one knee, his (other) foot(firmly) on the ground Gilg. P. vi 25 (OB);ana qaq-qa-ru uhannaq (if) he rubs (hishands and feet) against the ground LabatTDP 80:13, dupl. KUB 37 87:15, cf. qdtrSu§epdJu KI qaq-qa-ri ilappi4 STT 89:175;Nergal entered her (Eretkigal's) court-yard and ikmis(i) i[SIiq] qaq-qa-ru mahsria made obeisance (and) kissed theground before her AnSt 10 110 i 28 and 116iii 49 (Nergal and Eretkigal), cf. when heentered before the prince uSkinma i46iqqaq-qa-ru mahar~u AnSt 6 152:73 (Poor Man ofNippur), cf. En. el. III 69; when the king

qaqqaru A laentered Babylon ina mahar Marduk u arspanitu qaq-qar il4iq ABL 865:10 (NB); errabaqaq-qu-ru ina pan [arri inalliq] MVAG41/3 60 i 5, 8, and 12 (NA rit.); see also SjobergMondgott, in lex. section; for other refs.see na~dqu mng. 4c-2'; the king of Elamkissed my feet and qaq-qa-ru ugeir inaziqniu brushed the ground with hisbeard Streck Asb. 34 iv 29; if a falcon inaqaq-qa-ri alibma CT 39 30:55, cf. qaq-qa-riuS6ir (see egeru mng. 5) CT 39 29:26;irub ana Emeslam ina qaq-qar ug-da-r nal-

-[. .. ] Grayson BHLT 74 iii 32; imema RNqaq-qa-ril ippalsih when Ursa heard thishe threw himself to the ground (and torehis clothes) TCL 3 411 (Sar.), parallel WincklerSar. pl. 10 No. 22:294, and see napalsuhumng. lb-l'; if during the procession thestatue of Marduk ina qaq-qa-ri uib landson the ground ACh Supp. 2 Sin 18 r. 14, cf.(the leg of the chair) [ina] muhhi qaq-qi-ri tdtemedi ABL 1212 r. 8 (NA); he pulledher from the throne by her hair ana qd-a-aq-qd-ri qaqqassa ana nakdai (see na=kasu mng. 2a-2' EA 357:79 (Nergal andErekigal); buru kma uzdli imtaqut qaq-qar-6i (see buru A mng. la-2') Kocher BAM248 iii 31, and dupls. Studies Landsberger 286:33,KUB 4 13:9, cf. (the child) limqutam qd-aq-qd-ar-[S]um VAS 17 34:19 (OB inc.), also(the child) littanaqquta ina qaq-qa-ri CraigABRT 2 19:14 (NA inc.); umma ieru anamuhhi ameli ifhitamma ana KI imqut if asnake springs onto a man and falls to theground CT 38 36:62, cf. KAR 384 r. 29, cf. alsoCT 39 40 r. 35 (all SB Alu), and see (alsowith qaqqaril) maqdtu mng. lb; in trans-ferred mng.: wu'urti belija ana qa-qa-ri-im ul imqut my lord's wish is not dis-regarded (lit. did not fall on the ground)ARM 10 5:26; inerru ka-qd-ra-am (see n&rumng. 2) Gilg. O.I. r. 8; tabku eruja ina qa-qa-ri-ma my branches are scattered onthe ground Lambert BWL 160 r. 3, cf. the.... of their land which my ancestorsina qa-qa-ri tabku u andku ina qa-qa-riulatbf Smith Idrimi 61f.; if a bronze lock-peg of the palace Suldtma ina KI sUB-at

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qaqqaru A lawhen raised falls to the ground CT 4012:20, and passim in this text; GI.NA ana qaq-qa-ri lissukki [qaq-q]a-ru tebi liqbiki letthe bed fling you to the ground, let theground say to you "Get up!" Biggs Saziga77:17f.; iMi mald majdl qaq-qar inal hewore his hair unkempt (as a sign ofmourning), he slept with the floor as a bedVAB 4 274 ii 40 (Nbn.), cf. ina KI H.NAWeidner Gestirn-Darstellungen 46 VAT 7818 r. 11;alka tiba ina qd-aq-qd-ri come on, get upfrom the ground Gilg. P. ii 22; u9harrirmaAn4ar qaq-qa-ri inattal ikammam ana EaunaSi qaqqas[su] Aniar became motion-less, his eyes to the ground, nodding andshaking his head toward Ea En. el. II 86,cf. [x-x]-x-ta qaq-qa-< ru>-ram-ma inattale-[na(?)-ka(?)] STT 28 ii 11', see Gurney,AnSt 10 112 (Nergal and Eretkigal); rezja ulullu qaq-qa-ri anattal Lambert BWL 88:293(Theodicy), cf. Jaqdtu re ja iknuS qaq-qar-[lu] my head (once) held high is turnedtoward the ground Lambert BWL 34:73(Ludlul I); [Sa] qaq-qu-ru idaggaluni (par-allel: aam idaggaluni) ZA51 136:38 (NA);elli ana ri .. . urrad ana qaq-qa-ri-im-mauabbatu kibsi[ki] I will go up to the roof,I will go down to the ground and seizeyour footprints Maqlu III 145, emendationfrom STT 82, cf. if lizards iltu KI ana uriill ... i tu uri ana KI urraduni CT 3841:10f. and dupl. CT 40 28 K.6527+ :5f. (SB Alu);abna kdmma itu qa-qa-ri ittazimi u uL=tebilammi (is he making a joke at myexpense, that) he picked up such a stonefrom the ground and sent it to me (insteadof lapis lazuli)? MRS 9 222 RS 17.383:17;may your blood ana qaq-qar littaradflow onto the ground Wiseman Treaties 471;may your seed [ina?] muhhi pa-ni aqaq-qa-ri-ku-nu ina mdti lihliq disappearfrom the face of your soil, from the landWiseman Treaties 544; dirdniunu dannuti... appulma qaq-qa-ril ulakid I pulleddown their strong walls and made (them)level with the ground TCL 3 293 (Sar.),cf. qa-qa-ri6 uamhir ibid. 180, 195; duilrdniSunu dunnunuti adi 6ipik u§lliunu haqs

qaqqaru A labatti4 udaqqiqma qaq-qa-rif amnu Icrushed their fortified walls down to theirfoundations like earthenware and made(them) level with the ground ibid. 165, cf.ibid. 217, GN appulma qaq-qa-riS amnu ibid.185, cf. ibid. 273, 279, 232 + KAH 2 141, ef. alsoWinckler Sar. pl. 2 No. 3:38 and Lie Sar. 64;cau c~utu ... akludma qaq-qa-ri amnuRost Tigl. III p. 60:21; with his hands issiqaq-qir isappan he will level (Elam) tothe ground ABL 1280:9 (NA); the canaleperz imlima immani qaq-qa-ri4 becamefilled with earth and thus level with theground Borger Esarh. 36 § 23:10, cf. (themountain) imtanu qaq-qar-Su(var. -ii)Cagni Erra IV 143; (the temple) [ultu umema]dti niditam illikma zteme qaq-qa-riSBohl Chrestomathy p. 36:24 (= Bohl Leiden Coll. 3p. 35, Sin-Aar-ikun).

2' in rit.: asar iepu parsat KI talabbi(me elluti [tanaddi] where nobody sets footyou sweep the ground, you pour purewater BBR No. 79:8, cf. [ana II] "UTUKI SAR A KJ.GA tanaddi BBR No. 58:4, seeOr. NS 36 279; ina ahi nri KI SAR A KtSUD 4R 60:15, cf. Or. NS 39 143:23, KAR 73:6,AfO 18 296:1, RAcc. 10:8, and passim in rit.,see abdu; Sahu a UD.KA.BAR me umalsiima ina qa-qa-ri iSnakk[anu] RA 35 2 i 28(Mari rit.); 2 lahanndte a kardni arru anaqa-qi-ri inaqqi the king pours two jugsof wine onto the ground ZA 50 194:23, cf.one jug of wine and one jug of beer anaqa-qi-ri ugammar ibid. 19 (MA rit.), also(wine) ana qaq-qi-ri itabbuku ZA 45 44:25(NA rit.), and see tabdku; ana KI la tunattakAMT 68,2:4; [ina qaq]-qa-ri egir u[?urtu]draw the picture (of the ark) on theground Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 128:14 and16; ana muhhi Salmi 9a qemi a ina KI egruinaddima (the king) puts (the slaughteredsheep) on the image made with flourwhich has been drawn on the groundPBS 1/2 106 r. 27, see Ebeling, ArOr 17/1 179; forother refs. see egeru mng. la-l'; 14 timesyou touch his head u qaq-qa-ra talappatand touch the ground Kiichler Beitr. pi. 1 i 16.

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qaqqaru A Ibb) as mass of earth: miqit parzillim

§a qd-aq-qd-ra irassu meteoric iron, whichgouges the ground JRAS Cent. Supp. pl. 8v 21 (OB hymn); irtima ina dunni qaq-qa-ri5 sikkati he drove five pegs into the hardground STT 38:132, see AnSt 6 156 (Poor Manof Nippur); the foundation of the palace inCalah was not solid and eli dunni qaq-qa-ri kigir 6adi ul Surruda i4ddu its foun-dation walls had not been set into firmground, on bedrock Winckler Sar. pl. 48:14,cf. adi qaq-qa-ri dunni4u akudu MDP 21pl. 1:18 (Xerxes); 5alamtaau ina KI aj iq=qebir may his body not be buried in theground MDP 6 pl. 10 vi 21 (MerodachbaladanI kudurru), cf. Salmeja... ana ndri lu idd[i]ina KI lu iq-[bir] (the sorcerer) threwfigurines of me into the river or buriedthem in the soil PBS 1/1 13:26, and seeqeberu; nard .. . ina qaq-qa-ri ittemir (ifthat man) buries the boundary stone inthe ground MDP 2 pl. 22 v 52, MDP 6 pl. 10iv 33, wr. KI (= qaqqaru or er.etu, seeergetu mng. 4b) UET 1 165 ii 17, BBSt. No. 7ii 12; kzma... §uriuu qaq-qa-ru la igab=batu just as its (this plant's) roots donot take hold in the ground Surpu V-VI64 and 133, cf. uri~uu qaq-qa-ra DIRIKuchler Beitr. pl. 3 iii 31; lillik adru ka-aq-qd-ra li'erri let the wind blow, let itparch (?) the ground Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 72 II i 15 (SB); ina qarniiu qaq-qarterdt JNES 33 332:15 (NB med. comm.); seealso leti v. mng. la; if a sheep [ina Sep]imittiJu KI ifhappir (see heperu mng. 1)CT 31 30:23, cf. ibid. 25, qaq-qar ihappirudHunger Uruk 50:30 (med. comm.); see alsoheperu mng. 2; 18 qaq-qar ulappil I dugdown in the ground 18 (cubits) (and foundthe ancient foundation made by Naram-Sin) VAB 4 264 i 30 (Nbn.), cf. [x] ammatqd-qd-ru ukappilma ibid. 194 No. 27a ii 17(Nbk.); narqdni ana qaq-qa-ri hide in theground! Maqlu VI 96.

c) in idiomatic use: if the necklace isnot available to you alar iba64 ina qa-qa-ri-im hliamma ulbilam produce one

qaqqaru A 2bfrom wherever you can (lit. from theground) and send it to me Sumer 14 73No. 47:18 (Harmal let.), cf. 15 ulummi inaqd-qd-ri li4elinimma Aibilam let (the gar-deners) procure 15 ulummu mice at anycost and send (them) to me TCL 17 13:20,also §E.GIA.i Sa 1 GIN kaspim ina qd-qd-ri-im Sliaimma AfO 24 124 No. 9:18; 1elippaka ana PN ana tabliltim idin u elip=pam fa PN2 ina ka-ka-ri-im SuliaS giveone of your boats to PN for .... and goto any length to provide PN2's boat forhim TCL 1 32:15; idpartam ina qd-qd-ri-im

luliamma go to any length to provide aweaver woman Kienast Kisurra 153:29, cf.GUD.HI.A ina ka-aq-qd-ri-im au-li-a-am-ma VAS 16 79:9 (all OB letters), see Stol, BiOr31 222f.; [DUMU].ME§ LUGAL.ME GI.NA.ME§ ina qaq-qa-ri ilaqqatu K.6645 ii 7(astrol.), also cited Thompson Rep. 236A:4.

d) describing burrowing animals: neu§a qaq-qa-ri(var. -ru) dumqa etepu' I did agood deed for the "earth-lion" Gilg. XI296; see also Hh. XIV, Hg., Uruanna, in lex.section, and see nammatu, zermandu.

2. terrain - a) in gen.: ki qaq(!)-qa-ru t(bi ina Spe lillikunu jni ina elippilillikunu if the terrain is good, let themcome on foot, if not, let them come byboat TCL 9 84:21 (NB let.); qaq-qu-ru marigibirte Saddni S m& karku ndrdte da'na (seekardku mng. 1) ABL 312:9 (NA); if a wellopens ina KI bSdi in sandy ground CT38 24 BM 34092:21; see also namrdu.

b) with ref. to the desert: mat Bdzu. .. qaq-qar (dbti alar sumdme the land ofBazu, saline ground, a place of thirstBorger Esarh. 56 iii 54; qualified by terms forthirst: ina ladi qaq-qar qumdmete issakanbedz itu qaq-qar qumdmete ittumu6 (see

.umIdmtu usage b) Scheil Tn. II 64, cf.ibid. 33; anhu a ina qaq-qar imu [i] tattiqu me [m]alki [i-ha-d] (?) -li-ih (seeanhu mng. la) ABL 1411 r. 2 (NB); forother refs. see naomi, qumdmztu, ,imu;see also Streck Asb., cited mng. 3a.

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qaqqaru A 3a3. territory - a) measured in beru:

30 ber qaq-qa-ru ina birit mat GN ... sit:muri allikma I marched impetuouslythirty "miles" between GN (and GN2) TCL 375 (Sar.), cf. ibid. 307, etc., cf. 60 ber qaq-qa-ru ina Urarti . .. etelli4 attallakma RostTigl. III p. 46:24, 52:39; I cut through themountains toward Nineveh uSeir harruber qaq-qa-ru ultu qereb iD GN mame . .uAard4 I ran a canal and let water flow(there) from the Husur river for one "mile"overland OIP 2 124:42 (Senn.); 8 ber qaq-qa-ru ... ittallaku ummdndteja ... ultulibbi GN adi GN2 6 ber qaq-qa-ru qaq-qarumme laplapti ird illiku Streck Asb. 204 vi

38 and 206 vi 42; 1000 uttatu ... ber qaq-qar ana muhhi ndri ruqet one thousand(gur) of barley is half a "mile" distantfrom the river (two gur and twelve silasare close to the river) YOS 3 68:15 (NBlet.), cf. [x KASKAL].GfD qaq-qar ABL1000:2, 1342:6, 1387 r. 18, 1402:10 (all NB),also [x KASKAL.G]fD qaq-qu-[ru] ABL 608r. 11 (NA); ina kisurre GN itu madahu §aah Puratti adi qereb Ki 4§ ber qd-qd-rimiAihti A. A ipik eperi aStappakma at theborders of Babylon I made an earth rampfrom the processional road at the bankof the Euphrates as far as Kish, a distanceof four and two thirds "miles" VAB 4166 B vi 62 (Nbk.), parallels Sumer 3 7 i 21 and15 i 23; for other refs. see beruA s. mng. lb;note ber qaq-qa-ru referring to a timemeasurement, see Pingree, AfO 25 55.

b) measured in march route time: allthe way to Memphis, his residence mdlak15 ume qaq-qa-ri umelam la naparkddzktulu mddi6 aduk over a march (route)of 15 days I inflicted a heavy defeat onhim every day without exception BorgerEsarh. 99 r. 39.

c) identified by a proper name: dlkniis PN qaq-qar mdt Namar mala badi all thesettlements of the PN tribe, territory of thecountry of GN BBSt. No. 6 i 48 and ii 8 (Nbk. I);ana ka-aq-qi-[ril §a Subartu la ituara(§ama§-§um-ukin) will not return to the

qaqqaru A 3darea of Assyria ABL 356:20, see ParpolaLAS No. 45; a field qa-qa-ar BI.NE MDP28 420:5; ina qaq-qa-ru GN akcudunitiWeissbach Misc. No. 4 (pl. 3) ii 23 (Aamag-re6-uur);a house ina qd-qd-ar d§ES.KI YOS 1275:5; ul u§ab ina a[liku]numa ina qaq-qarEnlil ul alakkana [Ie]pja (as Enlil hatesme) I cannot live in your town anylonger, I cannot set foot in Enlil's territoryany more Gilg. XI 41; note qaqqar Anuas a name of Uruk: see Malku I 218, in lex.section; in gentilics: PN LO qaq-qar-dA-nuki-u Hunger Uruk 45:25, also ibid. 33:11,wr. L.KI.DI§.KI-U ibid. 48 r. 9 (all colo-phons, same person).

d) in transferred mng.: ina qa-aq-qa-ardannati ti-se-a-ni tuqqira me u gamma inaeqel Qumamiti (see eumdmitu usage c)MDP 18 250:12 (OB lit.); atta i-qd-qi-ri-imdannim tetiranni you saved me from adangerous situation Or. NS 36 411 Kiltepeb/k 95:28; qd-qu-ru-um danan uharka ib=tibitim la imuat the situation is dan-gerous, your servant must not die ofhunger BIN 6 124:10; abi ina qd-qi-ri-imdannim wadab u bit abija ekallum inaggarS. . bit abijae ihliq my principal lives ina dangerous situation and the palacewatches my principal's firm, let my prin-cipal's firm not perish KTS 37a:15, alsoHUCA 39 30 L29-573:11, adi a annakam inaqd-qi-ri-im dannim waSbdkuni CCT 247b:25, cf. ager i-qd-qi-ri-im da-nim uS=bdtini Akkadica 18 33 0 3918:23; asjer qd-qu-ru-um dannum ukalluka libbaka imar=raq since a dangerous situation restrainsyou, you will have troubles CCT 243a: 18, cf. BIN 6 214:5, VAT 13509 r. 3'; mansnum ina qd-qi-ri-i[m] rdanl-nim kaspamiddannidti Jankowska KTK 17:7 (all OA); inaqaq-qar ulme mahraka littallak let himconstantly walk before you in a territoryof well-being AfO 19 59:160 (SB prayer toMarduk), cf. ummdnum ina qd-qd-ar Sulmianakrum i-[. . .] iddki the enemy will [. . .]and defeat the army in its own safe ter-ritory YOS 10 21:10 (OB ext.); Urtaku ar

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qaqqaru A 3eElamti ina qaq-qar ba-la-ti eptiu u[li6kun] Bauer Asb. 56 Rm. 281:7, also PiepkornAsb. 60 iv 57, cf. ina ulmim epi ina qa-qa-ar baldfim luSkun OBT Tell Rimah 123:15,and see KAR 31, STT 179, in lex. section;note la altee amuwatma qd-qi-ri-i la4uI cannot (go on), I am about to die, thereis no way out for me KT Hahn 5:6.

e) other occs.: ajakam kaspam ina qd-qi-ri-im annim lu nilqe where should weacquire silver in this region? COT 6 25a:8(OA); ina qa-qa-ar izzazzu ibitma if (thetroops) stay overnight wherever they areARM 14 67 r. 6; qa-qa-ar illiku ul itdrmaul illak he does not go back the sameway he came RA 35 3 iv 13 (Mari rit.); inagakin mdtdti bel pi7atdti hazanndti u q ipiti§a qaq-qa-ra-tim anndti (whoever) amongthe governors, district governors, mayors,or (other) officials of these districts MDP2 pl. 17 iii 9 (MB kudurru), cf. lu Sakin mdti§a qaq-qar-Iu lu ina libbi rabti Sut ekalliZA 65 54:29 (early NB kudurru); why did mybrother not send his messenger? mdr4ipri a ahija annita iqtabd umma ul qd-aq-qd-ru qerbumma ahuka idemmemaulma ilapparakku mdtum riqat ana ahika

my brother's messenger said this (inanswer): The territory (of Egypt) is notnear enough for your brother to hear(about your illness) and send good wishes- the land is far for your brother EA 7:20(MB royal); qaq-qar inapan-iunu ruqu ABL280:17 (NB); (after) the servants of the kingchanged their route 3000 qaq-qar elenulshunu neberu inabtu they took a crossing-place three thousand (cubits) upstreamfrom them (i.e., the enemy) ABL 520:21(NB); 4000 ammat qd-qd-ra-am itdt dli. ..dura danna ... Bdbilam ulashir over astretch of four thousand cubits aroundthe city I surrounded Babylon with amighty wall VAB 4 74 ii 13, cf. CT 37 14 ii 46,PBS 15 79 ii 41 (all Nbk.); ammar 8104 qaq-qu-ru (var. qaq-qar) liszqunikkunu may(the gods) reduce your land in size to beas narrow as a brick Wiseman Treaties 527,

qaqqaru A 3ecf. qaq-qa-ru ammar sio4 ina KOS (paral-lel: mdssu ammar hurbdt[i]) AfO 8 24 i 5(AAAur-nirari V treaty); Sarru qa-f aq-qa-ril-§u[an]a nakriSu u5eqi the king will losehis territories to his enemy KUB 4 67 ii10, see Leichty Izbu p. 208 ii 8; KI KUR abaq=qarma eleqqe I will claim and take theterritory of the enemy Labat Suse 3:42,cf. nakru KI-ri ibaqqarma ileqqe ibid. 31,and parallel nakru KI rube ipaqqar, rublKI nakriku ipaqqar CT 30 26 80-7-19,87 obv. (!)3f., CT 20 4 K.3671+ :9f.; the king shouldknow ki bit Amikdni iqtiima Puqudu inaqaq-qa-ri-i-nu albu that the Bit Amuikaniperished and the Puqudu stayed in theirterritory ABL 275 r. 10; anini hZiu Sa qaq-qa-ru ni-hi(?)-tu (obscure) ibid. r. 13, cf.ABL (617+)699 r. 4, ina qaq-qar(!) a itblABL 262 r. 3 (all NB); qaq-qu-ru bit tara'im=mani tuabitkunu ina libbi iba (seeeabdtu mng. 11f) ABL 541:9 (NA); PN...ana mat tdmtim altappar qaq-qa-ru ul idii4ten LO mude KASKAL I I itti4u ahheja li:puru' I sent PN to the Sealand - as hedoes not know the territory, let mybrothers send with him a man who knowsthe way BIN 1 11:8 (NB); (boats) in UD.KIB.NUN.KI qd-qd-ra-am lu i-SAG-ru-i(var. Sa UD.KIB.NUN.KI' lu ia-a-a-z-ru)(obscure) JEOL 20 55:64 (NB Cruc. Mon.ManigtuSu); under the protection of DN Idefeated these peoples ina qaq-qa-rul--nu ultibunutu I let them live in theirown districts again Herzfeld API 30 r. 28(Xerxes); zeru ina qaq-qar Aandmma ulirriu he will not cultivate a field inanother district TuM 2-3 75:7, cf. ibid. 9;a andku akanna epuu u ina qaq-qa-ru

gandmma epu §u what I did here andin other districts (everything I did underthe protection of Ahuramazda) VAB 3115:8 (Xerxes); GN uhalliqluma ina qa-aq-qa-ri-u i-ul i-da-a-ar-ra-a-u attalarlu(corr. to Hitt. I sowed (?) [. . .]-plant in itsplace) KBo 10 1:17 (Hattulili bil.); ina qaq-qar nukurti sulummd iba4li in enemy ter-ritory there will be peace VAB 4 288 xi 17(Nbn.), cf. ina qaq-qar dabdd ar Bdbili

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qaqqaru A 4aAfO 20 94:109 (Senn.), cf. also ina qd-qd-arnakrim UET 5 81:23 and 42 (OB let.); apliafrata udannina qaq-qar-§d (see aratu)En. el. V 131.

4. plot of land - a) in texts earlierthan NB - 1' in gen.: qd-qi-re-e anaASur ezib I set aside plots for DN Belleten14 224:10 (Irigum); 15 shekels of silver thatPN owes the Anatolian kima 15 §iqil kas:pim qd-qi-ri-6u a urki bitim ana nud'im... iddin as the equivalent to the 15shekels of silver he gave his plots of land,which are behind the house, to the Ana-tolian MVAG 33 No. 215 VAT 9293:5, cf.x silver ana qd-qi-ri a PN ni6qul ArOr47 43 AO 22503:25; qd-qu-ru a tehi bit PNana bariunu izzazzu the lands whichadjoin PN's house are their commonproperty Jankowska KTK 103:17, see MVAG33 No. 9:7; qd-qi-ri 6unuti JNES 16 164:26,cf. tehi qd-qi-ri §a PN ibid. 6 (all OA); fuppitamlitim a mitit[im] ublunimma A. A imared~ $abtu u ka-ak-ka-ra-tim ana mudaszattadi they brought me the record fordistributing (the fields) of the dead, and Inoted down on a list (the places) wherethe redi soldiers hold fields, and the plotsCT 4 19a:22, see Frankena, AbB 2 90, cf. a.4um2 fuppi a 4 SAR ka-aq-qd-ra-tim PBS 7104:13 (OB let.); PN ana PN2 ana qa-qa-ri-imgabdtim iddin [um]ma kaspam PN2 ana PNla iddin eli qa-qa-ri-im PN-ma izzaz PNgave PN2 (x silver) for taking land in ten-ure, if PN2 does not return(?) the silverto PN, PN herself has the rights(?) to (lit.stands on) the plot CT 33 29:5 and 11; PNqa-qa-ra-am ibqurma PN brought a claimagainst the (purchased) plot CT 48 25:10(both OB); ana alp e uhdr e uhdrdtim z.MA§.HI.A u bitim la teggi ina tuppika qd-qd-ra-am e.ir do not neglect the oxen,the servants, the servant girls, the goats,or the house, draw the plot on your tabletTLB 4 12:10 (OB let.); 8 SAR qa-aq-qa-ruEqU u madu . . .PN iSdm PN bought eightSAR of land, as is MDP 23 214:1; qa-aq-qa-ru ibbaqqarma ina bitiu u BALA 3.KAM

qaqqaru A 4asikkatu mah-at if a claim is raised againstthe land, a peg is driven into his houseand into the "third section" ibid. 235:5;note eqlu ibbaqqarma fPN qd-aq-qd-as-sua-na ta-ah-hu-[...] MDP 22 76:14 (= MDP 4191 No. 15); ina qa-qa-ri ajztu (in brokencontext) BE 17 42:24 (MB let.); mannummina libbiSu[nu] abu eqla bitdte ka-aq-qa-[ra] 9a pi tuppi uzakka any of them whois present will clear of claims the field,the houses, and the land in accordancewith the contract RA 23 155 No. 50:28; 2 inaammati qa-aq-ka-ru ina letifunu PN ...ileqqe PN will take a two-cubit (frontage)plot at their (the buildings') edge StudiesOppenheim 182:10; ka-ka-ru Sa pani bztdti12 ina ammati murakJu 9 <ina> ammatirupussu the land in front of the houses,twelve cubits long and nine cubits wideJEN 239:12, cf. ka-aq-qa-ra a bitdte epluplot with buildings (opposite ka-ak-ka-rupa-i-hu and ka-ak-ka-ru halahwe lines 4and 8) JEN 101:5; ilku ga qa-aq-qa-ri PNu PN2 nag i umma qa-aq-qa-ru.ME~ dupdqirdna iraMi PN u PN2 uzakkima PN andPN2 do the ilku service on the land, shouldthat land have any claimant, PN and PN2will clear it of claims JEN 46:15 and 17, cf.ibid. 25; these are the men mualmi [Saqa-aq]-qa-ri.ME§ who surveyed the plotsRA 23 149 No. 31:42, cf. muelm a A.§A§a ka-ka-ri-im HSS 13 273:21 (all Nuzi);Summa a'u ina la qa-ki-ri-i-u lu kird iddilu biurta ihri if a man lays out a gardenor digs a well on land which is not hisKAV 2 v 19 (Ass. Code B § 13), cf. if he inala qa-ki-ri-i-u . . . libitta ilbin ibid. v 26and 34 (§ 14 and 15), wr. qa-qi-ri ibid. ii 2(§ 1), also qa-qa-ra 3-a-te iddan ibid. v 30(§ 14); iStupani dli iallim Summa ina A.SAla i4allim ina qa-qa-ar dli iiallimma hewill be compensated from the city, if hedoes not get (land as) compensation fromoutside the city, he will take compensa-tion from land in the city KAJ 152:5; kiJaparti PN ... u bit dunnu qa-qar dliSu SaPN PN3 igabbat uk4l (see dunnu mng. 4e)KAJ 53:15, cf. A.A-fu adri qa-qar dli u

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qaqqaru A 4bbirta KAJ 149:16, cf. also KAJ 160:4; qa-qa-ru ,udtu ana Smi . . . ana PN iddinu . . .AN.NA 'Sm qa-qa-<ri>-u-nu ... mahruaplu zakfi qa-qa-ra Sudtu ... PN ilaqqeKAJ 175:27, 32, and 35 (all MA); qaq-qi-riSudtu zarippu laqiu these lands are boughtand taken in possession Postgate PalaceArchive 29:7, cf. ibid. 2 (NA); enna amminiilten qaq-qar tai-bat(!)-ma ina NippurituJib (obscure) ABL 540:3 (NB), cf. qaq-qar §a abija §a arru utzramma ABL 925:9,also ibid. 15, 17, r. 3, 6, qaq-qa-r u m ibai2(in broken context) ABL 1457:10 (NB); thissmall palace I razed completely qaq-qa-ruma'du kzma atartimma ultu libbi eqletiabtuqma as an addition I took away alarge area from the fields (and added itto the palace area) Borger Esarh. 60 v 50,cf. OIP 2 105 vi 2, cited atartu A mng. le; qa-qa-ra-te mddte lu umessi (in territorybelonging to the city ofAssur) I identifiedlarge tracts of land Weidner Tn. 12 No. 5:74.

2' with qualifications: qd-qd-ru-umnadi BIN 7 170:1 (OB); qaq-qa-ra Sa (dbtimala 3 GAN A.§A i-[x-x] (the kings ofUgarit and of Sijanni said) The salt flatsamounting(?) to an area of three iku MRS9 74 RS 17.335+:59, but A.SA tdbti ibid. 60f.,cf. qa-aq-qa-ru [,]a(?) habbu MRS 6 161RS 16.281:7; x E.NUMUN qa-qu-ru rdqua field of x (extent), empty (i.e., notbuilt-on) land Postgate Palace Archive 156:2(NA); ka-aq-qa-ru halahwe JEN 101:8, andsee hawalhu, paihu, pe'i; all around mypalace qa-qa-ri pu-,a-e u[aamsik] Icleared land suitable for building WeidnerTn. 9 No. 2:42, cf. qaq-qir pu-ge-e udtuzarpu laqiu ADD 356:10, PN bet qaq-qir pu-Qe-e taddni qaq-qir 5 ina ammete urlcu[6 ina] ammete rupSu ADD 351:3 and 5, andpassim in NA, and see pui; ina qaq-qar(var.-qa-ri) uSalli in flooded land (reclaimedfrom the river) OIP 2 129 vi 49 (Senn.).

b) in NB - 1' in gen.: as in formertimes he gave qaq-qa-ra-a-ti ana rab baniSa DN YOS 6 10:12, see San Nicol6 Prosopo-graphie 65f.; whoever would say bitu kir2

qaqqaru A 4bu qaq-qar §udti ul nadnuma kaspa ul mahirTCL 12 12:33; put ibu a qaq-qar PN naziPN is liable for the tax on the field Bagh.Mitt. 5 228 No. 17 iv 8; qaq-qar makkr BeletUruk u Nand YOS 7 169:2; ina u'ilti a700 uttati Sa ina qaq-qar fa URU GN aPN BIN 2 109:1; x iddu AN.TA UJS.SA.DU

qaq-qar a Eanna BIN 1 130:4; genu makkirDN fa ina panija ultu tamirtu qaq-qar aDN iktatamu (see katdmu mng. 4) YOS 7189:8, cf. re' qaq-qar §a DN ii YOS 3200:19 (let.); fuppi A.§A qaq-qar pi ul-puBIN 1 130:1; qaq-qar a Beti a Uruk ka-sa-al u kcdlf (see kaslu) YOS 6 33:4; bar-ley ina suti a rihit qaq-qar.ME a ina panPN TCL 13 227:60; qaq-qa-ru S~ ina qdtePN ki x kaspi [an]dahar umma qaq-qa-ruibal4i itriu ina panika bi-nam-ma ... uqaq-qar a ina qdte PN anhuru fuppalukunukma bi inni I bought this land fromPN for 55 shekels of silver, (if) there is apiece of land adjacent to it available toyou, give it to me, and give me a sealeddocument about the land which I boughtfrom PN VAS 1 70 i 5, 7, and 12 (NB kudurru);x silver idz qaq-qa-ru inandinu' CT 4476:12; qaq-qar §a ina ibti Sa PN la atfruana zdqiputu bi innanimma (see zdqipitu)YOS 6 67:6, cf. mimma mala ina giimmaruina qaq-qa-ru illd whatever grows amongthe date palms and on the land Nbk. 90:4.

2' measured (in cubits) along its front-age: four shekels of silver Sim 5 KbUqaq-qar SAG.KI the price of a plot of landhaving five cubits' frontage TCL 12 55:1,also Dar. 563:2, cf. TuM 2-3 6:1, 164:2, TCL 1238:1, and passim, napharu 8 kird x putu qaq-qa-ru a kirn bit Ea AnOr 9 2:52, and passimin this text; 1 ME 50.AM qaq-qa-ru abtu150 (cubits) of land each are held (infeudal tenure) AnOr 9 1:4 and r. 97; PN putqaq-qar a' 1 mi naQi PN is responsiblefor that field of one hundred (cubits)AnOr 9 7:43; kz 1 me qaq(!)-qa-ru ina KAana muhhija u 1 me ana muhhi PN la nasku(I swear) that one hundred (cubits) ofland from the shortage (?) is charged to me

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qaqqaru A 5aand one hundred is charged to PN YOS 3110:10, cf. 4 Izm qaq-qar milhu ina muhhijanasiki mimma alla 2 me qaq-qar ina libbiul hirru (the labor is too hard for me) atract of land of four thousand (cubits) isassigned to me, nothing is dug up of itbeyond two hundred (cubits) of land Yos3 33:5f.; since the day I came 1 me 60qaq-qar babtum 2 me qaq-qar ina libbiassidir amur aherri qaq-qar §a ina muhhininasku lu mdda dannu 160 (cubits' front-age) of land have lacked (work), of it twohundred (cubits of) land I cultivate oneafter the other, look, I am doing thedigging, the (amount of) land that is as-signed to us is very difficult YOS 3 19:8f.,cf. they dig 1 K§ qaq-qar ana 3 iqilkaspi one cubit of land for three shekelsof silver ibid. 14, cf. also ibid. 3 and 5; 2 MEI KvU qaq-qar GCCI 1 376:4; 4 KU§ 6 §U.sI qaq-qar Nbn. 1128:18, for other refs. seeammatu A mng. 2k-5'.

5. location, area, region, blank space -a) on the sheep's lungs or liver: 6ummaubdn haAim qablitum qd-qd-ar-a icul (seeakdlu mng. 2d) RA 38 84:30, see RA 40 91,cf. [umma ina K]A.E.GAL $ihhu Sirubmaqd-aq-qd-ar-6u akil YOS 10 25:17, also RA 63155:19 (all OB ext.); na[plasum] ina qa-qarkittim [Sakin] the naplasu was in a normalzone JCS 21 226 A 860:8 (Mari ext. report);dumma paddnu 2-ma ina KI imitti samhuCT 20 7 K.3999:9, cf. ina KI MA§.TAB.BATCL 6 1 r. 48 (both SB ext.), possibly to beread er.etu or a4ru, see ergetu mng. 3d,aSru A mng. le.

b) in the sky or on a celestial body -1' identified by a constellation: the moonwas eclipsed ina KI MUL.GIR.TAB ABL1444 r. 1; anniu ~i udiu qaq-qu-ru E$albatdnu isahhuruni ana lumni ukallunithis is the only area where Mars becomesretrograde which they consider bad ABL519 r. 9, see Parpola LAS No. 13, also ibid. r. 19;ina qaq-qar MUL.SIPA.ZI.AN.NA ittamar(Jupiter) became visible in the area ofOrion ABL 744 r. 1, see Parpola LAS No. 290,

qaqqaru A 5dcf. Thompson Rep. 221:2; Jupiter ina ... KIMUJL.MUL U MUL.GUD.AN.NA Hunger Uruk94:6, cf., wr. qaq-qar ibid. 31, Weidner Ge-stirn-Darstellungen 11 i 5, wr. KI ibid. 14VAT 7851 Section 7:1, Hunger Uruk 27 r. 20,LBAT 1597:6ff., and passim; for KI "lon-gitude" (of the sun and stars) see Neu-gebauer ACT 2 p. 478b; for qaq-qar kigari(ibid. p. 487a) see kiru mng. 13.

2' identified by the prediction as-sociated with that area: Jumma ana KImahzr le'im qibd talakkan if you wantto make a prediction concerning the areaof the price of barley Hunger Uruk 94:1,cf. ibid. 9; Mercury ina KI Elamti IGI.LA-ma ibid. 93:5, cf. KI a attald ikcunu theregion where it (the moon) is eclipsedibid. 3; the solar eclipse in Nisannu qaq-qa-ru Sa KUR SU.BIR 4.KI la ilput did notaffect the region of Assyria ABL 1391:18,see Parpola LAS No. 110, cf. ina KI mat Ak=kadi Hunger Uruk 94:16, and passim in thistext; qaq-qu-ru bit ulappatanni u Sdri dliku... innassaha (see lapdtu mng. 4a) ABL38 r. 7, see Parpola LAS No. 25, cf. (in brokencontext) Thompson Rep. 267 r. 14.

c) other set-aside areas: ana qaq-qarkit-te Sa ama4 u Adad isanniqma thediviner approaches the area selected asproper for the performance of the ex-tispicy BBR No. 75:19, cf. BBR No. 1-20:2,cf. qaq-qar tameti ann[ti]z Wiseman Treaties385; PN ina ka-aq-qa-ri a dini aSbu .. .ina ka-aq-qa-ri a dini l ibu (see adbumng. ld-5') JEN 332:2 and 9 (Nuzi); inumatuqatta mamma qa-qa-ar-§u liabat tdhazamlipuS when you have finished (the earthramp), let everyone take his place, let (theenemy) give battle KBo 1 11 obv.(!) 17, seeGiiterbock, ZA 44 116 (UrAu story).

d) blank space: qaq-qu-ru imtz[dma]there was room left (on the writing board)Hunger Kolophone No. 51:4, cf. (also referringto wooden tablets) qaq-qu-ru ma'ad ABL1277:11, see Parpola LAS No. 318 (both NA);2 Ju-i qaq-qar ina muhhi lei mulfuruJCS 6 66:26, cf. ibid. 5 and 21 (LB).

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qaqqaru A 5ee) site, location, position of a building,

an object - 1' of a building: anhussuunekkir qa-qar-gu u'eni I removed its(the temple's) weakened remains andchanged its site Weidner Tn. 17 No. 8:16; eliubtiu kitti ul epuma eni qd-qd-ar-u

it was not built upon its proper emplace-ment, its site having been changedOECT 1 pl. 25 ii 12 (Nbn.), cf. (obscure) epidget-ti kdpidu eni qaq-qar-u (see eni v.mng. lg-4' LambertBWL 130:96; akSuahratimi qaq-qar ali 6udtu u bitdt ildni la mu§-8i(see mussi v. mng. Ic) OIP 2 84:53 (Senn.),of. ibid. 137:38; over the (old) foundationterrace ofEulmai I placed this foundationterrace eli pa-ni qaq-qar agkunu au lamae temenna Eulma4 Eulma4S puS I putit (the terrace) upon the level(?) of the(former) location, (and) so that the found-ation terrace of Eulmai not be forgotten,I (re)built Eulma CT 34 33 iii 4 (Nbn.),cf. igtu pa-ni qd-qd-ri-im 18 KUl uap=pilma OECT 1 pl. 26 ii 43 (Nbn.), also pa-niqd-qd-ru ugappilma CT 37 16 iii 11 (Nbk.);umma bitu ina qaq-qa-ri-u KI asurre

URU(?) BE (obscure, see asurri mng. Ic)CT 40 2:46 (SB Alu).

2' of an object: qd-qd-ar gipkat IM.SIG4.DU8 the place where bricks arestored Gautier Dilbat 12:2; ina qd-aq-qd-arilqi agurram i-x ut&r he returns the(borrowed) kiln-fired bricks to the placefrom which he took (them) TCL 11 212:5(OB), cf. Greengus Ishchali 235:5; qaq-qa-ruana PN ukallimma ... IN.NU ... ana PNinandin he will indicate to PN the location(from which to take clay) and will givestraw to PN (for making bricks, for contextsee labdnu A mng. la) Langdon Kish 3pl. 14 1929,144:6 (NB); ina qaq-qar 5eha-[t]iuS[ettaq] he passes (the torch) by theemplacement of the censers (parallel: inamuhhi palri, ina qabal biti) Or. NS 21137: 16, cf. tallak ina qaq-qar I-yti tuSettaq(parallel: ina qabal biti, ina muhhi Sghtid)Ebeling Parfiimrez. pi. 10:5, see Or. NS 21 130f.,also (parallel: ina parakki tugettaq) qaq-

qaqqaru A 8aqar iehti la qardbi <tuSettaq? > ibid. 13(takultu rit.), and parallel STT 88 xii 16, seeFrankena, BiOr 18 201 x 16; I erected thestatue ina qaq-qi-ri e-qi at the emplace-ment of the . . . . 3R 7 ii 44 (Shalm. III), seeSchramm Einleitung 72.

f) other space: dullini ki ahd'ig nikriknepu ka-qu-ru ibaAsi u ana maggartinisIG5 we will promptly(?) perform ourritual, there is space (for it) and (thespace) is suitable for our watching (thebed) ABL 433 r. 5; ana maddkti ka-qu-ruma'da PN uktallim (see maddktu mng. la)ABL 100 r. 8; kittu qaq-qu-ru ana sadari eaias a matter of fact, there is little room formaneuvering ABL 17:8, see Parpola LAS No.174 (all NA); 20 lu-u qaq-qa-ri ina paninirapa4 5 marditi qaq-qa-ru 40 x ribit EN.NUN ABL 617:6f. (NB).

6. open country: u ina ~B duri AN.MISin ana ka-qi-ri la illak during the periodof the eclipse of the moon (the king) mustnot go to the open country ABL 437 r. 13,see Parpola LAS No. 280; dlu ana pani~unuul dlumi qa-qa-ru ana panI[unu] ul qa-qa-ru KBo 19 98 col. b 6f. (Naram-Sin legend).

7. surface, area (in math.): a brick, xis its length, y is its width, z is its heightKI SAHAR.BI . . . EN.NAM what is (its)area and its volume ? MCT 91 3, and passimin this text; 10 rup am 6utamhir 1,40 ka-qd-ra tammar square 10, the width, youget 1,40, the area TMB 130 No. 232:2, also233:2, and passim in math., see TMB indexp. 224, MCT index p. 163; qd-qd-rum eliqd-qd-rum EN.NAM SUKUD how muchhigher is one level (of water in a water-clock) than the other level? TMB 26 Nos.50:3, 51:1, 52:4.

8. the earth - a) used in oppositionto Sama: the miqtu disease itu 6am inaqa-qa-ri intaqta fell from heaven to theearth Ugaritica 5 17 r. 12 (inc.); Anum abuSaitu Samd'e ippugalli qd-qd-ar-6u-umAnu, her father, cast her down fromheaven to earth BIN 4 126:13 (OA inc.), see

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qaqqaru A 8avon Soden, Or. NS 25 142; [te]rralu ana qd-qd-ri-Su send him (Adapa) back to theearth (from heaven) EA 356:70; malkatamdmi a-ka-aq-qd-ri andku Itar I, IMtar,

am queen of the heavens to(?) the earthVAS 10 213:8 (OB hymn to IMtar), cf. ibid. 6and 10, dUTU nur 6amdme u qaq-qa-ri (var.qaq-qar) Wiseman Treaties 422; [u]sappi amal A dad bdr& Samdme qaq-qar I prayedto Aama§ and Adad, the diviners of heavenand earth Streck Asb. 258 i 33; kabtat pul:hatka qd-aq-qd-ra-am [u S]a-ma-i emdetheavy weighs your fearsomeness, itreaches earth and heaven JRAS Cent. Supp.pl. 7 ii 7 (OB lit.); [ill-su-u 6ami qaq-qa-ruirammum the heavens cried out, the earthwas rumbling Gilg. V iii 15; [ia] §ameqi[la] 9a qaq-qa-ri 6imd pija (you) ofheaven, listen, (you) of the earth, hearkento my words KAR 71 r. 2; kima amm elqa-aq-qa-ri-im habrat just as heaven issuperior(?) to the earth (so may my wordbe superior to your word) RA 36 10:11(Akk.-Hurr. bil.); [6?] ana jdSi kima AN-eandku ana idJu [kima qaq]-qa-ri BMS13:20 (+) Loretz-Mayer Su-ila 47 r. 3'; ina ilizaSam BAR.ME§ Sa qaq-qa-ri 6a'il hehas asked the gods of heaven, thesanctuaries of the earth (for a sign)gurpu II 121, also Maqlu VI 108; ina re46arrutija ... i4laknanimma iddt [da.miqti] ina Samdme (var. adds u) qaq-qa-ri Borger Esarh. 16 Ep. 12 iii 12, cf. ibid.45 ii 5, Streck Asb. 180:19; umi4amma inaniphi u riba ia famdmi u qd-qd-ri dummiqittdtia daily at (your) rising and settingmake my signs favorable in heaven and onearth VAB 4 226 iii 18 (Nbn.); k a Sameqaq-qu-ru ddrani [Sumu Sa] Sarri belija inamat ASlur lu ddra just as heaven andearth last forever, may the name of theking, my lord, last forever in Assyria ABL1173:6, see Parpola LAS No. 212; Sa ina Samla epiuni Sarru bez' ina qaq-qi-ri etapalwhat has not been done in heaven theking, my lord, has done upon earth ABL595+870+ :6, see Parpola LAS No. 129; i88i kamu qaq-qi-ri lumaka ASur luke'in ibid. 21;

qaqqaru A 8cAN-l KI / qaq-qa-ru Thompson Rep. 229:2;ta el Sdzu ina amdmi u qaq-qa-ri la idi[...] (Urartu) apart from which no [. . .]is known in heaven or on earth TCL 3 +AfO 12 146:337 (Sar.), cf. (Sum. broken) 4R 20:35;8a qaq-qa-ru agd iddinu 8a gam annituiddinu (Ahuramazda) who created thisearth, who created this heaven VAB 3 101§ 1:2 (Dar. E), and passim in Achaem.; note:x uv ina qaq-qa-ri x beru ina ame TCL6 21:5 and passim (LB astron.).

b) land (contrasted with sea): mdriPN itu qa-qa-ri u L.ME§ GN iitu ajabba(see ajabba usage a) EA 105:11 (let. ofRib-Addi).

c) in other contexts - 1' in lit.: malkua qaq-qa-ri unalMaqu Igpeka the rulers

of the earth kiss your feet Gilg. VII iii 44and VIII iii 3; [ina] qaq-qa-ri tuma'ir abrdtiana ilz rabuti tuiarbi zik[ra] on earth yougoverned the humans, among(?) the greatgods you made (your) name great LKA17:15, see Ebeling, Or. NS 23 346; nikkas anaqaq-qa-ri [. .. ] eru imqutma [Etana fell?]three cubits toward the earth, the eaglefell Bab. 12 pl. 11 Rm. 2,454 r. 17 (Etana);iulialMu ka-qd-ar-u raise him up to earth

RB 59 246 str. 7:6 (OB lit.); ina qaq-qar ibniilu dluAu AnSt 5 98:33 (SB Cuthean Legend),cf. eli qaq-qa-ru a ibnd qdtdka En. el.V 135.

2' in Achaem. inscrs.: Artaxerxes armdtdti a ina muhhi qaq-qar gabbi king ofall the countries that are on the entireearth VAB 3 123: 1, cf. a. . . ana RN SarriSarrutu iddinu ina qaq-qar agd rapidtu amdtdte md tu ina libbilu ibid. 85 § 1:5(Dar. Pg); I am Darius Sarru rab... .arruSa qaq-qa-ru agdta rabztu ruqtu the greatking, king of this wide and broad earthibid. 103 § 2:17 (Dar. E), cf. (Xerxes) Sarqaq-qa-ri rabtu rapatu ibid. 119 § 2:12, cf.ibid. 109 § 2:7, 113 § 2:6, 117 § 2:16, (Arta-xerxes) Sarri rabi [Sar]ri qaq-qa-ru ibid.125:2.

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qaqqaru B9. nether world: zunnani klina nalMi

guhhani kima dimti rzdani qaq-qar-u-unu m rain down like dew, flow down liketears, go down to the nether world AfO23 43:32 (SB fire inc.), parallel K.6057 (courtesyW. G. Lambert); ana DINGIR-tum beiti [qa] q-qi-ri rabztu to DN, mistress cf the "greatearth" LKA 62 r. 10 and 12, see Ebeling, Or.NS 18 35f., cf. ana KUR.NU.GI4.A qaq-qa-ri[. . .] CT 15 45:1 (Descent of Ittar).

10. floor: see gii.ki.ma = qaq-qarGI§.[MA] wooden floor of a boat Hh. IV365, in lex. section.

Knudsen, JCS 15 86ff. Ad mng. 3d: Balkan, Or.NS 36 411 n. 3. Ad mng. 5e: Baumgartner, ZA 3637 f.

qaqqaru B s.; (a type of wool or gar-ment); RS, Nuzi.

3 TOG qa-qa-ru ma-[...] MRS 6 207RS 15.135:12; wool given ana fimi ana2 MA.NA tabarriwe ka-aq-qa-ri to buytwo minas of red q.-wool HSS 15 329:5,cf. ibid. 11.

qaqqu (gakku) s.; name of the cunei-form sign GAG; SB; wr. GAG.

du-u, ru-u, ga-ag GAG (sign name:) qaq-qu S a

194ff.; [du-u], da-a], [ru-u], [he-e]n-bur, ga-agGAG (sign name:) ga-[ak-ku] Ea II 1-6, cf. MIN(= la-'-u) LAL.GAG (sign name:) MIN (= la-al) gaq-qa-ku = ribbdtu Ea I 253; [da-la IGI.G]AG i-gigaq-qa-k[u] = [.il-lu-u] Ea V 195'.

summa GAG if there is (a mark in theform of) a GAG sign (on his cheek?) KAR395 r. ii 7 (physiogn.).

qaqqaf s.; (mng. unkn.); lex.*mu-u MU = ni- I qaq-qu-u A III/4:21.

Variant based on an exemplar in whichthe sign could be interpreted as either NIor GAG.

qaqqullu (qdqullu, qdqultu) s.; 1. (aplant), 2. (a tree), 8. (a bird); MB,SB, NB.

qaqi[6.teme(inverted NAGA)] = man-[gu], qaq-[qul-

lu], 5[a-me-fu] Hh. XVII 78ff., cf. 6. sa""aTEME =[qa-qu-lum] RS Recension 57, in MSL 10 109;te-e fJ.NAGA-ten~ = man-gu, qa-qu-lum, 6d-me-tuDiri IV 6 ff.; te-me NAGA-tenu = qa-qu-lum, man-gu,id-mi-tu A VII/4:98f.; [a.TEME] : t man-gu, Usa-me-tu, f qa-qu-lu Uruanna II 278-280, [...]:t MIN ibid. 281, [f.SAG.IL] : qa-qu-lu (in samecontext) ibid. 282-284, cf. [Ui.tem]e, [ui.sag.i]l= qa-qu-lu (in same context, see mangu B) VAT11940:6 and 9, in MSL 10 100; ft.NAGA.ginx(GIM)he.dim.e = kima qa-[qu-li] liS-[mut-su] NabnituQ 87; SUHU qa-qu-li : [U M]u ba(?)-ab(?)-xSTT 94:14.

bur[u5.x.x.mugen] = ku-lu-up-(pu>-u = ki-[ri]p(or -lip)-pu-u qa-qu-ul-lum Hg. B IV 300, inMSL 8/2 170, completed by RA 17 156 K.7712,cf. [x.x.muen] = ku-lu-ip-pd(text -ku) // ki-rip(or -lip)-pu-u = qa-qu-ul-lum Hg. C I 22, inMSL 8/2 172.

1. (a plant): qa-qu-ul-lu SAR CT 1450:24 (NB list of plants in Merodachbaladan'sgarden); I throw down (atabbak) the ene-mies ki qa-a-qi-li HS 1885:14 (unpub. MBtext, cited AHw. 901 sub qdqullu).

2. (a tree): hutpald(GIg.TUKUL.SAG.NA 4) §a GIB qa-qu-ul-li teppuS ... GI§.TUKUL dAMAR.UD au-ma (beside a hutpaliof GI§.MA.NU.TUR.TUR = mart) youmake a mace out of q., it is the mace ofMarduk K.3457+8195+10632:8 (rit.), see Bor-ger, BiOr 30 182; GI§.TUKUL dMarduk = qa-qu-ul-tu (in list of divine weapons identi-fied as marti, etc., see hihinu) 3R 69No. 3:76.

3. (a bird): see Hg., in lex. section.In the 3R ref. the last sign is probably

to be emended.For rab qdquldte (or qaqqullate) see kak=

kullu in rabi qaqqullte.

qaqfi s.; (a bird); OB, MB; cf. qaqdnu.u5.sim mugen = qa-qu-u Hh. XVIII 373;

u 5 .sim mu6en = qa-qu-t = tar-ma-zi-lu, u 5 .munmuen = pa-'-d = qa-qa-nu Hg. C I 36f., in MSL8/2 173; [u 5].sim mulen = qa-qu-i= [tar-ma-zi-lu] Hg. B IV 251, in MSL 8/2 167.

Sa .. . hiftu ina eqlim ina la ma.garMU§EN qd-q-e.ME§ ra-bu-um (for rabz=turn) ibbaSii that there occurs much

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qaqulludamage in the field because there is noguard against q.-birds VAS 16 179:11 (OBlet.); [x] qa-qu-u MUAEN (in list of birdsreceived by the fowler, between UZ.TUR.MU§EN and UZ.MU§EN) CBS 8738:2 (MB,courtesy W. van Soldt).

qaqullu s.; (a type of field); NB.*1 GUR KU qa-qu-ul-lu U§.SA.DU [...]

one gur of. ... q. (field) adjoining [...]82-7-14,1791 r. 8; x gur (of flour) LU erre)eSd KU qa-qu-lu of the .... q. (field)(parallel: erree6a itti ikkardti) Nbk. 131:20,cf. dates ZAG.LU makkur SamaS d KU qa-qu-ul 82-7-14,256:2; [meS]hdta ZAG(?) xKU(or LU) qa-qu-ul-l[u ... ] measure-ments of the .... of the .... q. (fields)(followed by measurements and names)Dar. 47:1, cf. [.. .] KU(or LU) qa-qu-ul-lu(heading of list of fields) 82-7-14,2099:1.

In each ref. the word is preceded by thesign KU (in Dar. 47:1 and 82-7-14,2099: 1 morelike LU), whose reading and meaning areunknown.

qqullu see qaqqullu.

qiqultu see qaqqullu.

qarab-biti (qerab-biti) s.; 1. storeroom,2. inner quarters of a house; OA; cf.qerebu.

1. storeroom: 35 TiG ina qd-ra-bi4-tim ibaAiu 35 textiles are in the store-room TCL 20 158:16, cf. (jars) a i-qd-ra-bi4 -tim iblianim KT Hahn 40:7; ina Aittasudtim a PN u jdti a a§iniu larmanimai-qd-ra-bi4 -tim iba £iani 9A.BA 1 suam anaPN2 dinama of the two millstones be-longing to PN and me which are stored,broken in two, in the storeroom, of thesegive (pl.) one millstone to PN2 TCL 2098:10, cf. (wagons, plows) [ina] qd-ra-bi 4-tim i-b[a(?)-i-] BIN 6 258:11; makci"u pirikanni kunukk Sa PN a ina qd-ra-bi-tim ezibu the skins and the pirikannu gar-

qarabuments under the seals of PN that I left inthe storeroom VAT 9254:6; the day you(pl.) read my tablet ana qd-ra-bi4 -tim er=bama mehrija imdma enter the storeroom(of my house) and read my documents(and collect every mina of silver outstand-ing) TCL 19 30:7, cf. ana qd-ra-bi4 -tim er:bama tuppja pitia TCL 14 19:4; Sa fkimalabini a-qd-ra-bi4-tim nuSeribma [k]ima Akunukki tuppi u kuluma fral-Q~-ru we hadthe representatives of our principal enterthe storeroom, and (it appeared) thatthe sealed room, the tablets, and every-thing were well guarded CCT 2 33:24;3 -ubdti a qd-ra-bi4-tim PN ublam PNhas brought me three textiles from thestoreroom VAT 9282:10, cf. ibid. 2, citedLewy, KT Hahn p. 50f. ad 40:7, cf. 25 TUGi-qa-ra-bi4-tim alqe JCS 26 69:16; 10GIN a-qd-ra-bi4 -tim RA 59 25 MAH 16204:10;ina x TUG kutdn ... . a PN uleiannimaina q'-ra-bi4-tim ezibu 5 kutdni andkualqe from the x kutdnu textiles whichPN sent up and left in the storeroom Itook five kutdnu textiles ICK 1 173:5, cf.fuppi ... ina qe-ra-bi4-tim ina libbi tup:pija §uknalu TCL 19 36:13.

2. inner quarters of a house: .uhdramana mamman la tulliri ina q6-ra-bi-tim-malirbi you (fem.) should not relinquish thechild to anyone else, he should grow upin the inner part of the house CCT 236a:25.

Because of the writing qd-ra-bi/bi4-tim(never qd-ra-ab bi/bi4 -tim) the word istaken as a compound.

J. Lewy, KT Hahn p. 50f. ad 40:7.

qarabu s.; battle, fight; NA; Aram. lw.sandqu, mit-hu-qu = qa-ra-bu LTBA 2 No.

2:238f., parallel No. 1 v 30f., cf. sa-na-qu = qa-ra-bu An IX 23; t-ru-mu = qa-ra-bu ibid. 25, dupl.(with var. -Su, see qardSu) LTBA 2 No. 2:242.

a) with eppuu to do battle, to fight:they have made holes in the door qa-ra-bu ina libbi uppuSu and (now) arefighting inside (mng. uncert.) ZA 511 40:69,

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qarabu

dupl. ZA 52 226:25, cf. dlu ana muhhi[u]ittabalkat qa-ra-bu ina libbi u[ppu]Su thecity revolted against him (Marduk), andthey rioted in it ZA 51 134:23, dupl. [...qa-r] a-bu utappil ZA 52 226:13 (cultic comm.);you swear that ina muhhiu la tabbalak-.katani ina gammurti libbikunu qa-ra(var.adds -a)-bu issidu la tuppa[aniSunni]you will revolt against him (the rebelking) and wholeheartedly fight him Wise-man Treaties 311; qa-ra-bu ina GN .. itap=pi4u they have made an attack on GNIraq 25 76 No. 79:4, cf. qa-ra-bu uil-pa-dSIraq 20 200 No. 47:14 (coll. S. Parpola); SituPN ina GN qa-ra-bu i-sa-ha-ji-si uppuAuhe (and) PN are fighting each other in GNABL 645:10; §umma qa-ra-bu tuppal epfauld rammea md andku ina libbi la qurbdkif you want to fight, do it or let it go,I have nothing to do with it ABL 174:14.

b) other occs.: my lord [ana q]a-ra-bi lu la iqarrib must not take partin the battle CT 53 958:5, cf. [LO].GAL.ME -- ka qa-r[a-bu luppiu?] ibid. 8, alsoina qar-a-bi la ni-il-lak ABL 1315:19, cf.ibid. 11, 17, r. 10, qar-a-bi (in broken con-text) CT 53 824:8; GIA.MA.MEA qa-ra-bimala ittiu dbe tdhazi u abbitu ina qdteall the warships he (Tirhaka, who hadfled from Memphis) had with him, thetroops captured Streck Asb. 160:23, cf. GI§til-li qa-ra-bi battle equipment ibid. 52vi 17; lullik 5a KUR Urartaja limur qa-rab-Si-nu I want to go and test how theUrartians fight STT 43:14 (Shalm. III),see AnSt 11 150:14; ina libbi qa-ra-bi usse=teqa ABL 424 r. 4, cf. (in broken context) Iraq20 182 No. 39:8, Iraq 17 26 No. 2:27', Iraq 3522:8 (all NA letters).

von Soden, Or. NS 37 264, Or. NS 46 192.

qarabu see qerebu.

qaradu A v.; (mng. uncert.); EA, SB,NA; I imp. qurud, 1/2, 11/2.

a) qarddu (EA only): qi-ru-u[d-mi]ana 6arri bil[ika] urge(?) the king, your

qarahulord (remainder broken) EA 69:30, cf.qu-ru-ud-mi ana §arri belija EA 87:25 (bothletters of Rib-Addi).

b) 1/2: [...].gal SAG.KAL [x X g]i.na tag.tag.ga [x x (x) ha.r]a.ab.be.na.a : an ilik marmaihuti Qihi qit-rad-ma le'imma liqb2ka .... smilinglyfor the task of the paiu priest, so thatthey will say of you: (He is) a skilled manLambert BWL 252 iii 17.

c) II: LU angq uq-ta-ri-da-a§-6u thepriest .... -ed him (in accordance withthe king's orders) ABL 633+(= CT 53 46):26,cf. LO.ID uq-ta-[ri-da-d-nu(?)] zaqipdniissakanunu ABL 1014 r. 10 (NA).

qaradu B v.; to pluck wool; lex.*; cf.qerdu s., qurrudu adj.

§IDqd-ra-du Proto-Izi I 257.

zA // ba-qa-a-mu II z / qa-ra-du, z // na-sa-a-hu RA 13 137 r. 5f. (comm.).

The mng. proposed is based on theparallelism with baqdmu and on the mng.of the derivatives. In the omen Summaahu libitti bit ameli i-qar(or -kdr)-ra-du

(var. u-qar-ra-zu) if pigs .... the brick-work of a man's house Leichty Izbu XXII18', var. from CT 38 45:18 and 46:18 (SB Alu),the verb seems to represent a phoneticvariant to kard4u, q.v.; [.. .] x UDU.NITAi-x-[x Zu].ME§-i i-GA-rad AMT 26,9:5 +66,10:1 is obscure.

von Soden, Or. NS 26 135 f.

qaradu see qurrudu v.

qarahu v.; to become iced up; NA; Iiqruh - *iqarruh, II; cf. qarhu.§umma qar-hu ina muhhiSu la iq-ru-huif no ice forms on it ABL 1305 r. 2; (theyshall proceed?) adi qar-hu la i-qar-ra-hu-ni before it ices up ABL 531 r. 17;PN GUD(?) ... naphar annte a GA.ME§5a salliate a qa-ru-hi a janiqi Sa gu~urePN (and five other persons) all these who(are in charge of) the milk, the (fruit)

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qaramubaskets, the sherbet(?), the januqu meat,(and) the beams ADD 909 r. 2.

The ADD ref. most likely represents aII inf.

Landsberger, ZA 42 157 f.; von Soden, Or. NS 37264.

qaramu v.; to overlay; MA, NA; I (onlystative attested), II; cf. qirmu.

tu-qar-ram 5R 45 K.253 vi 1 (gramm.).

4 armu hammurtu 5a iqi hurdEa qar-mufour recumbent armu bucks made of wood,overlaid with gold AfO 18 306 iv 8, cf. ibid. 5,(a bronze object) garpa qa-ri-im ibid. 308iv 19f., 25, 27, la qa-ri-im ibid. 28 (MAinv.); obscure: qar-mat qar-mat PostgatePalace Archive 99 case 8 and 9 (NA); aki ha hdeqa-ri-mu 1-en DU x v-ku ta ru x LKA35:13 (lit.).

qaranu see gardnu.

qararu s.; (a textile); NA*; pi. qard=rdtu; wr. syll., often qar-dru(PA).

GI§.NA adi GI§.DA(?) 3 TUG dappasdtiT<JG qar-ra-ru (listed among articlesgiven as dowry) K.880b:10 (NA let.); kirika9a TUG qa-ra-a-ru 2 TUG dappasate TUGqirmu (among garments and furnituregiven as dowry) Iraq 16 55 ND 2307:23, seePostgate NA Leg. Docs. No. 14; 2 TjG dap-paadt 1 TUG qirmu 1 TUG guleni 1 TUGqar-dru(PA) 1 TOG SI.LUH annite §a er ia bit Serua la ni-in-tu-ha two tappatu

garments, one qirmu, one gulenu, one q.,one .... , these (are articles) for the bedin the temple of DN, we have not brought(them) ADD 959:4; 2 kublu 3 $iprat SA5KAR 4 qar-dru(PA) SI ME GtN.A(!) ADD957:9; 2 TUG qa-ra-rrat1.ME§ (in list ofgarments) Iraq 23 20 (pl. 10) ND 2311:4, seePostgate, Iraq 41 101; wool ana T1YG qar-[dru] (parallel: ana TIOG qirmu) ADD 954:6.

qararu (gardru) v.; 1. to flow, to over-flow, 2. to pour, 3. qurruru to spray,to sprinkle, 4. IV (unkn. mng.); MB,

qarAru

SB, NB; I iqarrur, pl. (in mng. 2) iqarraru, iqarru, II, IV; cf. qaruru.

hal = ga-ra-ru, hal. hal = MIN Ad me-e (followedby MIN Sa L1J, nagarruru, see gardru A) AntagalIII 22 f.; [du-ru] [A] = ru-ut-bu-um, x-lum, [la]b-ku, [na]-qar-ru-ru MSL 2 126 i 7ff. (Proto-Ea).

hal I qa-ra-ra 8d A.ME§ CT 41 45 BM 76487:9(Uruanna Comm., to Kocher Pflanzenkunde 28 ii27); ig-da-nar-ru-ur: i-qar-ru-ur Hunger Uruk33:3 (comm. to Labat TDP Tablet VII).

tu-qar-ra-dr 5R 45 K.253 vi 3 (gramm.).

1. to flow, to overflow: 6umma ndru mekajamdnutu ubilma mina kima rddi i-qar-ru-ri KI.MIN idarraru if a river carriesnormal (amounts of) water, but its wateroverflows, variant: runs off, like (that of)a downpour CT 39 17:60 (SB Alu); uncert.:tettirma hiqba la qdtd qa-ri-ra tepti (seeetiru A mng. 3b-2) AfO 19 65 iii lowerportion 8 (SB lit.).

2. to pour: 1 MA.NA a-ba-ra a-naK[A-S]u i-qar-ra-ru they will pour onemina of (molten) lead into his mouth (aspunishment) 3N-T147:29 (MB leg., courtesyJ. A. Brinkman), also BBSt. No. 30 r. 4 (NB),cf. ga dabdba annd inf ... 1 MA ESIR 1 MAkupra ana pi~u i-qa-ar-ru CBS 10733 r. 9,see RA 73 188, note: 1 MA.NA a-ba-ra anapiu u-q[ar-ra-ru] UET 7 25 r. 12 (both MBleg.).

3. qurruru to spray, to sprinkle: amnapdka tumalla ana appi ularibu tu-qar-ra-aryou fill your mouth with oil (and) sprayit onto his glans penis AMT 66,7:16, cf. Ihalna ana KA-Sd tu-qar-ra-dr Kocher BAM201:12, also AMT 55,7:14; ina i hal4i inamuhhi lildni u tu-qar-ra-dr you sprinkle(the medication) onto his tongue in haluoil RA 40 116:11, also Kocher BAM 43:7; i.§IM.LI gind ana nakkaptiu tu-qar-<ra>-dr youregularly sprinkle juniper oil on histemples Kocher BAM 3 iii 48; me kaitiana muhhi reiu tu-qar-ra-dr yousprinkle cold water on his head KiichlerBeitr. pi. 1 i 13; md Sunf baluiti ana qaq=qadilu tu-qar-ra-dr you sprinkle boiled

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qarAru6unu sap on his head CT 23 26 ii 8 (= KocherBAM 480); see also UET 7 25, cited mng. 2.

4. IV (unkn. mng.): 6umma kakkabSame imqutma kima me ig-ga-ri-ir if afalling star shimmers (?) like water BM47461 :22' (EnumaAnu Enlil), with explanationA ig-ga-ri-ir libbu A.ME§ i-sa-am-bu-u'water shimmers (?) (means) as waterripples (?) ACh IMtar 30:50.

The verb qardru, said of fluids, is usedboth as intransitive (pres. iqarrur) and astransitive (pres. iqarrar). It is here dif-ferentiated from gardru A and gardru Bon the basis of the meaning as well as thedistribution of the spellings.

qararu see gardru A.

qari~u (gardfu) v.; 1. to trim, carve(meat), to make dough into loaves (?),2. qurruu (uncert. mng.); OB, SB, NB;I iqarral, II; cf. qiru A, quraStu.

pad, kid, im.kid, Au.bibr.biur = qa-ra-gum,ninda.im.kid = NINDA qi-ir-6i, ba, ku.dub(!).ba = qur-ru-Sum Nabnitu J 292-298; ki-dKID =qa-ra-F,, bu-lu-ugBuR = MIN d OGI (followed byqura.tum) Antagal G 28f.; ku-ud KUD = qd-ra-suA 111/5:77.

u-ru(var. adds -um)-mu = qa-ra- u(var. -bu)LTBA 2 No. 1 v 34 and dupl. No. 2:242.

tu-qar-ra 5R 45 K.253 vi 2 (gramm.).

1. to trim, carve (meat), to make doughinto loaves (?) - a) to trim, carve meat:uzu riqti uzu bdb urkdti uzu hilidamuuzu hini ul i-ga-ra-d6 he will not cutoff the omasum, the ... ., the hilidamu,or the fatty tissue Nbk. 247:9, cf. (insimilar context), wr. i-qar-ra-d Nbk. 416:2,also [riqi] tu bab ulkdti hilidamu uzu[hini ul i]-ga-ar-'u Peiser Vertrage 107:9(coll. F. W. Geers).

b) to make dough into loaves (?): see(with Sum. equivalents pad, (im.)kid,Su. bdr. b r) Nabnitu, in lex. section.

2. qurruSu (uncert. mng.): U4.HI.INga irld libbiluma liquru ana ger kurummd..

qarbuhutifunu li-qd-ar-ri-[f]u-ma likulu theyshould dry and save the dates that theyhave received, they should .... and eatthem in addition to their rations TLB 411:28 (OB let.); ana NU TE ina KI SUBNINDA u-qar-ra ana SILA.LIM.MA ina-x[. . .] so that (the evil) not approach (him)he . ... .- s bread on the place where hefell, [he ... ] to the square Ebeling KMI55:9 (coll. F. W. Geers); 6umma lildndu i-qar-ra-ad if he ... -s his tongue Labat TDP62:15.

qarattu see qardu.

qars'u see qeru.

qarbatu see qerbetu.

qarbitu s. pl.; (mng. uncert.); NA.*qar-ba-te-ia -ma-ma-ni uerrab I will

let my q.-s bring in the animals ABL 433r. 11; [q]ar-ba-ti-ia ina IoI-[~ assapra]nuk I sent my q.-s to him, saying ABL1346 r.(!) 6, cf. qar-ba-ti-ia [. . .] assapraCT 53 693:4; UD.4.KAM [. . .] ina libbi [dli]iqtarba qar-ba-te-Su usseia on the fourthhe arrived in Assur and brought out hisq.-s ABL 562:12; qar-ba-te-ii 4 su ma(in broken context) ABL 510:11.

The term seems to refer to a group ofpersons.

Parpola, OLZ 1979 32 s.v. qerbetu.

qarbitu s.; (a garment for the statueof a god or goddess); NB.*

TUG qar-bit (beside fer'itu and othergarments for gamag, Aja, and Bunene)BBSt. No. 36 v 43 and 55, vi 1 and 4; TUG qar-bit GAL ibid. v 49.

qarbu see qerbu s.

qarbuhu s.; (a plant); plant list.*fj qar-bu-hu : v MIN (= bu-'-Md-nu) Uruanna II

112.

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qarbfim

qarbfm (AHw. 903a) see qerb adj.

qarbuitu see qurbitu in a qurbiti.

qardammu (qurdammu) s.; wicked, ro-guish person; SB.

Iu.gil.gil = qar-da-mu Lu Excerpt II 185.Au.ur.ur.zi.ga.zu dlr.ra.ginx(GIM) lu.gil.

gil gir.gir he.en.ak : kailfki nadru kima Irraqar-da-mu lilabriq may your (Istar's) fearful weap-on strike the wicked with lightning like the plaguegod RA 12 74:19f.; ld.gil.gil si.nu.sa.e.dami.ni.i[n . . .] : qar-da-mi la [. . .] (the horses)[trample?] the wicked who are not [.. .] 4R 12 r. 5f.

qar-da-mu = eg-ru Malku I 79, qar-da-mu, a-dam-mu, tu-qu-un-td = nak-ru ibid. 80ff.; ga-ru-i =nak-ru, qar-da-mu = eg-ru An VIII 83 f.

[e.sa].gil = kdSid naphar qar-da-mu E bi-i-tusA ka-Sa-du KIL nap-ha-ru GIL qar-da-mu AfO 17133:23f. (comm. on the name Esagil).

aSSu haatm pz muStarhi kds puridi qar-dam-mi in order to muzzle the mouth ofthe insolent, to shackle the legs of thewicked TCL 3 9 (Sar.); (Ninurta) mut,taklammi qar-da-[mi] KAR 83 r. i 13; matqar-da-mu li-ge-sak-ka (see gesu) unpub.Jena text, cited von Soden, Or. NS 24 383; KI.MIN (= tele'i) sa-hi dd-ma i eli qur-da-me§akdnu you are able to place the ....of SamaS on the rogue STT 71:24, see RA53 135, cf. KI.MIN ina girri naphu qar(textam) -da-me na-Sd-a-[x] you are able tothrow the rogue into a blazing fire ibid.28; dan-ni qar-da-me (in broken context)BMS 21:46.

qardaninu see karadnannu.

qardu (fem. qarittu, qarattu) adj.; heroic,valiant; from OAkk. on; cf. qardutu,*qarittu, qarrddu, qarrddutu, qitrudu,gurddu, qurdditu, qurdu A, qurrudu v.,taqridu.

[g]f. mur.ak = qar-du-um Kagal D Section 7 :7;[...] = qar-du MSL 12 141 ND 4373 ii 5-6a.

ga-M-an GA§AN = qa-rit-tum A 11/4:217.dul dUtu dIkur ur.sag : etlal amaA dad qar-

du CT 16 20:75f., parallel ibid. 21 : 150f.; ga a an.an.na.men me.e nu.men tu.mu ur.sag dmu.ul.lil.[la.men] : iftartu ul andk mdrtu qa-rit-

qarduturn dMIN andku am I not the divine one, being theheroic daughter of Enlil? ASKT p. 126:18f.

u 4 .bi.ra.ra suh.sfih gu.mur.ak.da.meA :rihi4ti Adad teI qar-du-te Sunu they (the demons)are the scourge of Adad, they are confusion, theyare valiant CT 16 19:40f.; qar-du-tim ina Igigi(Zababa and Ittar) the most valiant among theIgigi (corr. to Sum. [nun.g]al.e.ne.er [g]ui.mur in.ak.e§. a. a) YOS 9 35 i5 (Samsuiluna),see RA 63 33:5; gu 4 .ud dAsar.re.kex(ID) :Marduk qar-du (for context see $Ihi) 4R 20 i 34 f.

qar-du, qar-ra-du, qu-ra-a-du = MIN (= qar-ra-[du]) Explicit Malku I 98ff.; qa-rit-t = dtarMalku VIII 109.

a) referring to gods - 1' in absoluteuse - a' in gen.: ina Igigz qar-da-ku inaAnunnaki gaSrdku I (Irra) am the mostvaliant among the Igigi, the strongestamong the Anunnaki Cagni Erra I 111, cf.ina ildni qar-da-ki LKA 17:10, see Or. NS23 346; i4tiat ilt[um] qar-da-at el kalailatim there is one goddess more valiantthan all (other) goddesses VAS 10 214 vi 21(OB Agugaja); luna'id urbuta i-ni-li qd-ra-at-ta I will praise the greatest, the mostvaliant one among the gods ibid. i 2, cf.qa-ri-it-ta mdrat Sin ilta telzta (incipitof a song) KAR 158 ii 16; Nan& beltu girti§urbiti ili qa-rit-ti VAS 1 36 i 2 (NB kudurru),cf. BA 5 664 No. 22:1, cf. (Itar) RA 22 58 i 2;Lugalmarada beli kullat qd-ar-dam YOS1 44 ii 17 and dupl. VAB 4 78 iii 30 (Nbk.); anaNinurta gegri dandanni &zri aSarid il UR.SAG (var. qar-du) AKA 254 i 1 (Asn.), cf.ADD 641:6, a Ninurta . . . [gaS]ri qar-di. . . andku STT 215 i 38 and dupls., see Ebe-ling, ArOr 21 409:9; Papulegarra hild'u mu.tarrir daini qar-du-um talim EnunnakiPapulegarra the noble, who makes themighty(?) tremble, the heroic one, brotherof the Anunnaki JRAS Cent. Supp. pl. 6 i 8(OB lit.); Bunene §arru tizqaru qar-du MDP2 p. 115:5 (MB kudurru); Nergal dannudannuildni ka4ka ildni zi-kir qar-du TCL 1213:17 (NB); zmuruma qar-da alaredu En.el. IV 70.

b' used as a superlative with followinggenitive: ina zikri Ninurta qar-di ildniat the command of Ninurta, the most

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valiant among the gods AKA 19:6 (A6§ur-rei-ili, = Weidner Tn. 54 No. 60); etlu dannu6a IStar qd-rit-ti ilati andku I am themighty man of DN, the most valiant of thegoddesses 5R 33 i 9 (Agum-kakrime), cf. BMS32:6, KAR 144 r. 1 and dupl., see RA 49 182:1;unli atlaki qa-rit-ti ildti move on, depart,most valiant of the goddesses Craig ABRT1 55 ii 5 (= BA 5 627); ana IAtar Uruk etelletSame u eryeti qa-rit-ti DINGIR.MES BorgerEsarh. 75:1, also 73 § 47:1; atti qa-rit-tiDINGIR.ME (Itar of Arbela) Streck Asb.114:44; dNinkarmunna qa-rit-ti [x] -x ra-'i-mat dUt-ux(GI GAL)-l[u] K.232+3371:28,partly in Craig ABRT 2 16:11.

2' in apposition to a divine name -a' qarittu DN: qd-ra-at-tum I tar RA 15176 ii 15 (OB Agulaja B); qd-rit-tu(var. -tum)IStar kanut ildti heroic Ihtar, honoredamong the goddesses BMS 5:11, see EbelingHanderhebung 60:1, also BMS 1:29 (catch line),also cited BBR No. 26 iii 55, aqictu 6Ipiutuqd-rit-tum IStar Craig ABRT 1 67:22 anddupl. KAR 144:13; qa-rit-ti IStar rabi qur-di-ki STC 2 pl. 78:34, see Ebeling Handerhe-bung 132; qa-rit-td Irnini KAR 25 ii 15, seeEbeling Handerhebung 14; ASur Ninlil qa-rit-ti dBe-let-[. . .] Streck Asb. 78 ix 87.

b' other occs.: Ea qar-du BIN 2 72:13(OB inc.), see von Soden, Or. NS 23 338; Ninurtaqar-du AKA 29 i 11 (Tigl. I), 182:35, 243 i 6,261 i 21, 384 iii 127 (all Asn.), also Tn.-Epic "ii"31, KAR 128 r. 26 (bil. prayer of Tn. II, Sum.broken); Girru qar-du Maqlu I 134, also (Irra)Streck Asb. 76 ix 57 and 78 ix 82; Marduk qar-du En. el. II 95 and IV 126; Mdr-biti qar-duVAS 1 36 i 17; ilu sibitti qar-du-ti AfO 825 vi 20 (Alur-nirari V); in personal names:Qar-dum-Adad RA 59 32 MAH 15876:12, alsoTCL 21 263:6, 9, KienastATHE 3:19, CCT 145:11(all OA); for OAkk. Qar-dum see MAD 5p. 100; Sunu-qar-du KAJ 73:24, and passimin MA, see Saporetti Onomastica 1 473 s.v.

3' in attributive use: Ninurta Aurbiilu qar-du JRAS Cent. Supp. pi. 2:1, also (Nusku)Craig ABRT 1 35:4, cf. [.. .] Igigi mansd

qardu

ila qar-da KAR 158 i 40; Adad Mardukilu qar-du-ti Surpu VIII 19; ilj sibitti iluqar-du-ti Borger Esarh. 79:12 and 96:10, alsoibid. 109 iv 5; (Adad) mdr Anim qar-du1R 70 iv 10 (Caillou Michaux), also TCL 3 147(Sar.), Unger Reliefstele 1 (Adn. III), also (Sin)KAR 69:23, (Girru) Maqlu II 104, III 183, IV 75,IX 31; tabnit Barsip qar-du (Nabf) heroicoffspring of Borsippa RT 19.61 No. 2:1 (SBlit.); Irnini mdrat Sin qa-rit-ti STC 2 pl.84:105, also pl. 75:5, see Ebeling Handerhebung130ff., also Streck Asb. 182:46, Farber IMtar undDumuzi 133:115; ina ITI.NE ITI MUL.BANmdrat Sin qa-rit-tu in the month of Abu,the month of the Bow star, (month) of theheroic daughter of Sin Streck Asb. 72 ix 10,cf. ibid. 198 iii 11; [ana] Ningal ... ummiill qa-rit-[tum] Streck Asb. 286:2; alti Eaqa-rit-td atti you (Damkina) are thevaliant spouse of Ea BMS 4:10, see EbelingHanderhebung 28, cf. (Irnina) ibid. 11; (Gula)azugallatu qa-rit-tu ZA 65 58:72 (MBkudurru).

b) referring to the king: RN etlu qar-du AKA 84 vi 55, also 46 ii 85, KAH 2 68:2,75:4, AfO 18 343:2 (all Tigl. I), Iraq 14 32:3,AKA 162:3, AAA 19 pl. 85 No. 272:2 (all Asn.),and passim in Asn., KAH 2 84:23 (Adn. II), Iraq25 52:9, WO 2 410 i 1 (both Shalm. III), LyonSar. 3:17, Winckler Sar. pl. 48:4, etc., see SeuxEpithetes 92 f.; etellu qar-du CT 37 21:3(Nbk.); zikaru qar-du KAH 2 84:17 (Adn. II),OIP 2 55:3, 66:1 (Senn.), Borger Esarh. 45 ii 13,Streck Asb. 6 i 39, etc., see zikaru mng. 2b;illakku qar-du BBSt. No. 6 i 3 (Nbk. I); ur.6dnu qar-du AOB 1 112:10 (Shalm. I), WeidnerTn. 26 No. 16 i 17; gugallam qd-ar-dam mu.makkir qarbdtim valiant canal inspectorwho irrigates the fields VAB 4 104 i 18,also ibid. 176 i 18, PBS 15 79 i 13, CT 37 5 i 10(all Nbk.); (GilgameS) [qa]r-du lillid UrukIraq 37 160 i 28 (Gilg. I).

c) said of troops: dbe tdhazija qar-du-ti . . . ina qereb elippti uSarkibluntima I had my brave warriors board boatsOIP 2 74:67 (Senn.); la etli qar-di purdduittura the steps of (even) the bravest man

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qarduturned back BBSt. No. 6 i 21 (Nbk. I); [nd4]azmarika lu qar-du JRAS 1920 568:14, seeLandsberger, MAOG 4 312 n. 1.

d) said of animals: kima ere qar-du-tiQruSSa uaprig I had (my troops) fly overit (the mountain road) like valiant eaglesTCL 3 25 (Sar.); Bunene admid pare qar-du-tu who drives spirited mules VAB 4260 ii 34 (Nbn.).

e) other occs.: lillu mdru pand i'alladle~m qar-du (var. qar-ra-[du]) a aninibissu a first child is born a weakling,but the name of the second is Able, BraveLambert BWL 86:263 (Theodicy); ina libbi qar-di a DN [dlik umel]ija narkabdti u um=mdndtija a[dki] (with the .... of Ninurtawho goes? at my right) with the braveheart of Adad who walks at my left Iset my chariotry and my troops in motionAfO 6 82 i 27 (AgAur-bel-kala); (if a child isborn when Mercury has come forth) DI§qar-da-at etellet emqdanpu-ug-<gu> -lu if it(the horoscope) is heroic, lordly, he (theboy) will be of massive strength TCL 614:31, see JCS 6 66.

qardu see gardu.

qarduitu s.; heroism, valor; SB; cf.qardu.

[nam.u]r.sag = qar-du-tum Izi Q 301.

a) of kings: a .. . aariduta gzirtaqar-du-ta taqigSAu to whom you (the greatgods) have granted leadership (in battle),high position, and heroism AKA 30 i 23;melam qar-du-ti-ja usehhipunuti the bril-liance of my valor overwhelmed them AKA48 iii 2; ina 6itmur qar-du-ti-ia-ma... anaGN allik in the impetuosity of my valorI marched against GN AKA 49 iii 7 (all Tigl. I);(the king) a ina metel qar-du-ti-nu whowith the might of his bravery (subjugatesthe enemy kings) (for parallels see qarsridtu) Weidner Tn. 10 No. 4 i 6, cf. BorgerEinleitung 136 iii 30 and 137:7 (A lur-bel-kala),cf. (the king) Sa. .. ina metel qar-du-ti-6u

qarhu

i4ddina <...> at the might of whosebravery their (the countries') foundations<are shaken?> 3R 7 i 9 (Shalm. III); kieri. . .met-la qar-du-tu lu-u lab-9i puluhtu luramt let my troops be girt(?) with powerand valor, laden with awe-inspiring terrorWiseman, BSOAS 30 497 i 15; litdt ASur belijatanitti qar-du-ti u mimma epit qdtija . ..ina qerbilu alfur the victories of AAtur,my lord, the glory of my valor, and allmy own deeds I inscribed thereon (onthis stela) 1R 30 iii 22 (Bami-Adad V), cf.(in similar context) tanatti qar-du-ti-iaIraq 14 33:30 (Asn.); eflu a AASur tanattiqar-du-ti-d 6utarruhu (see etlu mng.2b-2) KAH 2 84:77 (Adn. II); kma a inaqar-du-ti-ia-ma aASMur belu kakka dannamuekni4 la mdgiri qdti u4atmehuma miirmdtiSu ana ruppuSi iqbd as by my ownvalor on account of which ASur, thelord, put the mighty weapon that subduesthe disobedient in my hand and com-manded me to extend the frontiers of hisland AKA 47 ii 96 (Tigl. I); qar-du-rusl-su(in broken context) VAS 1 69:16; ta-[n]a(?)-'-id qar-du-ti-id Wiseman Chron. pl.20 BM 33041:9 (= Strassmaier Nbk. 329, VAB 4206 No. 48).

b) of I tar: (Igtar) §a paraq qar-du-ti(var. qar-ra-du-te) uklulat who is en-dowed with all the attributes of heroismKAH 2 84:4 (Adn. II), parallel AKA 244 i 10(Asn.), WO 2 144:13 (Shalm. III).

qaretu see qeritu.

qarhu s.; ice; NA;qardhu.

pl. qarhte; cf.

6u-ri-pu = qar-hu LTBA 2 No. 2:311.

kupp2 qar-hu dn the snow and ice aresevere ABL 544 r. 6, cf. 1arru bell uda kikup[pd] qar-ha-a-te ... ida'inuni Ki.1904-10-9,60:9 (courtesy K. Deller, = CT 53 158),see also ABL 1305 r. 2, ABL 531 r. 17, citedsub qardhu.

Landsberger, ZA 42 157 f.; von Soden, Or. NS37 264, Or. NS 46 192.

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qribuqiribu s.; (a bird); NA.

1000 qa-ri-be MUAEN.ME§ (listed withother fowl for the royal banquet) Iraq14 35:113 (Asn.); PN qa-ri-bu §a bir-ti [. .. ](parallels PN KUR.GI.MU§EN, PN adamsmumu lines 11f.) ADD 469 r. 10 (coll. S. Par-pola); for qdrib maghati see maghatu inqdrib maghati.

qariru (or gdriru) s.; (a profession orstatus); OB, Nuzi.

LU.SUR.RA LU ga-ri-pi qd-ri-ri LU.GUG 4.E (in list of professions) UET 7 73iii 12 (OB); kanikam §a x eqlim 5a ana17 LU. qd-ri-ri.ME§ Jamutba[li] innaddinuuStdbilakkum ana pi kanikim §udti eqlamana LU.gq-ri-ri.ME§ idin I have sent youthe sealed document about the field of xbur that is to be given to the 17 Jamut-balian q.-s, give the field to the q.-s inaccordance with that document BIN 7 4:7and 13 (OB let.); minumm [eql]eti §a dimti§a qa-ri-ri(-)f x-du u dimti GAL HSS 192:12.

The Nuzi ref. may represent a propername.

*qarittu s. fem.; heroic behavior; SB*;pl. qarddti; cf. qardu.

Date palm a nam.ur.sag.ga.kex(KID) : idi qar-da-a-ti the support ofheroic behavior CT 16 48:244 f., restored fromAfO 16 299 i 7 f., for parallels see qarrddutu.

qaritu (qiritu) s.; storeroom, granary;from OB on; pl. qardtu, qar&tu, qirdtu;wr. syll. and GAX~E; cf. qartu in bitqariti.

[a-sag] [t]x§E = qd-ri-tum MSL 3 220 G6 iv 5(Proto-Ea); [e-sa]g E.[§E] = qd-ri-tum (betweenaSlukkatu and isru) Diri V 286; sa-ag §E = §dSx§E qa-ri-tum A VII/4:34; e-sag oAXSE = qa-[ri-tu] Sb I 317; [e-sag] GAx§E = qa-ri-tum (fol-lowed by isr) Ea IV 250; u-si GAxE = qi-ri-tumrn Sb I 313a; GAXSE = qi-re-e-tum (ingroup with aclukkatu and isru) Antagal C 125;[a.sa]g = qd-ri-tum Proto-Kagal Bil. Section E 1.

qaritua-ru-u, a-ka-mu = qa-ri-tum Malku I 269 f.;

[i]s-ru, [a-ru]-u, [a-ka]-mu = qa-ri-t[u] ExplicitMalku II 122-124.

a) in econ. contexts: if a man handsover his grain to be stored in anotherman's house and ina qd-ri-tim ibbum it=tabli a loss occurs in the granary CH§ 120:8; x le'um 6u-ta-ap-ti qd-ri-i-tim §u.TI.A PN x barley, .... of the granary,received by PN ZA 36 92 No. 3:3; x silver,two silas of oil, one PI of barley (underthe responsibility of) PN a a-na qd-ri-ti-ni nadi which are deposited in ourgranary VAS 9 15:5 (all OB); x barley inaqd-ri-tim (in broken context) TIM 2 130:32(OB let.); x barley oAxAE ma-ki-si PBS2/2 112:1 and 2 (MB); §E.ME a fPN inaqa-ri-ti LU.ME ta-mu-du itbukuma ukunukkdtiunu ittad u PN2 u PN3 ... qd-ri-ftal a fPN iptet u kunukkdti Sa LTj.ME9ta-mu-du ihtepu u 9E.ME -su [] a fPN ilteqthe tamidu men stored 'PN's barley inthe granary and placed their seals (on it),but PN2 and PN3 opened fPN's granary,breaking the seals of the tamudu men, andtook fPN's barley JEN 381:6 and 11; x barleyina qa-ri-ti a .GAL iddizS IM 73428:5,cf. a ina qa-ri-ti nadr IM 73419:8 (cour-tesy A. Fadhil); for other Nuzi refs. see qarituin bit qariti; dates Sa ina qa-ri-td nadwhich are deposited in the storehouse VAS6 72:3; qa-ra-a-tum a uttati TCL 12 70:4;PN x GUR [. . .] ul[tu] qa-[ril-tum ana bztiittadin PN gave out five gur [of.. .] fromthe storehouse for the household TCL 9101:14 (all NB); uncert.: x GUR. E TA qd-(text GUD) -ri-tum U.TI.A PN BRM 3 189:1(early OB).

b) in hist.: qi-ra-te nakkamdte upattima§E.PAD.ME§ la nibi ummdni uidkil Iopened the granaries (and) storeroomsand fed my troops limitless quantities ofgrain TCL 3 186, also 219 (+KAH 2 141), 274,295, cf. qi-ra-a-te-Su-nu ma'ddti la minaupattzma SE.PAD.ME§ la nzhi ummdnuJdkil ibid. 166, cf. also qi-ra-a-ti-Si-nuummdnz uSdkil Winckler Sar. pi. 15 No. 32:9,

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qaritu

Lie Sar. 336; tabkdni rabuti ia §E.PAD.ME§§E.GIG.ME§ a ina ime ma'duti ana baldtmdti u ni e iSpuku qi-ra-a-te nap ar ummdnija ina is ... .. uazbilma I had allmy troops carry away (loaded) on horsesthe large piles of barley and wheat whichthey had heaped up in the granaries overa long time for the sustenance of thecountry and (its) inhabitants TCL 3 262.

c) in lit. and omens: §apdk e'i inaGAX§E.ME§ heaping up barley in thegranaries ACh Sin 33:60, 68, and 77; 6e'u anaGAX§E ul irrub ACh Supp. 2 Sin 15:2; inaoAX§E.ME§ e'u irrur the barley will rotin the granaries ACh Sin 3:67 and 127; e'Uuina GAxkE.ME§ ia-ru-ur ACh Sin 35:5, dupl.K.8263:6, in Bezold Cat. 911; GAxE iarrurthe granary will .... KAR 178 iv 49, 56,vi 68, dupl. KAR 179 ii 18; nuSurreiGAX§E CT30 15:20 (SB ext.); niu GAX§E-i-na umalldVAT 10218 iii 31, cf. ra-§u-u GAAx§E-§i-nau-Sam-ru-[x] ibid. 32; DID ina E.GI§GALMIN (= me irmuk) . .. (with explanation)ina 6iddi qa-ra-a-t[e . .] KAR 52:9 (AluComm.); in broken context: [. .. ] qd-ri-ti-i-u PBS 1/1 2 i 19 (OB lit.); [.. .] x a qa-ri-t Lambert BWL 180 K.1835+ :22 (SB fable).

In MSL 2 147:17 collation shows ma-ri-tu-um.

qaritu in bit qariti s.; storehouse; Nuzi,MA, NB; cf. qaritu.

a) in Nuzi: x E.ME igru a E qa-ri-ti PN ilqe PN received x barley as rentfor the granary HSS 13 401:21; 6 LJ.ME§anntu afar E qa-ri-ti a libbi dli inagsaru(these are) the six men who guard thestorehouse inside the town HSS 16 356:33,cf. ibid. 5, 10, and 24; PN itti PN 2 a6um Eqa-ri-ti a pal4u ina dini ana pani dajdni... ztelu PN entered a suit against PN2before the judges on account of thegranary that had been broken into JEN386:3, and passim in this text; Summa L(.ME§sarrutu Sa f -it qa-ri-ti Sa iQ?a hathummaga zpuu la zde (I swear) that I do notknow the criminals who broke into the

qarnanfstorehouse for wood HSS 13 422:8, alsoibid. 22; barley i4tu E qa-ri-ti ma[lzti]from the full storehouse HSS 13 221:2, 14,i6tu E.ME -ti qa-ri-ti maliti ibid. 237:28,cf. HSS 16 19:2, 60:2, ultu libbi f qa-ri-tumibid. 73:24; iltu t qa-<ri>-ti a URU Nuziibid. 6:32, and passim in similar context; wheatina E qa-ri-ti a nad which was put inthe storehouse ibid. 169:2, barley ina fqa-ri-ti a nadnu ibid. 58:2, cf. ibid. 8:8, andpassim in similar context; annum §E.ME§ inaE ka-ri-ti la-bi-ri ina atti annim nadinRA 23 159 No. 68:5, cf. qa-ri-ti(text -e)ibid. 156 No. 55:3.

b) in MA: if a man rapes a womanlu ina miie ina ribete lu ina E qa-re-e-teeither in the street at night or in thegranary KAV 1 viii 18 (Ass. Code § 54).

c) in NB: x gur of dates a DN inaE qa-ri-ti a UGTU -ru belonging to DN,in the storehouse above the .... BRM 123:2, cf. naphar x GUR ina qa-ra-a-ti aUGU u-ru ibid. 8; x silver E qa-ri-tipappasu nuhatimmtu 82-7-14,1107:10.

qaritu see qeritu.

qariu see *qar.

qarnanu adj.; 1. with (large) horns, 2.sprouted; lex.*; cf. qarnu.

am.MIN (= gub.ba), am.si.e, am.si.gub.ba, am.si.hal.hal = qar-na-nu wild bull with(large) horns Hh. XIV 50a-52; munu 4.si. ,munu 4 .si.ma 4.a = qar-na-nu Hh. XXIII iv 6f.

1. with (large) horns: see Hh. XIV, inlex. section.

2. sprouted (said of malt): see Hh.XXIII, in lex. section; for Sum. munu 4.si. e see Oppenheim, Eames Coll. W 6:1, FishCatalogue 739:1, CT 9 22 i 1, etc.; note in thename of a field: a.§a qar.na.an.nu.um = iu-ma Nabnitu XXII 86.

qarnnd (fem. qarndnitu) adj.; horned;Nuzi, SB; wr. syll. and (NAGA.)SI; cf.qarnu.

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qarnu[...] = kar-na-nu-u, [...] = kar-na i-nu-u KUB

3 112:4f. (Bogh. Proto-Lu), in MSL 12 83, alsoibid. 2f.; naga = u-hu-l[u], MIN.Si = qar-na-n[i-t]um, MIN. hu.gultuul, MIN. gu.1i = ba-rqil-il-tumHh. XXIV 286 ff.

giA.§inig ... naga.si ka.sur.ra a.biu.me.ni.Aub : biu... i-hu-lu qar-na-nu-<u> i-ka-ru mazu ana libbi idima put into it tamarisk,"horned" alkali, (and) mazi beer 4R 26 No. 7:35 f.,cf. i-hu-la qar-na-nu-[u] (in similar context, Sum.broken) CT 17 38:38; ni.ga si.ga : i-hu-la qar-<na>-ni-ta STI 197:55f., see JNES 26 210.

NAGA.SI teleqqe ... iptu ~-hul-te-iau-hul-td qar-na-ni-tu ina muhhi tamannuyou take "horned" alkali (together withother drugs) and recite over it the in-cantation "My alkali, 'horned' alkali"KAR 43:10 and 12, cf. ibid. 21 and 30, dupl. KAR63:10 and 12; 5 MA.NA §ipdtu a-fna li-ima-nal [i-hul-t]um qa-ar-na-<ni>-tum fiveminas of wool as the price for "horned"alkali HSS 13 373:2 (translit. only); i.DUG.GAeli kulbabi u pilZiunu tasallah gaqsaNAGA.SI ana hurrT4unu tetemmir yousprinkle sweet (smelling) oil over the antsand their holes and bury gypsum and"horned" alkali in their tunnels KAR 377r. 38 (SB Alu rit.); NAGA.SI (among medicalingredients) Kocher BAM 96 i 6, 10, 15, ii 10,Iraq 19 40 i 6, KAR 389 i 9, RA 53 6:31, HungerUruk 46:12, and passim, see uhuilu.

Oppenheim Glass 74.

qarnu (qannu) s. fem.; 1. horn, 2.pincers of the scorpion, 3. horn, cuspof the moon and other celestial bodies,4. horn as container, rhyton, 5. pro-truding (horn-shaped) part or decorationof objects, 6. power(?, in transferredmng.); from OA, OB on; dual qarndn,pl. qarnu and qarnmtu; wr. syll. and sI;cf. qarndnu, qarndn2, qamrn.

si-i sI = qar-nu S b II 175; si = qar-nu, i-ta-nuCT 19 6 K.11155 + CT 11 44 K.14938 r. If., alsoCT 19 12 K.4143 r. 2f. (text similar to Idu); [si-i][si] = [qa]-farl-nu, [i]-ta-nu S Voc. N 1'f.; sI =qd-an-nu MSL 9 131:376 (Proto-Aa); si = qar-nu= (Hitt.) sI-ar Izi Bogh. A 184.

sa-ag SAG = qar-[nu] Idu I 132; sag = qar-nu5R 16 ii 11; a A = emuqum, idum, qd-an-nu-um,ahum MSL 2 139 ii 5ff. (Proto-Ea); "A = qar-nu,

qarnuAas-tegITA 4 = sa-par-tum, B(JRdUdUBtR = MIN qar-nuAntagal F 176f.; . qdara-3 qd-ar-nu-um FSa(?)1 a-[a-lim]Proto-Izi II 20; u = qar-n[u] Izi E 250F; x-xEZENXGIR(?) = qar-nu, ia-I[u(?)-bu-u(?)] AVIII/2:86 f.; mu-s[u-ub] MUNSUB, = 6a-ar-[tum],qd-ar-nu-um MSL 3 223:3f. (Proto-Ea); [...] =[s]ig.mu = ar-tum, sig.SAR = sig.mu = q[ar-nu]Emesal Voc. II 173f.

[...] = [kar-na]-nu-u, [ka]r-na i-nu-[u], [...] =kar-na-nu-u, kar-na i-nu-u, [...] = kar-nu ,u-bal-[ku-tu] KUB 3 112:2-6 (Bogh. Proto-Lu), in MSL12 83; bu-ur BOR = MIN (= §a-la-tu) §d qar-niA VIII/2:176; [su]-6 i = ke-e-su 9d MA (var. SI)Idu II 371; si.ka.sur.ra = qar-nu §d pi-d MIN(= [ri-i-bu]) Nabnitu J 134; git.si.di.a.gigir,gig.du.a.gigir, gig.hub.a.du.gigir, gig.A(text .DA).§ITA4 .gigir = qar-nu Hh. V 25-27a;gi. si.ma = qar-niMIN (= elippi), git.si.i..ma =qar-na-a-ti MIN Hh. IV 367f.; gi..dir = bur=siktu, gil.dur.si = MIN qar-ni Hh. VII A 119f.;giS.UD+SAL+HfB.si = ku-ut qar-ni Hh. IV 215;[kul.e.ib.s]i = MIN (= mesirru) qar-ni = MIN(= me-za-ah) 6d up-pi-ti Hg. A II 173, in MSL7 151; [tdg.e.i]b.si = me-si-ru [qar-ni] = [me-za]-ah fd rupl-pi-te Hg. D 401, in MSL 10 140;[gi]i.bal.si = pi-lak qar-ni Hh. VI 25; [6] .si= eb-lu qar-nu Hh. XXII Section 12:8.

amar.ban.da si.gur 4.gur 4.ra : buruekduaqar-ni kabbaru the impetuous calf (Nannar) withthick horns 4R 9:19f., cf. si m .miu :qar-niba-nu-u Lugale IV 8; see also zaqtu lex. section;an.kur(var. KtRkur) za.ra si hu.mu.ni.in.birNA4 .KU.GAN. 9 n. a : ana muftaptitika qar-nili allitkama ana lule nandi (see mutaptitu) LugaleXII 38; ddra im.ra si.bi nu.mu.un.su.ub.su.ub : [tu]-ra-hu imha.ma qar-ni-i (var. qar-na-a-9i) ul uaklil (the head disease) has struck the ibexand has not let it grow horns to full size CT 1725:40f.; alim kur.ra si.gur.ru.me.en : 9d qd-ni-in na-,u-u TCL 16 69:15'; dira si.hal.hal.la.ta nam.ta.ex(DU6+Du).d6 si bar.ra si gul.gul.la.ta nam.ta.ex.d : itti (var. iotu) turahiana qar-nu(var. -ni) pe-ta-a-ti(var. -ta) urdu i4tuqar-nu(var. -ni) pe-ta-a-tii(var. -ta) ana qar-nu(var.-ni) rab-ba-a-[tu](var. -ta) ur[du] (the headachecame down to the land from the innermost moun-tains), it came down with (var. from) the moun-tain goat to (the animals with) widely spread horns,it came down from (the animals with) the widelyspread horns to (the animals with) large hornsCT 17 12:9-11, cf. (in broken context) OECT 6pl. 3 K.5992:15f.; for other bil. refs. with sisee mngs. la, 5d.

murub 4 .bi.a am.gal.ginx(GIM) a.bi mi.ni.in.il.il (var. [mu.u]n.il.le) : ina biriunu kimarime rabL qar-na-a-li ittanalli like a mighty wildbull (alone) among them he (Ninurta) tosses hishorns Lugale I 36; dNin.hur.sag.g.ke(KID)

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qarnugu 4 .ginx &.bi ib.fl : dBe-let-DINGIR.ME ki-male-e qar-ni ui-d-dd-§u-u DN gave him horns likea bull K.5003:2, cited Bezold Cat. p. 682; am.gin, A sahar.ra me(var. mi).ir.ri.gins.za.na.ginx (later version mu.e.ri.za.n[a.ginj) : ki-iri-mi GAL-i qar-ni-ka i-na e-pe-ri ki-i tu-[bal-li-lu]because you (kasurru stone) have covered yourhorns with dust like a huge wild bull Lugale X 24;[e.z6].mu a.rurrl.a.gur.ra.[zu] : [im]-me-ru-ka 9d qd-an-ni(var. omits -ni) kab-ba-rrul JNES26 206 A 18 and dupl.

qar-nu, NE-nu = u-lap lu-up-pu-tim An VII273f.; qar-nu = qa-ni-nu Malku II 207; a-[x]-x-rum = qa-an-nu [x x] (among headdresses) MalkuVIII 62, probably variant of kannu, see kannu Busage b.

'ip-ru = qar-ni (see pipru mng. Id) Izbu Comm.352; e-de-du // ga-pa-ru ea qar-ni Thompson Rep.27:6, 36 r. 1 and 34:8; SI.DARA.MA§ /I qar-nua-a-lu / sI / qar-nu I DARA.MA§ /I a-a-lu BRM 432:1 (med. comm., to TCL 6 34 ii 2); [A] // i-di /A qa-nu K.1522+ :8 (astrol. comm.).

1. horn - a) of animals - 1' in gen.:summa awZlum alpam zgurma sI-6u i birif a man hires an ox and breaks its hornCH § 248:30; qar-ni-u la uarrim (if theowner of the goring ox) does not trim itshorns CH § 251:57; ana ini qd-an-ni upriu 8ibbati izzaz he (the lessee) is respon-sible for the eyes, the horns, the hooves,and the tail (of the hired ox) PBS 8/2196:11, also YOS 12 466:9, wr. qd-ar-niTLB 1 213:12; AB 6alimtam inam qd-an-na u supra ipaqqid he will take care thatthe (hired) cow has intact eyes, horns,and hooves YOS 13 17:11 (OB); I killedfour wild bulls ma4kiunu SI.ME -u-nuana dlija AMur ubla I brought their hidesand their horns to my city Assur AKA 85vi 68 (Tigl. I), cf. I killed 6 pu4l [rimedann]ite Slt qar-ni six mighty hornedwild bulls Borger Einleitung 136 iii 31 (AlAur-bel-kala), also WO 2 38:43, 40:21 (Shalm. III),cf. 50 lim binr tak-di-ri fa up(u) ru bunnqar-nu §almu fifty thousand .... calveswith perfect hooves and intact horns STr41:19, see AnSt7 128 (let. ofGilg.); alpuS uklulugalmu a SI.ME§ U quprz 6almu an un-gelded black bull with perfect horns andhooves RAcc. 10:2, cf. immer ... . a SIu qupru p uklulu ibid. 79:29 and 32, also

qarnuUDU BABBAR d SI UMBIN §U.DU 7 BiOr 30178:28; kdm puhdda annd i4tu reli anaqa-an-ni (var. adds qaqqadi) u zibbati... . eppu thus I examine(?) this lamb(for extispicy) from head to horn and tailIM 67692:229 (tamitu, courtesy W. G. Lambert);alap qa-ni uiturute a bull with superbhorns KAR 334 r. 7 (hymn of Asn. I), cf. alsoam.gal ... mu.lu a.dar.[...] rnmurabi na ... qar-nu [. . .] LKU 16: 11f.; dArasag.g&.na si ba.ni.in.dib : turdhaina qaqqadi4uu qar-ni-~i inabat he seizedthe ibex by its head and its horns 5R50 ii 46f., see JCS 21 8:69, cf. alpu ina qar-ni-Si isbat AMT 61,7 r. 11, also littu inasI-d lahru ina dipdtiJa the cow by itshorn(s), the ewe by its fleece Kocher BAM124 iv 7, also ibid. 127:6 and CT 23 1:7 and 2:20(inc.); GU 4.AN.NA i$.[abat] ina qar-ni-[ u]he (Enkidu) seized the bull of heaven byits horns Gilg. VI 131, cf. ina birit tikkiqar-ni (in broken context) ibid. 145 and 152;ina SI.MU qaqqaru terdku ina zibbatijauteilera turbu'i Kocher BAM 248 iii 56 (inc.),cited as ina qar-ni-ii qaq-qar te-ra-atJNES 33 332:15 (comm.); Summa alpu itbimaina si IumeliSu eperi islu if the ox getsup and stirs up dust with its left hornSTT 73:137, see JNES 19 35, cf. ibid. 136; [Sum=ma] izbum i4tu libbi ummi4u qd-ar-na-4u[wa]d if the newborn lamb's horns areout from (the moment it leaves) the bellyof its mother YOS 10 56 iii 24, see LeichtyIzbu 206; [umma izbu] qa-an-na-u inapitifu [akna] if a newborn animal'shorns are located on its forehead LeichtyIzbu 209 iii 5, cf. ibid. 7, cf. also i4-di qa-an-ni-lu qa-an-nu-um lanitumma wa iatibid. 10 (Bogh.); umma littu ulidma 2 si.ME- i ina qaqqadiu acd if a cow givesbirth and (the calf) has two horns pro-truding from its head Leichty Izbu XIX 8,and passim in this tablet, also CT 40 30 K.2937r. 2f., K.4073+ :6f., 32:lff. (SB Alu); Summalahru alpa ulidma qd-an-ni lakin if a ewegives birth to a bull (calf) and it hashorns Leichty Izbu V 104, and passim; summaUDU.NITA ina nakkaptiku SI.MES-Ju a$A

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if a ram's horns protrude from its foreheadLeichty Izbu XVII 87, and passim in tablet XVII,cf. KAR 394 ii 8 (Alu cat.), CT 29 48:4 (SB prod-igies), of. ibid. 3; gumma izbum qd-ra-analpim if the newborn lamb (has) a bull'shorn YOS 10 56 iii 35 (OB), see Leichty Izbu207; umma SI alpi imur if (the exorciston his way to the patient) sees a bull'shorn Labat TDP 4:22, cf. umma alpu sI-uiddima imur ibid. 19, with comm. si //qar-nu I/ s / nu-ur // si / d-ru-ru HungerUruk 27 r. 6; §umma izbu qd-ra-an ina 15[.. .] Leichty Izbu IX 11, and passim, wr.SI, in tablet IX; Summa immeru (UDU.NITA) KI.MIN (= SI.ME§-,fi) kima SI.ME§turahi if a ram's horns are like ibex hornsLeichty Izbu XVII 91; Summa alpu SI imittiSuitahat if an ox sheds its right hornLeichty Izbu XIX 38, cf. (with ituq) ibid. 39;Aumma immeru Sikitti arandi aakin SI.ME -id(var. -u) kurrd 14 tirdnuSu if the sheephas the appearance of a wild ass (and)its horns are short, it has 14 intestinalconvolutions CT 31 30:7, dupl. CT 41 9:6, seeMeissner, AfO 9 119:7, cf. also CT 31 30:16f.;if the "crucible" (of the liver) kcma sienzi zfrat is twisted like a goat's hornCT 20 32:72, also Labat Suse 3:16f., cf. BoissierChoix 46:10ff.; umma izbu SI.ME§-u iroimaid if the horns of the newborn animalare full of protuberances Leichty Izbu IX 62,see also lar usage b; [... fa] qa-an-naiaknu [if ... birds] which have horns(multiply in a country) CT 41 4 K.3701+ :3(SB Alu); for ger qarni "horned snake" seeeru B mng. le.

2' used as a medication: si alpi 5aSumei si ajali turrar you char the lefthorn of an ox (and) a deer horn KocherBAM 216:64, cf. Biggs Saziga 56 iv 3 (Bogh.),also KAR 56:9, Kocher BAM 503 i 16 (= AMT33,1:16), 470:16 (= AMT 94,7:3), 473:3 (= AMT99,2 iii 2 + 1,4:3), SI alpi 5a imitti sI MAS5a Sumeli AMT 102:38f.; SI rz Kocher BAM237 i 38, qa-an-fnil abti KUB 37 55 iv 24;t SI DARA.MAR Kocher BAM 210:12, also166:11, STT 286 r. (!) ii 2, and passim, see ajalu

qarnuA mngs. lc-1' and 2; §apparti SI.DARA.MA§ gapparti SI UDU.MA Kocher BAM 237iii 6.

3' used in manufactured objects: [. . .]objects, their [...] a sI UDU.ME§ madeof sheep's horn EA 25 iii 33, cf. a SIibid. 72 (list of gifts of Tutratta).

b) of gods who are likened to buttinganimals: unakkip nakreja ina SI.ME§- agaSrdti (Ninlil the wild cow) gores myenemies with her strong horns Streck Asb.78 ix 78; Bel SI.ME§-Md ukarrit Bel cut offher (Tiamat's) horns KAR 307 r. 13, seeTuL p. 36; (Nergal) n&d SI.ME§ eddeti Bol-lenrticher Nergal 50:3, cf. Zababa e-da-< ta -am qd-ar-ni-in (see eddu) AfO 13 46 (=pl. 1) ii 5 (OB lit.), cf. e-di-id qar-n[i] Lambert,Symbolae Bohl 279:8.

c) of representations of animals orgods: kisitte qar-ni-§u-nu a aarpi [a]ppiqar-ni-§u-nu a huradi the base of their(the alu animals') horns is of silver, thetip of their horns of gold AfO 18 302 i 20f.(MA inv.), cf. qar-na-Su-nu 5a GIB MI qar-na-Su-nuu ildi qar-ni-Su-nu ina 9-TA.AMturri a hurai ahhuza their horns are ofblack wood, their horns and the basesof their horns are mounted with nine goldbands each ibid. 306 iv 10, of. also ibid. 304ii 6; qar-na-at turdhim ibex horns ARM18 12:19; a cup [Sa p]ani gumdhi SI.ME§-Su NA 4.BABBAR with the face of a gumdhubull, its horns (are made of) white stone(among gifts for Egypt) KUB 3 70 r. 12(let.); 1 [.. .] qar-ni TCL 3 372 (Sar.); sevenfigurines of the Seven Gods SI.MEURUDU laknu having copper horns KAR298:24, cf. ibid. 31, see AAA 22 66, also BBRNo. 46-47 ii 3; salam efemmi . . . teppuJsi alpi taakkanu you make a figurineof the ghost (and) provide it with a bull'shorn KAR 267:5, see TuL p. 138; SI k ,abitiitdt ana kutallUia terdt sI ki sabiti ietdtana paniQa ed-ra-at . .. 6drtum iStu birtSI.ME -4 ana Saalli a naddt (the statueof dAM.MA.KUR.KUR has) a horn like a

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qarnugazelle's, one (horn) is pointed towardher back, (she has) a horn like a gazelle's,one (horn) is curved toward her front,(her) hair falls on(to) the nape of herneck from between her horns MIO 1 72iv 6f. and 13, and passim in this text, cf. qaq=qadu si u au-ku-su ibid. 76 v 13.

d) as votive object: qd-ni-in bibil idiEnlil u dNIN.LiL-ti-im ina Isin l arrutijaina bdb ekallim ... epu I made twohorns as desired by DN and DN2 (and setthem up?) in Isin, my capital, in the palacegate Gadd Early Dynasties pl. 3 i 20, dupl.Sumer 4 57 (Lipit-Igtar), and delete this ref.sub ganunu A; eri ti qd-ar-ni-in (var. qd-ar-nim) a DN request of DN for two hornsYOS 10 51 i 17, var. from dupl. 52 i 17(OB ext.); 2 qar-na-at AM GAL.ME § aihzuiina u ni-ih(text nik-ka) -su-gi-na <KU.BABBAR) (see nihsu) TCL 3 384 (Sar.);7 qar-na-t[e] a UDU KUR-e seven hornsof mountain sheep (in enumeration ofobjects) Tell Halaf No. 55:4; qar-na-at nadlu ajdl (as ornaments) ARMT 13 55:6.

e) other occs.: Dilbat... ina sI M[UL.uz] ud ... ina SI MUL.SUDUN [. . .] (if)Venus comes out of the horn of the Goatstar (and) [. . .] the horn of the Yoke starACh Itar 6:18f., cf. SI MUL lu-lim HungerUruk 95:7; ina qereb mat Kaldi giiimmaruqar-nu akin CT 29 49:32 (SB prodigies);obscure: dQa-an-nu : a URU KAS4 .KI 2R60 No. 1 i 31, see TuL p. 12.

2. pincers of the scorpion - a) of theanimal: tamhai ina qar-ni-ki tu.ardi inasimbatiki you (scorpion) have stung withyour pincers, you have let (the poison)flow from your tail Kocher BAM 398 r. 8,dupls. K.8939, STT 136 i 34, see von Soden,JNES 33 341 f.; tarea qar-na-a-§d... turratzibbassa its pincers are extended (likethe horns of a wild bull), its tail is curled(like that of a raging lion) CT 38 38:60f.,see Or. NS 34 121:6', cf. qa-an-ni-Iu anapa-ti-a sibbassu ana tu-ur-ri-i ul addinuI did not allow it (the scorpion) to open

qarnuits pincers, to curl its tail KBo 1 18 iv 17(inc.); umma yep qa-an-ni zuqaqpi 6akinif he has feet (in the shape of) the pincersof a scorpion Kraus Texte 22 i 30', cf. Summaubdn si zuqaqpi akin ibid. iii 9 and 12dv 4'; umma zuqaqpu MI ina bit ameliinnamirma SI imittiu NU GAL if a blackscorpion is seen in a man's house and ithas no right pincer CT 40 26:30.

b) of the constellation Scorpius: UDmul.gir.tab u4 si.bi igi.dug.a : MUL.GIR.TAB u4 -um qa-ra-an-6u innamru if,when the pincers of Scorpius becomevisible K.2241+ :16ff., also 20ff.; MUL.ZI.BA.AN.NA SI MUL.GIR.TAB Libra is thepincers of Scorpius CT 33 2 ii 11; ummaMUL Zuqaqipu SI.ME§-6 d arura na8d ifthe pincers of Scorpius have a brightsheen ACh Supp. 48:7, cf. SI.ME§-d zu'uraibid. 6, also ACh IMtar 28:6, and passim.

3. horn, cusp of the moon and othercelestial bodies - a) of the crescentmoon: ina reS arhimma napdhi eli mdtiqar-ni nabdta ana uddi 6 umi at thebeginning of the month, while rising overthe land, you shine with horns to marksix days En. el. V 16; note in epithetsof Sin: ittad Sin bel qar-ni RA 12 191:7;Sin naSi SI.ME § Qrdti Unger Bel-harran-beli-ussur 6, cf. ndS qar-ni ga rdti LangdonTammuz pl. 6:7 (Esarh. ?); umma ina qd-an-niSin [. . .] MUL GAL-i izzaz if a large starstands in the horn of the moon KUB 37162:2, cf. Summa qd-an-na-at Sin ki[lattdn]MUL.ME§ wau ibid. 5; fumma Sin inatdmarti4u MUL.GIR.TAB ina SI imitti4uizziz if when the moon becomes visible,Scorpius stands in its right cusp (quota-tion from an astrol. omen) ABL 1214 r. 12,cf. Summa bibbu ina SI imitti Sin izzizZA 52 240:23b, cf. ACh Itar 19:2 ff.; Summa SinSI.ME S-il kima qaSti if the horns of themoon look like a bow ACh Supp. 2 Sin 6:7,cf. (kEzma makurri like a boat) ibid. 8, (kima dddilike a dddu fish) ibid. 9; for other refs. seeededu, haldpu, kar, , kep u kurr, mithdru,paldiu, gapdru B, tardku, tard4u, terfi; in

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qarnucomparisons: Summa ulmu kima uskari. . . sI-ii (var. uv.sI-Ai) rEs marti ipluSmaui if the Sulmu looks like a crescentand its "horn" (var. finger) perforates thetop of the gall bladder and comes out (onthe other side) CT 30 14 Rm. 2,223:7, cf.ibid. 8-11 and 15-17, vars. from TCL 6 3:19-22and 26-28.

b) referring to the visible part of themoon's or sun's disk during an eclipse:umma. . . attal iSakinma ilu ina addriu

idi iltini eli adirma idi uiti lapliS izkuamurr ma qarti §aturri imul sI imittigukapgat if (on a certain day) an eclipseoccurs and the god (i.e., the moon) in itsdarkening becomes dark on its north sideabove and clears on its south side below,(and) the west wind (blows), the lastwatch is half over, (and) its right cuspis curled AfO 17 84:11, restored from K.3561+r. 19f., cf. AfO 17 85:8 and 20; Summa ...Sama attald igkun ina iltdni uarrima inaiuti ikin sI umeliSu eddat sI imittiu arkat

if the sun is eclipsed, (and the eclipse)starts from the north and remains in thesouth, (and) its left cusp is pointed (and)its right cusp is long Thompson Rep. 269: 10f.;ilu §a ina §urinni4u si imittigu tarat sISumeliSu kap-pat(?) the god (i.e., themoon) whose right cusp was straight,whose left cusp was curved at its lastvisibility BM 46239 r. 3, cf. ibid. 2, cf. SI.ME§ -i kandama §amami IGI.ME§ ibid. r. 9and dupl. K.12687:11'; ilu a . . . SI.ME§-[ i mithdra] itet la ikbiru itet la iqtinuND 4357 iv 15 (courtesy D. J. Wiseman); SI.ME§-u ina napdlhiJu la innattalama inarabi4u innammara AfO 17 pl. 1 i 20; (themoon) itti Sama4 Ioi-ir SI.MEA-[ii amnakpa] ACh Supp. 27+28:7', dupl. itti ramaSSI.ME §-§ AN-e nak-pa AfO 17 pl. 1 i 8.

c) of Venus: UD E§ 4 .DAR ina SI imitstia kakkaba leqdt if the planet Venushas "taken" a star in its right cusp AChITtar 1: 10, also ibid. 4:15; note [Summa MULDil-ba] t ina A Jumelida kakkaba leqdt LKU

qarnu111:7, cf. (referring to right side) ibid. 4, and seeK.1522+ :8, in lex. section; UD ES 4.DAR inasi imittia kakkabu la innamir if in theplanet Venus's right cusp no star is seenACh IMtar 1:5, cf. ibid. 6.

d) other occs.: gumma (wr. [DI§] UD)SI-r l §UB-ma [.. .] ACh Supp. 2 Aamal39:30, cf. DI§ UD SI-Su §UB-ma Sin adir.. . sI qar-nu sI Sd-ru-ru if it (probablyreferring to the moon) lets its "horn" falland the moon is dark, (with comm.) sI(means) horn, si (means also) bright-ness ACh Adad 33:21; DI§ UD ina SI imitstilu kakkabu izziz ACh Supp. 2 Ittar 66 r. 10and ibid. 11.

4. horn as container, rhyton - a) hornas container - 1' in OA: itta qd-ar-na-tim PN na'akkunti ammakam famnamfdbam ana PN2 u PN mallianiunu PN isbringing you (pl.) two horns, fill themthere with good oil for PN2 and PN Jan-kowska KTK 19:12 (= Gol6nischeff 20); qd-ar-nigamnam tdbam mallia fill (pl.) the hornswith fine oil BIN 4 49:26 (coll. M. T. Larsen);3 ma-na(!) harSu qar-ni a 1.GI§ TCL 20113:17; a umi qd-ar-na-tim Sa alpura[kkum] x GIN kaspam PN ublakkum ammakami.o gi§ mamma concerning the horns Iwrote you about, PN is bringing you xshekels of silver, buy oil for me thereTuM 1 3c:5; uncert.: (x silver?) ra-qd-ar-niml a A-lim.KI [xl addin KTS 51b:22.

2' other occs.: kuburqar-ni-u una'adumdri ummdnu ... 6 GUR amnu Qibitkilall& the craftsmen were praising thethickness of its (the bull's) horns, thecapacity of the two is six gur of oil Gilg.VI 170; muhri Sa tamkdri qa-an-na-gi uQi-di-<<i>>-su take (addressing Lamatu)from the merchant his horn (filled withoil) and his travel provisions RA 18 167r. 24 (Lamagtu inc.); rqdl-ar-na-am Sa [x-x] -ka iSbilam TIM 2 90:15 (OB let.); qd-ar-nu-um UET 5 882:25 (OB exercise tablet); analibbi SI.GUD tagappak you pour (themedication) into an ox horn AMT 89,3 iii (!) 2.

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b) rhyton: 1 GAL Sirim SI K1.BABBARx KI.LA.BI one cup, .... , (made) of silver,weighing 28j shekels ARM 7 119:1, cf. 117:9,ARM 9 46:4, 268:3, cf. 1 GAL Sirim qar(!) -niARM 7 219:5 and 19, 273:5; 1 SI §a ha-i-gal-la-at-he HSS 14 105:23 and passim in thistext; 20 sI ajigalluhu hurda uhhuzu rit=taAunu KA. GUL twenty rhytons in the formof ajigalluhu animals, mounted in gold,their handles of . . .. EA 25 iii 49 (list ofgifts of Tuiratta), cf. 1 SI rzmi ibid. 42, 43,45, and 51, 1 SI Sa GUD KUR ibid. 44, 1 SIKA.GUL ibid. 39 and 41, 1 SI lulutum ibid.46f.; 1 SI qar-nu JCS 8 29 405:5 (Alalakh).

5. protruding (horn-shaped) part ordecoration of objects - a) of a boat: inabirit sI.ME§-gd (var. qar-ni-ad) naldtpilirtu (the boat) carries between its bowand stern (lit. its horns) release (fromsorcery) Maqlu III 129, cf. bdb makurritakannakma si-ii ana muhhi LAL you sealthe opening of the (model) barge andfasten its prow on top Iraq 22 224:24 (inc.),and see Hh. IV 367f., in lex. section;see also makurru mng. la-2'.

b) of a chariot: luamidka narkabta... a magarrua hurdamma elmeu qar-na-a-Sd(var. -Si) I will have a chariotmade for you whose wheels are truly ofgold, whose "horns" are of electrum Gilg.VI 11, and see Hh. V 25ff., in lex. section.

c) of a temple tower: Surli Elarrainaffala qar-na-a-iu(var. -u) En. el. VI 66;ukappira SI.ME -a (var. qar-ni-ga) pitiqeri namri I cut off its (the temple tower's)"horns" (which were made of) shining castcopper Streck Asb. 52 vi 29, cf. qar-ni ziq:qurratifu uabbira Bauer Asb. 2 78:11.

d) of gods' crowns: you, Ninurta agasag.la.l : .a ina age qar-ni the onewith the horned crown BA 5 638 No. 7r. 19f.; (Lugalbanda) apir agd Sa qar-nikarpadti Or. NS 36 126:171 (hymn to Gula);age qd-ar-ni Qzrdti ... ina qaqqadilu luakunuma I set upon his (Marduk's) heada crown with mighty horns 5R 33 ii 50

qarnu(Agum-kakrime); si Ae.ir.zi si dutu mul.mul.la.ginx : qar-na-a-ii kima §aruramli ittananbitu (Enlil) whose horns

gleam like the rays of the sun BA 10/1 18No. 9:14f., see OECT 6 p. 17.

e) spur of a bone: 6umma ubdnumkima qa-an-ni e.em[tim] ana imittimkappat if the "finger" is bent to the rightlike the spur of a bone YOS 10 60:9 (OBext.); Summa qd-ra-an naglabim a Iumelimtarik if the ridge of the left scapula isdark YOS 10 47:54, cf. ibid. 53-60 (OB be-havior of sacrificial lamb), see naglabu A.

f) of a part of the exta: umma inaSI SAL.LA NIG.TAB paddni a imitti kakkuakinma if there is a "weapon-mark" in

the "horn" of the ruqqu of the "crucible"of the "path" on the right side CT 2031:37, also (with the left) ibid. 38, cf. TCL 6 5r. 18.

g) of plants: urgiu qaqqara malSI.ME§-li glame nakpa its (the plant's)roots fill the ground, its "horns" reach thesky Kiichler Beitr. pl. 3 iii 31; U NAGA : Tqi-il-tu[m], U NAGA.SI, U SA.AD.GAL : Uqi-il-tu qar-ni, u Si-mi ru-pa-di : 6 NAGA.SI.ME Uruanna II 271-274.

h) of a configuration of oil on water:gumma Samnum .. . qd-ar(var. -an) -ni-inirtali YOS 10 58 r. 4, var. from CT 5 6 r. 58;Summa Samnum imittam u umelam qd-ranl-na-u (vars. qar-na- u, qd-ar-na-gu)hasra YOS 10 57:19, vars. from IM 2967 andCT 5 4:16, see Pettinato Olwahrsagung 2 16.

i) an excrescence on the head: ummaus neia ulidma SI.ME§ a ,iri akin ifa ewe gives birth to a lion and it hasfleshy protuberances LeichtyIzbu V 15; um:ma sI Sakin if he has a "horn" (pre-ceded by abbuttu) Kraus Texte 6 r. 9; if amole ina sIn GAR (preceded by rightand left SAG.KI) ibid. 47:8'.

j) flank of an army: PN rzti muiiulillika sI Sa PN2 lilbi let PN come duringthe remainder of the night and surround

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qarnuthe flank of (the army of) PN2 ABL 222r. 13 (coll. K. Deller).

k) other occs.: au-ri-in An-nu-ni-tiSSi-la-ba ki-la(text -ki)-la-al ki-la-la-ali-mi-ta-am i u-wi-la-a-am qd-ar-na-amqd-ar-na-a-am the standards of DN andDN2, two by two, right and left, horn byhorn AfO 13 46 ii 7 (OB lit.); SAL fi qar-na-tim udammaq [. . .] wu'erima SAL.TUR.ME la kima a-na qar(?)-ni [...] natdqar-na-tim damqi [...] this woman canmake good quality "horns," give ordersthat the servant girls, as many as aresuited for [...] "horn(s)," [.. .] "horns"well ARM 10 130:16 f.; kakkusdni annutiajaka akdnu ina muhhi kipili a DNakdnu pani4unu ana qa-an-ni 7-u-nu

5 man e... hurd u ququltalunu (con-cerning) the question about the placementof these kakkussu stones, (they) are to beput on the kiplu ofDN, facing the "horn(s),"the weight of the seven of them is fiveminas of gold ABL 438:9; ki a si (var.qar-nu) §a [...] ina libbi faknuni Ia-tila iparruni just as the "horn" of [theplow?] is within it (the soil?) and doesnot cut a furrow(?) Wiseman Treaties 540;see (beside battering ram) A VIII/2:86f.,in lex. section; see also (referring to abursiktu, kitu, mesirru, pilakku, a rope)Hh. VII A 120, Hh. IV 215, Hg., Hh. VI 25, Hh.XXII, in lex. section.

6. power(?, in transferred mng.) - a)in gen.: a kdJir anzilli qar-na-id tuballa(see bal~ v. mng. 2a) Lambert BWL 130:95;see also eni v. mng. Ig-1'; PN itu .ihruina ekallim annim irbi ina qa-ra-an Si-ba-ti-4u ana PN2 ana NIG.BA tanaddi46u PNgrew up in this palace from the time hewas a small child, (now) in the q. of hisold age you want to give him to PN2 asa present ARM 10 57:7; ka-ar-ni-ia tEtepla(obscure) UET 6 396:20 (OB lit.).

b) in personal names: Adad-qar-na-a-aJAOS 55 291: 18 (OB), cf. Adad-qar-na-ia ibid.292 seal, also SI-Adad Birot Tablettes 70 D

qarriduii 12; DINGIR-qa-na-a ADD App. 3 ii 35,d d-ma-qa-na-a ADD 742 r. 19; Qa-na-a-DINGIR ADD App. 3 iii 26, see Stamm Namen-gebung 212 and 322.

The ref. ka-ra-an IGI"-u addu LabatTDP 238:3, explained as kakkultu ini4u anabzitnu iru[bu] AfO 24 83:3 and §a kakkultuiniu u d Hunger Uruk 40:8f., belongs tokaranu "wine."

qarnu see qannu B.

qarnu adj.; horned; SB; cf. qarnu.udu.si.gar = qar-nu-u horned sheep Hh.

XIII 176; AS.SUD.NUN.KU.TU = 6um-man-nu = kur-se-e qar-nu-tum "horned" fetters Hg. B VI 55,in MSL 11 41.

am si.mi a.a dIkur.ra : ri-i-muqar-nu-u a-bi Adad horned wild bull,father Adad SBH p. 23 No. 10 r. 10f., parallelibid. p. 20 No. 9 r. 26f.; for Sum. refs. seeSjoberg Mondgott 143f.

For the descriptive name of uhulu seeqarndnu.

**qarpasu (AHw. 904b) see qardru s.

qarridu s.; 1. hero, 2. warrior; fromOAkk. on, Akkadogram in Hitt., Akk. lw.in Sum. (Lugale I 38); pl. qarrdui (qarsrddutu AnSt 5 108:163 and Bauer Asb. 1 pl. 24K.2634:4); wr. syll: and UR.SAG; cf. qardu.

u1.ur.sag = qd-ar-ra-du OB Lu B v 16, also,wr. [qar]-ra-du-um OB Lu A 142; [ur.sag] =qar-ra-du Igituh short version 28; ur.sag = qar-ra-du, ur-§d-nu CT 18 29 K.2054 ii 30f. (groupvoc.); ur.sag = qar-ra-du, nam.ur.sag = qar-ra-du-tu CT 19 33 79-7-8,30+37:8f.; sag.ur.sag= qar-ra-du Sag. Bil. B 13; [...] SAGXX = qd-ar-ra-d[u-um], [x]-x SAGXU[R] = [qd-ar-ra-du-um]MSL 2 154 r. 14f. (Proto-Ea); [gu]-ud SAGXUR =qar-[ra-du] MSL 14 143 No. 21:3 (Proto-Aa); sa-ag SAG = Sd UR.SAG qar-ra-du Idu I 118; ur.sage.x.[x.i]b = qar-ra-da MIN (= mu-hur) NabnituK 63; [6.durus.ur.sag.e].neki = MIN (= ka-par)qar-ra-di = ki-Sd Hg. B V iv 22, in MSL 11 39;[ninda.i].d6.a.u[r.sag].e.ne = MIN (= me-ri-is) qar-ra-du = MIN (= mir-is) qi-te-e Hg.B VI70, inMSL 11 88; k &.ur.sag.e.ne.kex(KID)

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qarrAdu= bib qar-ra-di Ai. VI iii 40; ur.sag, gudud =qar-ra-du Igituh 187 f.; gu-u GUD = qa[r] -ra-du, lu-uiIdu II 213f.; gu 4-ud GUD = qar-ra-du Ea IV 136;gu-tu(var. -ud) SAGXUR = qar-ra-du Sb I 248;

UDgu-ud-gu-udGUD = DINGIR (var. omits) qar-ra-duCT 25 36 r. 25, var. from 35 r. 19 (list of gods).

u-mun u = qar-ra-du A II/4:84; [d-kur] [GAL.§AH] = qar-ra-du Diri VI D 13'; [ui-u-um] BoR =rqarl-ra-du VAT 10296:6 (text similar to Idu),cf. aSaridu, qar-ra-du, git-[ma-lu] (Sum. broken)CT 19 7 79-7-8,60 r. 3ff. (group voc.); an.gar =dSin, qar-ra-du, AN qar-ra-du SilbenvokabularA 86; gar.an = qar-r[a-du], qar-ra-[du-tu] ibid. 87.

gu 4 .ud nim.kur.ra mu.lu ta.zu [mu.un.zu] : qar-ra-du aqu §a mtu gattuk mannu il[am=mad] exalted hero of the country, who under-stands your form? SBH p. 36 No. 18:1f., cf.gud : qar-rad ibid. p. 20 No. 9:28f.; gud.dau5 .a : qar-ra-du Saqi ibid. p. 137 No. IV 54 f., cf.also p. 23 No. 10:62f.; An.me.a (var. dA.me.a)gu si.s tu..a = qar-rad a i- d-rid dl-bu An =Anum II 117a.

me.e ur.sag.me.en : andku qar-ra-da-kuStudies Albright 345:22; e ur. sag : e qar-radLugale V 29; for other bil. refs. with Sum. corr.ur.sag see mngs. 1 and 2.

ga-nun-du, ur-4d-nu, kasuifu, dlilu, pi-ia-a-nu,allallu, mamlu, etellu, §a-ga-pi-ru = qar-ra-du MalkuI 22-30; la-nu-du, ur-Sa-nu, ur-su-nu, qar-du, qar-ra-du, qi-ra-a-du, pi-ia-a-mu, dapnu, datnu, al-[t]ar-rum, itpubu, biru, kassusu, mutu, dru, kaliu =qar-ra-[du] Explicit Malku I 95 ff.; ililu, ur-.d-nu,mutu, karubu, kaSisu, Ial-ba-bu, muqtablu, kaulu =qar-ra-du LTBA 2 2:39-46; Sa-nun-du = qar-ra-duCT 18 27 i 20; mu-tu-ul-[ful = qar-ra-du LTBA 22:396, dupl. CT 18 24 K.4219 r. 15.

[x]-li : qar-ra-du Lambert BWL 82 comm. toline 210 (Theodicy Comm.).

1. hero - a) referring to a god - 1'in gen.: ur.sag sa.Au.u§.kal.bi ld.erim.ma iu.a : qar-ra-du a §ulkallaAuajdbu isahhapu (Ninurta) hero whose netswoops down on the enemy Lugale I 13;dNin.urta ur.sag.me.en : dMIN qar-ra-dat Ninurta, you are a hero Angim II22 (= 81), and passim in Lugale and Angim re-ferring to Ninurta, note: ur.sa g. hur.sag.g .kex(KID) : qar-[ra-dul adi Angim II35(= 94); a .ni ur.sag.Am : §a ediSiluqar-ra-du (Meslamtaea) who alone is heroBollenrticher Nergal p. 42 No. 7:5f., cf. g a anan. na A§.ni GI KID (var. ur. sag) : Itarel-te-ni qar-ra-da-at SBH p. 136 No. IV 17 f.,var. from CT 42 pi. 4 iv 23 (unilingual version),

qarradualso (referring to a goddess) qar-ra-da-ku-ma I (Bau) am heroic Or. NS 36 122:101;ur.sag me.l6m.mah Au.gir.ru :qar-ra-du 4a melamme giruti nal2 Borger,Symbolae Bohl 48:9f.; §a maru qar-ra-dumutir gimillini ninu a zanini i nulli 6umulet us (the gods) extol the name of ourprovider (Marduk), of the son, the herowho avenged us En. el. VI 163; da§Uu-a-na-biSANABI : MIN (= Ninurta) 5d qar-ra-di CT25 11:30 (list of gods); ur.sag §ul dUtUi :qar-ra-du etlu Sama 4R 17:3f., and passimin bil. addressing Ramag, also UR.SAG §ULdUTU (against amad qu-ra-du in Akk.lit.) CT 37 2 i 25 (Akk., Samsuiluna); noteqar-ra-du etlu Nergal (corr. to ur.sagul dUtu) Gilg. XII 78, also ibid. 77 and 82;

[UR].SAG (var. qar-ra-du) Marduk BMS11:1, see Ebeling Handerhebung 72, and passimin this text, UR.SAG (var. qar-ra-du) Nergalibid. 34, cf. ibid. 30, see von Soden, Iraq 31 83,also ZA 43 17:52, ur.sag dAsal.lu.hi :qar-ra-du Marduk BA 5 396 K.5201:5f., andpassim in SB lit., also Dream-book 342 79-7-8,77:9,5R 62 No. 2:46 (gamag-Aum-ukin); rg 1.me.en [ur].sag.gA dAsal.lu.hi : ana-ku(copy §u) Sd qar-ra-di dAMAR.UD RT 19 49No. 4 (MB? seal); ur.sag dLugal.gir.ra :[qa]r-ra-du Lugalgirra AfO 14 142:29f.;note qar-ra-du Irra (for the usual qurdduIrra) Cagni Erra I 76; UR.SAG NingirsuWeidner Gestirn-Darstellungen 24 Libra 41 VAT7816:18; iti dNin.gir.su ur.sag : ITINingirsu qar-ra-di KAV 218 A i 17 and 24(Astrolabe B); Ninurta qar-ra-[du] AAA 20pl. 100 No. 105 r. 29 (Adn. III), also JRAS 1920567 K.2279+r. 13; dIr.re.e ur.sag : Ere[§qar]-ra-du SBH p. 138 No. IV 106f.; dEn-lilqar-rad m[a$qdr aliu (?)] (name of a wallof Assur) KAV 43 iii 7, see Frankena Takultu125:138; Zababa qar-ra-du-um ra-bi-umCH xliii 82; (gama) qar-ra-du rabiu VAB4 102 ii 31 (Nbk.), also (referring to BamaS):ur.sag ur.sag. gal : qar-ra-du qar-ra-du rab SBH p. 47 No. 23:1 f., p. 48 No. 24:13f.,AJSL 35 138 Ki. 1904-10-9,64 obv. (!) 16 f., restoredfrom dupl. Rm. 379 + Rm. 2,218:11; ur.sag.gal : qar-ra-du rab (referring to Nergal)

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qarraduBA 5 642 No. 10:9f., (Enbilulu) Weissbach Misc.pl. 13:5f., dupl. 4R 18 No. 2, (Ninurta) qar-ra-du rabi Streck Asb. 78 ix 84, wr. UR.SAG GAL BBR No. 25:3, (Nergal?) 4R 30 No.1:4f. and 8f.; zi dBa.u dam ur.sag.gal(var. adds .la).kex [he.pad] : niBa[u a]lti qar-ra-du rabi lu [tamdt] beconjured by DN, the wife of the great heroArOr 21 385:33f., cf. [da]m.ur.sag.[. . .] :[anal al-ti qar-ra-[di] OECT 6 pl. 19:1 f.(coll. R. Borger); dandn qar-ra-di rabi Marsduk the power of the great hero MardukBorger Esarh. 28 vii 13, cf. UR.SAG GAL-UDN Weidner Gestirn-Darstellungen 25 passim, 42r. 6, 45 passim; igi dGIR.UNU.GAL ur.sag.kala.ga dEn.lil.la.kex : ina mahardMIN qar-ra-du(var. -di) dan-nu(var. -ni)§a Enlil CT 16 15:16f.; ana Nergal qar-ra-du gitmdlu Streck Asb. 176 No. 5:1; anaLugalmarada qar-ra-du muttallu CT 3623 i 16, of. Lugalmarada belu lurbu UR.SAGmug-da-Bar ibid. 35 (Nbn.); (Girra) u r. sagmah.di dEn.ki.ga.kex : qar-rad tiz:qdru la dMIN BA 5 648 No. 14:4; ilu Sibittiqar-rad la aandn Cagni Erra 18, 18, and passim,also RA 22 87:1 (Sar.); [qar]-ra-du la pddgalri ilz ahhieu Streck Asb. 182:49; inpersonal names: DINGIR-qar-rad YOS 4156:1, DINGIR-su-qd-ra-ad N569 (unpub.),E-la-qd-ra-ad Pinches Berens Coll. 80:21 (allOAkk.); Sin-qar-ra-ad YOS 14 145:29, 158:5,etc.; I-li-qar-ra-ad ibid. 131:5 (OB); DINGIR-UR.SAG MRS 6 169 RS 16.145:5, 195 RS11.839:21, DINGIR-ka-ra-ad JEN 39:12,291:11, amal-qar-ra-ad JEN 611:6, etc.;Qar-rad-§e-mi UET 7 19:5 (MB); for MAnames of the type DN-UR.SAG, UR.SAG-DNsee Saporetti Onomastica s.v. qarrddu; mEN-UR.SAG KBo 1 14 r. 11 and 18.

2' used as a superlative with a fol-lowing genitive: dir.ra ur.sag dingir.re.e.ne : Nergal.. .qar-rad ilz BA 5 642No. 10:3f., cf. qar-rad ili ni-bit-su STC 1205:18, see Ebeling Handerhebung 94, cf. CraigABRT 1 59:9; Irra qar-rad ilz Cagni Erra I 5,also 40, 130, cf. (Nergal) Wiseman Treaties 455,Streck Asb. 196 No. 7:22, OECT 6 pi. 29 K.3507

qarradur. 15 (Asb. colophon), also (referring to Sin) LyonSar. 9:57, (Nabi) Craig ABRT 1 5:3 (NA), seeStreck Asb. 344, (Ninurta) AKA 243 i 6 (Asn.),KAR 31:10, wr. UR.SAG DINGIR.ME§ 1R29 i 3 (gami-Adad V); dl qar-rad ili laqed t-Ux(GI§GAL)-lu WO 4 32 v 4 (Shalm. III);ur.sag A.nun.na.e.ne : qar-ra-duAnunnaki ArOr 21 361:18f.; Ninurta qar-rad(!) IgigzuAnunnakki Layard 87:9 (Shalm.III), also KAH 2 89:9, 90:3, 91:2 (all Tn. II),KAH 2 84:2 (Adn. II), AnSt 19 116:9 (Asn.);Adad ... aAarid Igigi qar-rad AnunnakckUnger Reliefstele 3 (Adn. III); (Ninurta) UR.SAG Igig AKA 255 i 2 (Asn.); for further refs.see Tallqvist Gotterepitheta 162ff.; note re-ferring to a goddess: AguSaja qd-ra-adi-li RA 15 179 vii 6 (OB Agugaja B).

b) said of a king: gar-kali-arri ilumUR.SAG Akkadi Adab 767 (unpub. OAkk.),cited MAD 3 27; UR.SAG gamil Larsam thehero, the one who spared Larsa CH ii 32;Hammurapi lugal ur.sag kala.ga :Sarrum qar-ra-du-um dannum the king,the mighty hero LIH 60 iv 6, of. ana Samssuiluna 6arrim dannim re'im qar-ra-dimYOS 9 35 ii 64; urdndku qar-ra-da-ku (var.UR.SAG-ku) I am indeed a hero AKA265 i 32 (Asn.), also KAH 2 84:15 var. (Adn. II);ina 3 umeUR.SAG adu ihLza in three daysthe hero (king) penetrated into the moun-tain (to find and defeat the enemy) AKA271 i 51 (Asn.), also, wr. qar-ra-du 3R 8 ii 71(Shalm. III); RN UR.SAG AKA 306 ii 35 (Asn.);qar-ra-du gitm[dl]u Borger Esarh. 96:22;qar-rad par-ri-k[i] Borger Einleitung 103:4(AA§ur-re§-iti I); qar-ra-ad qar-ra-[de-e]hero of heroes VAB 4 66 i 12 (Nabopolassar),cf. qar-ra-ad qar-r[a-di ... ] (corr. tour.sag ur.sag.e.ne TLB 2 3:11) UET 1146 Fragm. B ii 2', see Sjoberg, ZA 54 51 f., alsoqar-rad qar-ra-di STT 70:3, see RA 53 132;umma Sami RN arri rabi ar mat HattiUR.SAG thus says the Sun, Suppiluliuma,the great king, the king of Hatti, the heroMRS 9 48 RS 17.340:1, ibid. 40 RS 17.227:2,and passim in the titles of Hittite kings in treaties,for refs. see Labat L'Akkadien p. 185, rarely

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qarridu

as title of the king of Egypt: RN §arrurabi ar Mi4ri UR.SAG KBo 1 7:4, 5, 6,25:6; see also Seux Epithetes 229-231; note ina personal name: Samsuiluna-qar-ra-adCT 45 48:5 (OB).

c) other occs.: umma ima andku qar-ra-da-ku-u-mi elteqemi atta §a tamahharuma muhurmi he (said): Am I a hero?I have taken (the house), as for you, getwhatever you can A XII/66:24 (unpub. Susaletter, courtesy J. Bottkro); lillu mdru pandi'allad le' qar-du (var. qar-ra-[du]) aani nibissu (see qardu mng. le) Lambert

BWL 86:263 (Theodicy); [§umma ana] kuqar-ra-da-ku ibdA if (he says) "I am ahero," he will come to shame ZA 43 96:8(Sittenkanon), cf. sarrdr qar-ra-ad (apod.)Labat Suse 8 r. 29, 6umma qar-rad CT 51147:32; libbu ddn libbu qar-rad kima neiima[l]i puluh[tu] the heart is strong, theheart is a hero, it is full of terror like a lionKiichler Beitr. pl. 4 iii 65; urudu.nig.kala.ga ur.sag.an.na.kex: MIN-U qar-ra-du (var. qar-rad) Anim CT 16 24 i 25and 27; ur.sag na 4 .gi .nUx(IR). galgar(var. [k]a(?)) .ra.du.um.bi uruba.ab.lah 4.lah4 (var. ba.ab.lah.e) :qar-ra-du NA 4 MIN qar-rad-su-nu dldniiallal4uniti Lugale I 38; as personal name:Qar-ra-du ARM 5 72 r. 6' and 19', etc., alsoOBT Tell Rimah 322 ii 42, Loretz Chagar Bazar40:8; Qar-ra-di Iraq 30 pl. 45 TR 2021+ :16,JCS 7 126 No. 12:1, 14 (MA), PN DUMU Qar-ra-di-im JCS 9 101 No. 98:11 (OB), also,wr. Qa-ra-ti MRS 6 106 RS 16.206:6; as geo-graphic name: URU Qar-ra-di Iraq 17 40No. 9:18 (NA).

2. warrior - a) in lit.: anna mithu=rumma a qar-ra-di now is the clashingof the warriors RA 45 172:17 (OB lit.);ur.sag.dib.ba.mu : qar-r[a-du] aakmin the warriors I have captured AngimIV 6 (= 158); u[r.sag A].rgan1 i.me.eS.a Sa.di.e in.da.an.gl.la.e§.aa.ba sag mu.un.gA.g6 : an[a] qar-ra-di gitmdluti a [i]Stn libba laknu man-nu-i a-lia-ar <<ar who will go against

qarradu

mighty warriors who have but one pur-pose? Lambert BWL 268 iii 5, cf. [ur.sag.k]ala.ga a.gi 6.a gaba gi 4 .gi 4 .aqar-ra-du-u da[nnutu ... ] only a strongwarrior can resist a flood ibid. 265:8;dam ur.sag.rgt.kej dumu ban.da.e dumu.ni mu.un. ub : alti qar-ra-du martu Qihirtu mara4u iddi thewarrior's wife lost (from her womb) thelittle girl, her child SBH p. 131 No. I 60f.;ekkalu qar-ra-du ina buginnija warriorseat from a trough made of me (the tam-arisk) Lambert BWL 158:23 (MA Tamariskand Date Palm), cf. ina bukinnija [ik]kaluqa-r[a-du] ibid. 156 r. 4 (OB version); inabdb qar-ra-di a raAubbata mal [inae]rebika KAR 3:11; (hand) Sa ... kimaSeti ukattimu qar-ra-du which covers thewarrior like a net Maqlu III 162; qar-ra-di-u lidamqit may she (ITtar) strike downhis warriors CH xliv 8; you (Igtar) areekallu munapp[igat] qar-ra-di a palacewhich crushes the warriors (within it)Gilg. VI 35, cf. le'itu mudammiqat para4qar-ra-di BA 5 627 No. 4 ii 6; kz UR.SAGmuttahhip ina damsa Qallat she (thewoman in childbirth) lies in her own bloodlike a fighting warrior Iraq 31 31:40 (inc.);ihuzma qar-ra-di-i-la Idiglat ina kutldtisiparri iskir she (Ittar) took her warriors(and) dammed up the Tigris with bronzefences CT 15 2 viii 7 (OB lit.), see Romer,WO 4 13; lizuzu hurd4a UR.SAG RN let thewarriors of Sargon divide the gold VAS12 193:20 (ar tamhari), cf. ibid. 23 and passimin this text, note ul qar-ra-da-nu we areno warriors ibid. 18; ar arrdni pi4u[zpulamma] ana qar-ra-a-ti-[Su izakkar]qar-ra-ti-ia-ma 6imd [. . .] KUB 37 139:6f.;for QAR-RA-[DI-IA] as Akkadogram in Hitt.see Giiterbock, ZA 44 70:18; note the ad-jectival pl.: 7 lm qar-ra-du-tu-u-a (inbroken context) Bauer Asb. 1 pi. 24 K.2634:4(SB lit.); qar-ra-du-ti-ka uur AnSt5 108: 163(Cuthean legend).

b) in omen texts: larrum qd-ra-diiralli the king will acquire (enough) war-

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qarradfutu

riors YOS 10 42 i 9, ii 63, and 41:65, wr.qd-ar-ra-di RA 67 42:24 (all OB ext.), cf.rub2 qar-ra-de-e irag4i Leichty Izbu V 98,Sarru UR.SAG.ME§ irali ibid. XVII 59, cf.ibid. VII 145, BRM 4 13:57, rubc UR.SAG.MEAiragi TCL 6 3:35 (SB ext.); qd-ar-ra-duja'utun u a LtI.KUR iteni imaqqutu mywarriors as well as those of the enemywill fall (in battle) YOS 10 42 iv 22 (OBext.), cf. rubi u UR.SAG.ME9-42 mithdri4imaqqutu Boissier DA 96:15 (SB ext.), qd-ra-du Sut reim imaqqutu YOS 10 42 iv 3,qar-ra-da-an gina imuttanim ibid. 31 ix 25;qa[r(?)-r]a-ad LUGA[L an]a nakrim igtaddih RA 67 44:48, cf. ibid. 50 (all OB ext.);Sarru UR.SAG.MES-i inirrulu the king'sown warriors will slay him Labat Calen-drier § 66':6, cf. CT 20 7 K.3999:16; eli UR.SAG.ME -e-l puluhtU SUB. UB-Ut BRM 413:8; 9A.HUL UR.SAG.MEA-U-a [...] (inbroken context) CT 20 12 K.6393 r. 2 and 4,cf. CT 31 14 K.2090 ii 6 (all SB ext.).

qarradfitu s.; heroism, valor, bravery;OB, Bogh., SB; cf. qardu.

ur.sag = qar-ra-du, nam.ur.sag = qar-ra-du-tu CT 19 33 79-7-8,30+37:8f.; gar.an = DU-X-X,ru-um-mu-ku, qar-r [a-du], qar-ra-[du-tu] Silben-vokabular A 87.

lipiA.m6.am nam.ur.sag.ga A.nam.ur.sag.g A me.[e] : qurri tdhazi idi qar-ra-du-tiemiqdn [qa]r-ra-du-ti ana-[ku] I (Iitar) am theheart of battle, the arm of heroism, the strengthof heroism SBH p. 105 No. 56:27f.; a.a.zuA.nam.ur.sag. g.zu.9 nig.ba ha.ra.an.b a. : abaka ana idi qar-ra-du-ti-ka qgita liqgikayour father should give you a present because ofyour heroic strength Angim II 31 (= 90), also ibid.32 (= 91), and passim in Angim, cf. a.nam.ur.sag. g.mu = ana idi qar-ra-du-ti-ia LugaleXI 12; ur.sag nam.ur.sag.ga.a.ni pa.6.a.k ex(KID) : qar-ra-du d qar-ra-du-us-su diupta thehero whose heroism is manifest Angim IV 49(= 201); nam.[ur].sag Au.du,: qar-ra-du-tamJuklulu ArOr 21 376:50.

mig~u dandnu qar-ra-du-ti-ka what hasbecome of your great valor? (addressingEnkidu) Gilg. Y. iv 145 (OB); idt qar-ra-du-ut-ka 6arrdni itanaddaru qabalka thekings know your valor, they fear your

qarratu

attack Tn.-Epic "ii" 11; qar-ra-du-t a iSzmininni il rabiti the heroism whichthe great gods bestowed on me StreckAsb. 258 i 29, cf. (the king) §a A ur ...Ihtar ... imat qar-ra-du-ti i6smu ibid.308 e 1; [. . .] ana qar-ra-du-ut-ti-ka4 andkud M [. .. ] GI.TUKUL.HI.A qar-ra-du-tiandku ad-x-[...] [. .. ] for your valor, I,the storm god, will give(?) you weaponsof valor KUB 3 87:21f.; (the king) §aina mezez qar-ra-du-ti-vu ulekniu rubekal Sarrdni who with the fierceness ofhis bravery subjugates the rulers, all thekings Weidner Tn. 26 No. 16:9, cf. Rost Tigl.III p. 74:24; tamhdk tilpdnu iiqu ulapralsimat qar-ra-du-ti I can handle the throwstick, I can let the arrow fly, as befitsvalor Streck Asb. 256 i 21; ana simat qar-ra-du-ti-d Sa DN in order to (make it)fitting for Iitar's bravery (I rebuilt hertemple) AAA 19 109 (pl. 86) No. 272:34 (Asn.),cf. (a processional chariot) rukibu ...simat qar-ra-du-ti-Su RA 11 112 ii 21, dupl.CT 36 23 ii 21 (Nbn.); musaru ~ifir §umijau tanitti qar-ra-du-ti-ia a foundationdocument inscribed with my name and thepraise of my heroism Piepkorn Asb. 98 viii76, also Iraq 30 103:76 (Asb.); qurdi Arurbelija u tanitti qar-ra-du-ti-id iqanabbdhe proclaimed again and again the powerof Ai§ur, my lord, and the praise of myheroism Borger Esarh. 103 i 7; rubt a ta=nitti qar-ra-du-ti-ia idabbubu mdhira ajiri the prince who will utter the praiseof my (Irra's) heroism shall have no rivalCagni Erra V 52, cf. tanitti qar-ra-du-tiAS ur Borger Esarh. 99 r. 50, cf. ibid. 89 iii 6,also tanitti qar-ra-du-ti-u ibid. 91 § 61:5,also AfO 20 94:109 (Senn.); note ga paraqqar-du-ti (var. qar-ra-du-te) 6uklulat (seeqardutu) KAH 2 84:4 (Adn. II).

qarratIu s.; (a plant); plant list.*(i pi-ndr-tzt: i6 qar-[r]at-hu (vars. qa-frat-hu,

qa-a[r-rat-hu]) Uruanna II 498.

qarrltu s.; (name of a month and of afestival in Assyria); OA, MA, NA.

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qarriguITI Qar-ra-a-ti = ITI SE.KIN.KUD 5R 43 r. 12

(list of months), see Bab. 6 181:72.

a) name of a month - 1' in OA: ITI.KAM Qd-ra-a-tim CCT 5 19a: 7, 45b:5', KienastATHE 55:6, ICK 1 143:16, ITI.1.KAM Qd-ra-a-tim Hecker Giessen 16:26, and passim inOA.

2' in MA: ITI Qar-ra-a-tu AOB 1 88No. 9:38 (Adn. I), also VAS 19 14:37, 25 leftedge, 68:19, KAJ 131:12, AfO 10 36 No. 68:13,and passim, wr. Qar-ra-tu KAJ 49:24,AfO 10 36 No. 67:9, No. 69:7, and passim, Qar-ra-a-tum KAJ 43:20, 99:28, Qar-ra-te AfO10 37 No. 72:13, Qar-ra-a-te ibid. 36 No. 64:1;itu ITI Qar-ra-te KAJ 306a:1, 5, 12, adiITI Qar-ra-a-ti KAJ 80:3, ITI Qar-ratKAJ 196:11; note ITI Qar-ra-tu.ME§ KAJ118:24.

b) name of a festival (NA): 1 (BAN)UD.17.KAM 1 (BAN) UD.18.KAM a ITI.§Eina qar-rat one seah (of wine) on the 17th,one seah on the 18th of the month ofAddaru at the q. (festival) (cf. naphar xkardnu §a i-si-na-a-te line 12) KAV 79 r. 9.

In OA, Qarrdtu is the eighth month ofthe eponymy year, see Larsen The Old As-syrian City-State 53 n. 18.

Hirsch Untersuchungen 55 n. 282.

qarrilu (qarsu) s.; (a caterpillar); SB.n[a-x]-u = qa-ri-4u An IX 85.u-ia-a-hu (var. u-a-u-hu) : nap-pi-lu qar-ri- 4,

nap-pi-lu: na-pu-u qar-ri-Su (var. qar-su) ad ep-riUruanna III 260 f., in MSL 8/2 64, var. from KocherPflanzenkunde 21 ii 12.

[.. .]-i qa-ri-ii irtanab[bi4?] [if] acaterpillar lies [in.. .] (in broken context)Dream-book 321 Sm. 1458:x+6.

Landsberger Fauna 128.

qarru adj.; (mng. unkn.); SB.*<ina kibsa qar-ra ikunu ina 6peija

they have laid a .... path for my feetLambert BWL 200 i 15, and delete this ref.from karru B s.

qaru A

qarru s.; (a topographic feature); Nuzi.*a[Sum] 8 awihari A.§A §a ina muhhi

rqarl-ri 4ibuti mugelwu a eqli ana panida[jdni] iqtabt A.SA 8 awi[hari a ina]muhhi qar-ri nenu nugelw' (PN broughtsuit against PN2) in the matter of an eight-awiharu field that is on the q., the wit-nesses who surveyed the field said to thejudges: We ourselves surveyed the eight-awiharu field that is on the q. JEN 650:5and 8; 8 awihari fA.§A1 ga ina muhhi qar-ri addin ibid. 17; 8 awihari A.SA Sa muhhiqar-ri ilteqe ibid. 20.

qarruhu (AHw. 905b) see qardhu andqarrathu.

qarrurtu see qarurtu.

qarrutu s.; (mng. unkn.); lex.*[x.x g]al.la = [qarl-ru-tum Nabnitu 0 341.

qarsu see qarriu.

qarfu see karqu.

qartappu see kartappu.

qarfuppu see qan tuppi.

*qarf (qariu) adj.; invited; NA; cf.qeru.

47074 ERIN.ME SAL.ME§ qa-ri-u-tix invited men and women (as guests atthe banquet of AgAur-nair-apli II) Iraq 1435 iv 142.

qarfi see kar2 B and qer.

qarraru see qardru s.

qru A s.; (an ornament); MA, NA.A total of 449 gold rosettes Sa kisitte

riksi inbe upir'e u qa-ri Sa alamite for thetrunk, the branches, the flowers, and thebuds, and the q. ornaments(?) of thealamitu tree AfO 18 302 i 16 (MA inv.), cf.

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qiru B(precious stones) ina qa-a-ri §a riksdnion the ornamental design of the bandsibid. 7, also [.. . in]-be u pir'e 6 qa-a-ria libbi riksdni ibid. 3; qa-a-ru a hurdai

issu muhhi paM uri uttdri a ina pan DNiqalapa (PN committed a robbery) hepeeled off the golden q. from the ....table that is in front of the Iitar (statue)ABL 1389:8.

Kocher, AfO 18 309.

qaru B s.; (mng. unkn.); lex.*GIGai-im-mu dUTU / si-im-[(x)]-mu qa-ri CT 41

45 BM 76487:15 (Uruanna comm., coll. W. vonSoden), cf. [aIo] dUTU : sim-mu §a[m-Si] CT 37 27iii 5.

qarurtu (or qarrurtu) s.; (mng. unkn.);MA, NA; pl. qarrurdtu.

3-su qa-ru-ur-td mu-bu-u kare onethird of a q., (of) a stomach's thicknessvan Driel Cult of AAur 100 x 8' (coll. from photo-graph); 2 kirru 12 li-bu 12 qar-ru-ra-tuVAS 19 29:15 (MA).

qarfiru s.; receding (of water); SB*;cf. qardru v.

illik dribima qa-ru-ra a m z'murmamy raven went out, it saw the recedingof the waters Gilg. XI 153.

Schott, ZA 41 217.

qaspu (or qazpu) s.; (a tool); NA.*5 qa-as-pe parzilli Postgate Palace Archive

155 iv 15.

*qapapu v.; to be angry; WSem. glossin EA; IV (only WSem. perfect attested).

ul tidi atta mat Amurri urra m ila tu=ba'una qdbe pitdte u-ul ta-Ja-a4 // na-aq-ga-pu do you not know that the Amurruare asking for the archers day and night,is it (Amurru) not distressed, gloss: arethey (not) angry? EA 82:51, cf. [at]ta.6a andku [//na]-aq-ea-ap-ti EA 93:5 (bothletters of Rib-Addi).

qagdu

qagaru see kadru.

qagirtu (or kagirtu) s.; (mng. unkn.);lex.*

eme.u(?).a.§a = qa-qi-ir-tum Sag Bil. Re-cension B 233; i[nim.x.x] .x = qa-i-ir-tum ibid.288.

Since the orthography of this recensionpoints to a north Syrian provenience, theword may represent an aberrant spellingof kagirtu or may be a WSem. word.

qafabitti see qdt ibitti.

qaggibitti see qdt ibitti.

qaui see kai A.

qaiadu see kadidu, qa4du, and qulSudu.

**qaAlu (AHw. 906a) ABL 713:10 isprobably to be emended to ak(!)-tal(!)-dc-6i I imprisoned him, cf. Aa-ab-ta kil-ds-8G ibid. 7.

qagbu s.; (a variety of dates); NB*;Aram. word(?).

4 (BAN) asn2 5 (BAN) qa-dd-bi u iltenkuaja x Telmun dates, x q., and onecold weather(?) date palm VAS 3 180:11.

von Soden, Or. NS 46 192.

qaldatu s.; (a priestess);qaddu.

m[u.g]ibx(GIL) = nu.gig =itar[itu] Emesal Voc. II 78f.

lex.*; cf.

qa-dg-[da-tu],

Byform of qadiStu, q.v.

qagdu (fem. qaditu) adj.; holy; OB,SB; cf. qaddu.

UDta-am-maMA = qd-al-du (var. qa-d4-du) Erim-hu§ V 117.

al-lum, qa-dS-du = al-luin An VIII 47 f.

a) said of gods: ilu qd-aA-du-tum(text-kum) 6unu lilliluka may the holy godscleanse you CT 42 32:13, dupl. ilu qd-

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qalduaJ-du-tum kaluSunu a Aadim lillipukamay all the holy gods of the mountainsconjure you Bohl Leiden Coll. 2 3:9 (OB inc.),see von Soden, BiOr 18 71 f.; enimapi qa-d-diLUH-U when you wash the mouth ofthe holy one Or. NS 34 112 K.10664:6.

b) said of a temple: rfl.UL.MA qa-d-du Subat ilz [.. .] 4R 58 i 4 with unpub.join, courtesy F. Kocher, cf. Ul-ma qa-d[-du]Ugaritica 6 398:21 (Lamatu).

c) said of offerings: parqz Esagil qa-dg-du-te ana adrilunu utir I restored theholy rites of Esagil Borger Esarh. 24:13;gumdhz riMtIti gukkalli maruti zi'b qa-dg-du-ti ... aqqima I made sacrifices con-sisting of first-quality bulls, fattened guk;kallu sheep, (and) holy food offerings BohlLeiden Coll. 3 p. 35:33, also RA 10 203 iv 13(both Sin-Aar-ilkun).

d) other occs.: libkica Ulai qa-di-tulet the holy Ulai River mourn you JCS 892:11, dupl. K.9997:5 (Gilg. VIII i 18); ummaqd-a4-da-at YBC 1299:7 (OB), cited AHw. s.v.qacadu; ahu la qa-Sid [...] the pig isunclean(?) [...] Lambert BWL 215 r. 13;

amui qd-aS-[du], [...] KI-tim qd-a -da-[at] Maqlu VI 76f., restored from K.13241, alsoK.10341:3 f., see W. G. Lambert, JSS 19 84.

For MSL 4 28 Emesal Voc. III 14 see kafddulex. section; for STT 394 (= Malku VIII) 109 seeqardu.

qatdu see *qatu.

qadfitu s.; status of a qaditu woman;lex.*; cf. qadaiu.

Aa .ki.Ag.a.ni.ta nam.nu.gig.a.niin.ne.in.tuk.tuk : ina r4meu qd-al-du-us-su hussu because of his love forher, he married her even though she wasa qadi4tu woman Ai. VII iii 9f.

qalatu s.; (a consecrated woman);Mari; cf. qaddiu.

PN qa-a-Ja-tum (beside women desig-nated as amat PNor as almattum "widow")

qatu

ARM 9 291 i 5, 14, 36, ii 3, 4, 19, 23, and passimin this text; note PN qa-ag-a-at ibid. i 21.

Apparently, qalatum is a Mari byformto qaditu. For Alalakh refs. see ka1i2adj. See also qadu adj.

qa§§u see kal4u A and B and qadu.

*qaltu (or qaldu, fern. qaittu) adj.; (qual-ifying a type of net); lex.*

gig.sa.galam.kad = qa-git-tum .... net Hh.VI 180; gig.sa.galam.kad 5 = qa-it-tum = MIN(= §e-e-tum) Hg. A II 34, in MSL 6 78.

qatu (qaltu) s. fem.; 1. bow, 2. archer,3. (a constellation or star), 4. bow fief,i.e., land granted by the king to whichoriginally was attached the obligation tooutfit an archer; from OA, OB on; pl.qagdtu; wr. syll. and (GI§.)PAN, in mng. 2also LoT.(GI .)PAN; cf. qagtu in bel qati,qatu in bit qati, qatu in rab qagti, qatuin §a qaSti.

pa-na PAN = MIN (= [qa-a.-tum]) A VIII/4:83,also Sb I 288; GIS.Pa-aPAN = q[a]-aS-tum AntagalC 247; GI .PAN = qdl-tu Hh. VII A 48; gi-e GIL =qa-d-tu A III/1:237; te-er GIS.TIR = qd-al-tum,pa-na GIS.PAN = qd-a4-tum Proto-Diri 132f.; te-erTIR = qi-tum, qa-ag-tum A VII/4:83f.

[GIsgi'-e-buR]U, [GI§][il-lu-luRU = til-pa-nu = qa-a4-[tu x x] Hg. B II 61f., in MSL 6 109, [gig.RU]. du = dliktu = qa-aS-[tu] ma-li-tum, [gi 4. Ru.zi]= te-bi-tum = MIN MIN, [gi6.RU.nigin] = sa-hir-tum = MIN MIN, [gi.RU.6ub.ba] = [m]a-qit-tum = MIN ra-mit, [giA.Ru.me.te] = [atml] 9a

Su-ti-i = qa-[Sat] kad-[re-e] ibid. 63 ff.[L(I.PAN] = [9a qd-aS]-rtiml OB Lu A 453;

Lt.GI.PAN Bab. 7 pi. 5 ii 30, see MSL 12 238;lu.pan, lu.pan.zu.zu (after lu.bara 2.tag.tag, 16.ma.an.du.um = e-pi-i ba-Sa-mi) OB LuD 296f.; L[.ZADIM.GI].[PAN.ME1 MSL 12 234ii B 23 (NA list of professions).

mul.[giA.pan] = [qa]-dS-tum Hh. XXII Sec-tion 10:6.

mir lu.ra te.a.ta s'pan a.ma.uru5 .mu :ibba Sa ana amli ite dT qa-a-t [alubija] (I

hold) the serpent which attacks man, the bow ofmy abiibu weapon Angim III 35 (= 142); ofRzag h[6].e.*ckbe gi tir h6.e.l da.ba.anrfu.tag1.ga.ab si'mud [tu.t]i (?).a.ab : anan=tam kiqsar q[d-a-t]am i-Ji lar-[da]-pa tu-ru-[u]kak[ka] tumu[h] get ready for battle, take up the

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qatu labow, pull taut the reins, grasp the mace 2N-T343(= A 29975) r. 6 (MB).

til-pa-n[u] = [qa-a4-tu] Malku III 17; PA.NA =qa-a -ti Izbu Comm. 117; sir = qa-dJ-tu JRAS1917 103 r. 36 (Kassite vocab.), see Balkan Kassit.Stud. 4.

1. bow - a) parts, manufacture, opera-tion: GI§ qa-Sa-tim egetim . .. maJkisarputim li-ha-ab/p-b/pu-i-na-ti u epi=tam ana libbim literru oGI qa-Sa-tum ginaittija ana harrdnim illaka they shouldwrap (?) the new bows with tanned leatherand turn the end toward the center (i.e.,bend the bows?), these bows will go onthe campaign with me ARM 18 9:4 and 10;(large amounts of some material) inamuhhi 8 ERIN.MES GAL.ME§ LfT.ZADIM.PAN.ME§ ana i4kar x [...] §a 500 Gi§.PAN.MES ana epdSe charged to eight....of the bowmakers as working materialto make five hundred bows AfO 10 30and 50 VAT 15400 r. 9; sihpa fa GI§.PANegiani ana ikari a Lt.ZADIM dina (see

i4karu A mng. 2d) KAV 100:20; 20 GI§.PAN.MES la sahptum .. . a qgt PN sasinnitwenty bows not wrapped with bast (to bedelivered by) the bowmaker PN VAS 1920:2, cf. ibid. 11 and 17 (allMA); PNLt sasinnu§a GI§.PAN.ME§ HSS 13 445:21 (Nuzi); KU§gi(copy ri)-ril-di GUD] ana KU§ me-§e-e-tiId GI .PAN ox sinews for .... for bows(given to PN, the bowmaker) 82-7-14,2610r. 5 (NB); mummu GI.PAN ana qidatiki(return) frame of the bow to your forests(arrow to the canebrake, bow string to thesheep's tendon) RA 46 32 ff. ii 12, 26, 42, dupl.STT 19:79; iblimma GI .PAN kakkaSu uaddimulmullu uStarkiba ukinSi matnu (Mar-duk) fashioned a bow, designated it as hisweapon, he nocked an arrow (on it), fixeda bowstring on it En. el. IV 35, cf. ibid. 38;Summa GIS.PAN immelil Dream-book 329 r. ii11, also (with umalli, iddanaggal, ittanassuk) ibid.12ff., see Oppenheim, ibid. p. 286 n. 132; GIa.PAN 7 GI.KAK.UD.TAG.GA qaqqadparzilli.. .ina qteiu tuSalbassu .. . iltahu isabbatma ilalla GIS.PAN-ma ilakkanma youhave him (a man who does not know the

qagtu Ichouse) take in his hands a bow and seveniron-tipped arrows, he takes an arrow andshoots (it), he sets aside the bow LKA120:8 and 11 (namburbi), see Caplice, Or. NS 39142f.; GIS.PAN 5a GIS.MI (= gill) D-uS

you make a (model) bow out of a needle (?)(for context see matnu mng. 2) KocherBAM 272:4, restored from AMT 73,2:7, see Biggsgaziga 53; tulul GIS.PAN ukuduka imtalibillu (var. liblu) draw the bow, let yourarrows carry poison RA 46 28 i 10, dupl.STT 21 (SB Epic of Zu); ina irat GIS.PANqand ubilummu STT 19:60, also tu[lul]ina irat GIS.PAN-ka STT 21:111, also, wr.[qa-a]l-ti-ka RA 46 38 iii 14, 37; cobwebsare spun over our armor qa-6at-ni fdbtuibbalkitma idnina [e]li emuqini (see narbalkutu mng. 3g) Cagni Erra I 89; may thegods GIS.PAN ina qdtikunu lugabalkituWiseman Treaties 574; a tilpdnu la idu maldtGI§.PAN-U he who did not even know(how to hurl) the throw stick has his bownocked Cagni Erra IV 8; when I took overthe kingdom inuhu ulmeunu eelutiulapihu GIS.PAN-,u-un mal[ati] (seemale adj. usage e) Streck Asb. 260 ii 16.

b) types and decorations: 6 GIS.PAN.MES ina libbi 2-ta ak-ka-de-e-ti (besidelances, daggers, etc., as equipment ofbowmen) TCL 12 114:1, cf. 60 GIS.PAN.MEURIki-ti 60 GI.PAN.ME gimirru'zti sixtyAkkadian bows, sixty Cimmerian bowsAnOr 8 35:25, also YOS 6 237:3 and 15, 1-etGIS.PAN a-kat(!)-ti-tu 82-7-14,605:1 (allNB),see also *anSanu; 96 6ukurri kaspi gurpisikaspi GIS.PAN kaspi iltahi kaspi a nihziu ihzi hurJdu 96 silver lances, coats ofmail with silver scales, silver bows,silver arrows with gold inlay (as bootyfrom Urartu) TCL 3 378 (Sar.); x GIS.GIGIR.MES kaspi GIS.PAN kaspi ipat kaspi ibid.382, cf. (of copper) ibid. 394; for decoratedbows see EA 29:184 (let. of TuIratta), citedilpatu mng. lb.

c) used on the royal hunt: ina GiS.PAN-ia dannate Sukidparzilli u mulmullUjazaqtte (I killed four wild bulls) with my

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strong bow, iron (tipped) arrows, and mypointed mulmullu arrows AKA 85 vi 65(Tigl. I), cf. tmih GI.PAN la San*n ibid.84 vi 56; 5 nele ... ina GI§.PAN-a ezzeteusamqit AKA 226:34 (Asn.), cf. AKA 139 iv 7(Tigl. I); almad 5al GIS.PAN rukkib AN§E.KUR.RA GIA.GIGIR ,abdt aStte I learnedto shoot with a bow, ride a horse-drawnchariot, hold the reins Streck Asb. 4 i 34,for other refs. see gal, cf. §i-[l]a(?)-a(!)-

at qa-al-ti-du LKA 62:14, see Ebeling, Or. NS18 35.

d) used in warfare - 1' as royalweapon: belum ilz p[atram qd-d]S-tdmaritam liddinaSSum may the lord, my god,give him a dagger, a bow, (and) a shieldBelleten 14 228:74 (Irigum), see von Soden, Or.NS 25 145f. n. 1; Itar belet qabli u tahaziGIA.PAN dannatu giltahu Aamru iqSanniana qlti Borger Esarh. 46 ii 38, cf. ibid. 98r. 28, cf. also 65:8; GIE.PAN dannatu 6aAsurulatlima ina qdteja agbat OIP 2 44 v 71(Senn.); Ninurta u Nergal kakkeunu ezziteu GIA.PAN-SU-nU grta ana idi belitijailruku DN and DN 2 lent their fierce weap-ons and their supreme bow to my lordlyarm AKA 84 vi 59 (Tigl. I); ul [ina dand]nija ul ina dandni GOI.PAN-ia inae[muq] dandni i4tardtija (see dandnumng. 1) OECT 6 pl. 11 r. 4 (prayer of Asb.);for nice hubut GI§.PAN-ia Borger Esarh. 49iii 10, 59 v 48, and passim in Senn. and Esarh.,Camb. 334:4, see hubtu mng. 3b; amitKubaba sabiti §a zI-ma PAN MURUB 4muh-ri (appearance of) the liver (re-ferring to) (Queen) PN, the tavern keeper,referring to "...., receive the bow ofbattle" BM 75224 r. 13 (SB ext., coll. C. B. F.Walker), cf. the parallel: amut Kubbabi§a tibe 6alamtum GI§.P[AN (?) x] mu-uh-ri-iYOS 10 46 v 14 (OB ext.), cf. qa-Sat M[ ... ]Sm. 1093+ :7 (astrol.).

2' used by archers: (I captured withmy own hands) mundafh su na-Si GI§.PAN Rost Tigl. III p. 34:198, Suti n~d GI§.PAN Iraq 16 183:71 (Sar.), see also naMi2A v. mng. 2c-2'; IStar belet qabli u

qaltu letahazi ... idaja tazzizma GI.PAN-8u-nutaSbir the goddess of warfare stood atmy side and broke their (the enemies')bow Borger Esarh. 44 i 75, cf. (Itar) inaMi danni GI.PAN-ku-nu li,-bir WisemanTreaties 453, cf. ibid. 573, also Borger Esarh. 109iv 18, Streck Asb. 194 r. 25, cf. (IStar) GI§.PAN-8U-nu lzkim x-x-tu-Sd-nu liikun AfO8 25 v 13 (treaty of ASfur-nirari V); 9 adbeissiu ina libbi GI§.PAN mahhuyu 2 inalibbiSunu BE nine men with him (theofficer) were struck down by a bow, twoof them died ABL 424 r. 6; mannu 5aina muhhini illakni ina GI§.PAN nikarraruanyone who moves against us, we willrepulse(?) with the bow ABL 727 r. 11, seePostgate Taxation 293:24 (both NA); the rulersof GN and GN2 u ~gbeunu ana muhhiahdmeS ina GI§.PAN GAR.ME kibsu a ar=ddni a larri ... ki i muru ina muhhi nahalana uubti ... ittaSab and their troops,all armed(?) with bows, when they dis-covered the tracks of the king's men, laidan ambush along the wadi ABL 520:16 (NB).

3' referring to Elamite noblemen: GI§.PAN tuklat (var. simat) idiu AfO 8 182 ii10; GI§.PAN.ME§ a RN §ar Elamti inalibbiina ultarrihu ana mithus ummdndtejathe bows with which RN, king of Elam,made boast that he would give battle tomy armies ibid. 196 ii 28, also Streck Asb.174 K.1703 iv 1; PN, overwhelmed by theterror-inspiring sheen of my kingship GI§.PAN-SU ibirma broke his bow (and sub-mitted to me) AfO 8 184 iv 4 (Asb.); qdteSuukarrit Sa GI .PAN ibatu I cut off itshands (those of the statue of the kingof Elam) that had taken up the bowStreck Asb. 214 iii 12.

e) as a weapon of gods: Itar ...tam at GIS.PAN ina idia Streck Asb. 192:28;Anuntu beet tdhazi na-iS-ta GI .PAN UiSpati Anunitu, goddess of battle, whocarries bow and quiver VAB 4 228 iii 22(Nbn.); Tilpak na-6i GIA.PAN-8U Rm. 294:8(comm., courtesy W. G. Lambert); Nergal beltille u qa-6d-ti kakkziu ligebbir BBSt. No. 8

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qaltu Ifiv 21 (NB); Teup EN GIS.PAN KBo 1 3 r. 2,see BoSt 8 50 r. 19; GI§.PAN-4U-nU pandt6arri lu ta-al-[lat] may they (the gods)go with braced bow before the king ABL1400:13 (NA); jalam Aur ... .GI.PAN kiea nal ina GI.IGIR a rakbu (I made)a relief (showing) A§Aur holding the bowand riding in the chariot (in the battleagainst Tiamat) OIP 2 140:7 (Senn.), cf.(all gods) ina pan GI .PAN-,U ezzeti im:medu amdmi STC 1 205:20 (hymn to Marduk),cf. also imuruma GI§.PAN ki nukkulatbinita (see binutu mng. 1) En. el. VI 84;(Nergal) GI§.PAN-u [i]t-lul STT 28 vi 17,see Gurney, AnSt 10 126 (Nergal and Eregkigal);note in a personal name: URU mGI§.PAN-Adad YOS 7 147:17.

f) in comparisons and as metaphor:Summa paddnu 2-ma eli kima GIS.PANJaplu kima matni if there are two "paths"and the upper (looks) like a bow, thelower like a bowstring CT 20 3 K.3671+:23; 6umma padanu kzma GIS.PAN anaAN.TA iktapap (see kapdpu mng. 2) TCL6 5:17, cf. Summa paddnum [kima] qd-ad-tim YOS 10 11 i 5 (OB); uhmma A.NIGIN kzma GIS.PAN ana imitti/ umeli BRM4 13:6f.; if the cusps of the moon arekzma GIS.PAN ACh Supp. 2 Sin 6:7; notethe taut bow as metaphor for potency:aj i[riq]a [iSJpatu raj irmdl GI.PAN maythe quiver not be empty, may the bownot be slack Biggs Saziga 37 No. 18:3; mindema ... ina GIS.PAN ramiti igabbatumaperhaps they can catch him (Nabfl-bel-§umate) with lax bow (i.e., off guard)ABL 281 r. 9 (NB).

g) other occs. - 1' in adm.: 10 sin=ndtim 10 qa(!)-Sa-tim.HI.A a ekallim .. .likfudunim let ten lances and ten bowsfrom the palace (and other equipment)arrive here ARMT 13 56:5; 2 GIS.PAN(?)(followed by tilpdnu) ARM 7 243:2, cf. GIStijdar Sa GIS.PAN ArOr 17/1 329 (pl. 5)B 130:1 (Manri let.); 1 GI.PAN PN MDP 4 186No. 10:2 (= MDP 22 150); qa-d4-ti-Au-nu inaqdtiunu leqe A XII/99:15 (Susa let., courtesy

qaltu IgJ. Bott6ro); (various horse trappings,etc.) four hundred bronze arrows 13GI§.PAN.MES naphar ribbat tille narkabtiqdt PN 13 bows, total the balance duefrom the trappings for the chariot underthe responsibility of PN PBS 2/2 54:17(MB), cf. GIS.PAN (beside bronze arrowsand daggers) Iraq 11 141 (= 148) No. 11:10,cf. also (followed by addu in inv.) Sumer 9 34ff.No. 24 iii 2, BE 14 163:38 (all MB); 1 GIS.PANana PN LUJ.GIS.GIGIR one bow for PN, thecharioteer (beside arrows) WisemanAlalakh206:1, cf. ibid. 2ff., 17, 17 GIS.PAN 60 GI.HI.Aibid. 203:17, JCS 8 30 No. 429:1, 3,5; u lu tuwaJ:laruna unutufu 1 ikpatu qadu 30 GI.KAK.TAG.GA siparri 1 GIS.PAN Sa KUR Me-t[a][k]i release his equipment, (namely)one quiver with thirty bronze arrows, onebow of the GN type ZA 63 71:16 (Kamid el-Loz); [6] GIS.PAN u 3 GIR URUDU G 3 nam-qaruta EA 333:13; 2 GIB magarrima u GIB.PAN u 2 kuppaJianima BASOR 94 21 No. 2:9(Taanach let., coll. E. I. Gordon); 1 GI .PAN UKU igpatu MRS 12 162:5; LU.MES DIM f 1GIA.PAN ibid. 131:1 ff., cf. (ten arrows per bow)ibid. 133:1 ff.; 1 GIS.PAN uStu bit nakkamti

a GN HSS 13 354:1 and 4, cf. tuppu aBA.ZI Sa GIS.PAN [.. .] a dsib ekalli HSS15 37:1; §a PN 2 rGIS.PAN.MES1 la-ab-ku(text -BU) HSS 15 37:4, and passim, for otherrefs. see labku mng. 1; 10 qa-6a-du dam=qdtu ana qdt PN nadnu HSS 9 55:5, cf. (Iadopted fPN and) anajdSi 1 GIS.PAN ktmuqitija ittadna she gave me one bow as thepresent due me AASOR 16 15:12; 1 GI§.PAN emuqa PN ilqe PN took away onebow by force (listed among other be-longings, such as a bed, a sheep, etc.)ibid. 8:57; [x] GIS.PAN.MES itti PN halqat(followed by quivers with arrows) HSS 13195:1, cf. (beside ilpatu, q.v.) JEN 527:27, andpassim in Nuzi; GIS.PAN GUN URUDU.MESana Ninurta dlib Kalha uSelld ADD 310r. 5 (coll. S. Parpola); GIS tupninna a GIS.PAN.M[ES pitia] 1 GIS.PA Sgei[anima] 6Sebilani open (pl.) the chest with the bows,take out one . ... , (and) send it to meKAV 98:46 (MA); 1 GIS.PAN (in broken

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qatu 2acontext) ADD 1040 r. 1, 2 GI§.PAN.ME§6uqdi two bows of almond wood ADD978 ii 7, cf. ADD 693 r. 2, ADD 815+986 r. ii 4and 6; 3 GI§.PAN.ME§ k2 12 KOt.BABBAR(part of a royal grant) BBSt. No. 9 iii 19(NB); five and one half shekels of silverSi'm 5 GI§.PAN.ME§ (received by a bow-maker) GCCI 1 371:1, cf. (give the silver)ana GI§.PAN.ME YOS 3 170:11; twelve andone half shekels ana 6 GIA.PAN.ME§ UCP9 84 No. 9:4, cf. (beside 6ir'am) Nbn. 661:9;mmnamma GIA.PAN.ME§ ana belija uebilabelu ul wuebila BIN 1 3:19; 1-et GI§.PAN1-et GI§.GfR 4 AN.BAR azzami one bow,one dagger, four iron lances Nbk. 332:2,for other NB refs. see azmaru usage a-2';URU.PAN BE 14 110:2 (MB), for NB refs.see dlu mng. lc-2'.

2' in lit.: 6umma GI§.PAN nagzma GIB.PAN-8U ilebir Dream-book 329 r. ii 16, cf.CT 38 21:9; ilten etlu zumurlu kima ittealim .. . ina umeliu GI§.PAN nami ina

imni'u namgaru f$abit1 (in my dream Isaw) one man, his body was black likepitch, holding in his left hand a bow,in his right a sword ZA 43 17:50 (SB lit.),cf. ina imittiu hutpali nai ina 6umeliuGI.PAN U qane nali MIO 1 80 v 58 (descrip-tion of representations of demons); figurines ofthe Seven gods GIA.PAN.ME§ ipdati inaidi4unu fal-lal bows and quivers arehanging at their sides KAR 298:24, see Gur-ney, AAA 22 66; mamt GI§.PAN GIE.GIGIRGfR.AN.BAR U GI§.IGI.DU tam urpu VIII77, cf. mamit GI§.PAN U GI§.GIGIR ibid.III 27; obscure: GI9.PAN GI§.PAN ul-ta-ma-la 2R 47 r. v 59 (comm.); in transferredmng.: ultu LI.DUR GI§.PAN §a bdb bitDN adi kidd nari (see abunnatu mng. 2c)Unger Babylon 237:6, see Iraq 36 46:100.

2. archer- a) in OB: Saddagdim RA.GAB.ME§ Lj.PAN ana eqldtim ubutimatrudakkum last year I sent you therakb's of the archers to have them takepossession of fields TCL 7 11:3, cf. (alsoreceiving fields) aIR.Si.GA.ME§ Sa PAN

qatu 2bibid. 32:5 and 13, JCS 29 148 No. 8:17, cf. PNRA.GABA Lf.GI§.PAN TCL 11238:6.

b) in later texts - 1' sdb qaSti: itti ...1000 pithallija 6itmurti fdb GIS.PANkabdbi azmari (I set out) with a thousandimpetuous cavalrymen, with bowmen,shield bearers, and lancers TCL 3 320 (Sar.),cf. Lie Sar. p. 72:11, and passim in Sar.; LTO.ERIN.MEA GIS.PAN n#ii tukSi u azmare.. .. kisir larrutija uma'ir erumlun Isent against them archers, shield andlance bearers, my royal army OIP 2 61iv 69, see Borger Babylonisch-Assyrische Lese-stiicke 2 73f., cf. OIP 2 62 v 6 (Senn.); iduadi L.ERIN.ME GIE.PAN- a ina libbiuetiuma I had him and his archersman it (the fortress 8a-pi-Bel) BorgerEsarh. 53 iii 82, cf. ibid. 110 § 72:13; adu inaERIN.MES GIS.PAN ninampar ABL 617 r. 3(NB); ERIN.ME Sa GIA.PAN dikdni ki unuERIN.ME GIA.PAN la id-di-ku-ni mammaki jdnu umma la idekkd (see dekt mng.3a-1') ABL 1255 r. 3f.; barley ana kurum.mat LU.ERIN.ME§ §d GIS.PAN §a dullu inamuyhi qu-uq ipu5 as food provisions forthe archers who do work on the ....Nbn. 23:9, cf. Camb. 262:2f., Nbn. 753:20,Camb. 82:3, Dar. 4:9, wr. LU.ERfN GIS.PANDar. 6:4, wr. L.ERIN.ME§ a PAN VAS4 77:1; note referring to foreign troops,especially Elamite bowmen: Al a[di]4500 LI Elamaja ERfN.ME§ GI.PAN hewith 4,500 Elamites, bowmen (fled)Winckler Sar. pl. 24 No. 50:409, cf. ibid. pl. 33:82,Bauer Asb. 2 87 edge (, LU.ERfN.ME GI9.PAN.ME§ narkabdti sise Sa ar MeluhhaOIP 2 69:23, also 31 ii 79 (Senn.); note tup-pu ERIN.ME§ Sa GI§.[P]AN.ME (on edgeof Ugar. tablet) Syria 21 136, see M. Heltzer,The Rural Community in Ancient Ugarit 18 n. 2.

2' LU.(GI.)PAN: Urukaja arddni aarri . . . L1.GI.PAN 5 me 6 me ina qdtja

LO k agbatu when I had seized thepeople of Uruk, servants of the king, fiveor six hundred archers (I went with PNto Uruk) ABL 754:10, cf. Bel-ibni ...

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qatu 2bLT.GI§.PAN.M[E . . . it]tilu ultu mdtElamti ki [illik]uni ABL 267 r. 13, cf. [...]GI§.PAN.ME Aa Uruk ibid. obv. 14 (bothNB); 3 LY.PAN ABL 1009:10ff. and 21, but5 GIN.PAN ibid. r. 6ff. (NA); 6 L.GI§.PANina GN ina.pan PN Ltj aknu 5a Lt.PA.ME§ADD (815+)986 r. iii 5; naphar simmdani ax LU.PAN.ME§ (various weapons) thetotal equipment of the x archers TCL 12114:11; le~u §a LU.PAN.ME [] 5a LU.GALLU. SAG ina muhhi 6atratu the list on whichthe archers of the chief §a riei officialare inscribed YOS 6 116:8; napharma 39LO.PAN.ME ina pani PN grand total: 39archers under the supervision of PN YOS7 65:33, and passim in this text; naphar 29LU.GI§.PAN.ME aC LU.SIPA.ME §a qdt rabbilim a enu a total of 29 archers amongthe shepherds under the supervision ofthe overseer of flocks of sheep and goatsTCL 13 140:4, cf. TCL 12 110:2, 112:6; §a adiUD.20.KAM L(.PAN-U ana bit kddu laibbakuma anyone who does not bring oneof his archers to the outpost by thetwentieth day (commits a crime againstthe king) YOS 6 151:15, for other refs.see kddu mng. lb-2'; eight men LU.GAL.10.ME§ 5a 70 LU.PAN.ME§ a re YOS6 151:9; PN 5a muhhi LUJ.PAN.ME§ 5a r? e§a itti 5arri YOS 7 7 iv 142, for parallelssee qatu in rab qa ti; note in Hitt.: LU.ME§ GI§.[PAN] Friedrich Gesetze I § 54:16.

3' GIS.PAN: 350 GI§ arit 240 GI§.PANnaphar 590 §a illikuninni (entire text)ADD 856:2; ina 5allat mdtdte Adtina 5aaoiula 10000 GI§.PAN 10000 aritu inalibbilunu akqurma from the prisonersfrom those lands whom I took, I organizedten thousand bowmen (and) ten thousandshield carriers into units OIP 2 60:59 (Senn.),also 63 v 16, cf. 30500 GI§.PAN.ME 30500artu ina libbiunu ak.urma ibid. 76:103,cf. also ana GI§.PAN akurSunuti StreckAsb. 62 vii 79; ERIN.ME§ 20 ina libbiunumuhuu u andklu GIS.PAN 600 5a rehetuu s~sd 50 ina qdtja ki agbatu ina GNattaliz twenty of the men were wounded,

qatu 3and when I had captured the six hundredarchers who remained, and fifty horses, Itook up quarters in GN ABL 520 r. 10,cf. 4 me GIS.PAN (see manditu mng. lb)ABL 1000 r. 5; GI§.PAN-ka ... dekema ABL291:20, for other refs. see deku v. mng.3a-1', and dekl; GI§.PAN.ME ga LU Pusqudu ittalliku ana muhhi GN itb4 thearchers of the Puqiidu left to marchagainst the town of GN ABL 1028 r. 4; PN... u GIS.PAN 5a Nippur gabbi ittiu inama4arti aAr arru ipqidulu uuzzu PNandthe bowmen of all Nippur with him servewhere the king appointed him ABL 797:17;GIg.PAN a arri ul nuzekki we did notrelease (and dedicate to the god) theking's archers ABL 210 r. 3 (all NB); notereferring to foreign archers: ana dl dan:nutiSu GI§.PAN-Au danniti ummdndteurapdte u mdtA rime ittikilma (see dannutumng. 3b) KAH 2 84:50 (Adn. II); GI§.PANina mat Elamti uptahhir PRT 105 r. 7; [...]babban mddi5 andku GIA.PAN-a-nu madi5[andku] I (Darius) am a fine [charioteer],I am a (fine) archer Borger apud Hinz AFF59 § 8h:26 (DNb).

3. (a constellation or star): GIA.PANittaliq Ai lu mdrti imbima §a GI§.PAN kzam§umea . .. alu Suma MUL.PAN ina ameu dpi (Anu) kissed the bow (and de-clared), "Let it be my daughter," he gavethe bow names as (follows) - its thirdname is Bow star, he made it appear inthe sky En. el. VI 90; rabutum ilz multim... qd-a5-tum ngrum §itaddarum mulhu§=Sum the great gods of the night, the Bowstar, the Yoke star, Orion, the Dragon starZA 43 306:17, parallel qd-al-tum elamdtumzappu itaddaru mu6hulum RA 32 182:17(OB lit.); ina arah A bi arah nanmurti MUL.PAN Streck Asb. 190:7, cf. ibid. 198 iii 11, 72ix 9; (in summer and winter) 5a qa-a-tu6ukuddu <ina> Aeri hldti u[5tabarrd] ni=pifhun when the Bow star and Siriusshine in the morning and in the eveningrespectively TCL 3 + KAH 2 141:100 (Sar.);MUL.PAN MUL Dilbat ina ITI.NE Bow star

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qagtu 4ais (the name of) Venus in the fifth monthLBAT 1564:3, cf. MUL.PAN MUL Itar NIM.MA.K[I] Sm. 1492 r. 1, inaITI.NE MUL.PANIStar NIM.MA.KI Sm. 1150:1; MUL.MULMUL.PAN MUL.KAK.SI.SA $albatdnuNarudu lipturu may the Pleiades, theBow star, Sirius, Mars, Narudu giverelease Aurpu II 182; you sacrifice a kid[ana IG]I MUL.PAN (against HUL GI§.PAN)Or. NS 39 116:4 and dupl. LKA 113:6 (namburbi).

4. bow fief, i.e., land granted by theking to which originally was attached theobligation to outfit an archer - a) in NA:A.A GIA.PAN-§U §E.IN.[NU.ME§] §E.PAD.ME zaku his bow field is exempt from(taxes on) straw and barley ABL 201:6,see Postgate Taxation 263.

b) in NB - 1' in gen.: SE.NUMUNE.GOI.PAN ... zittU §a 1-et GI§.PAN Saina GN 1-en GI§.PAN §a akkulldtu Sa GN21-et GI§.PAN a ina GN3 land belongingto the bow fief, the share of one bow whichis in GN, one bow of the akkulldtu-typeland from GN 2, one bow which is in GN 3Camb. 85:6f.; the rent for the fields SaGI§.PAN SaPN u bel [qaSdtiu] (for parallelssee qatu in bit qati A) BE 9 8:2, andpassim in the Muralu texts, cf. TuM 2-3 186:3and 191:3; note five individuals' GI§.PANadded up as naphar 5 E.GI§.PAN BE 982:3ff., with four further E.GI§.PAN andmi[il GI§.PAN added up as nine and onehalf GI§.PAN ibid. 10; silver, (representing)the complete ilku duties received by PN§a ina muhhi GI§.PAN eSetu BE 10 115:13,for other occs. see ilku A mng. 3g, andCardascia MuragS 8 n. 7; note, wr. PAN aPN TuM 2-3 242:1, 4, and 6, cf. PN a mi4ilPAN ibid. x+3 (all Achaem.); sale ofprebendalincome gabbi fa ikka idu ana 1-et-tumqa-al-tum Sa 6iJu mat i a itti UrukajaEN.ME§ qa-Sd-a-td a abul Adad . . . umimma gabbi Sa ana isqi 6udtu ikkaSliduSa itti ahhi~unu u bele zittiunu gabbi allthat is attached to the five sixths of oneq. which (they hold?) with the men fromUruk, the co-owners of their q., from the

qaltu 4bAdad Gate (district), and whateverpertains to this prebend which (they hold)with their colleagues and with their co-parceners TCL 13 242:6, cf. (in similar con-text) ana 1-et qa-dS-tum ina UD.13.KAM

a arhussu BRM 2 29:5, also ibid. 22 (bothSel.).

2' referring to payments and servicesdue from such land or its occupants:telt ana muhhi GI .PAN-Si-nu uFSeli' udab-larriSunu uzzizzuma they brought the

tax (levied) on their bow and put up theroyal soldier (tax) (that was required of)them Camb. 13:6 (earliest occ.), cf. (silver)kumu kutallutu a MU.16.KAM . . . anamuhhi GI§.PAN a PN (see kutallutu) Dar.430:4; kaspu . . . qme... idz u viditu Sa2 Li.ERIN.LUGAL a MU.4.KAM Sa inamuhhi GI§.PAN.ME§ Adtina silver, flour,the wages and provisions for two royalsoldiers (levied) for year 4 on those bowfiefs TuM 2-3 183:12, cf. ibid. 2; kaspu.. .utfatu u qeme... .ikaru ret . . . immeruilki gamrutu db-6arri qeme Sa 6arri bdra umimma naddndtu a bit Sarri ... . a inamuhhi zeri zaqpu u pi ulpu GI§.PAN §aPN u Lt.EN.ME GI§.PAN-i silver, barleyand flour, first-quality beer, sheep, thecomplete ilku obligation, the royal soldier(tax), the bdru tax, and any (other) presta-tions to the royal estate (levied) on theland, whether date orchard or grain field,the bow fief of PN and his co-feudatoriesTuM 2-3 184:5, cf. ibid. 180:2, 187:3, 188:3 and9, 189:3, and passim in the Muradt texts besideor replacing bit qati, see ilku A mng. 3g;zeru zaqpi u pz ulpu a GI§.PAN.ME§ USuzsza'e[ti] u pa'e gti u riihti eqleti §a bit mal=kandtija u bit rittija the field, date orchardor grain field, from the bow (fiefs),whether released from feudal obligationor not, and the rest of the fields that Ihave pledged or that belong to my rittuholding BE 9 60:5; (receipt for) urdSuSa ladddu a kdri a zebelu Sa upidtu . . .u pa-na-<at> GI§.PAN MU.32.KAM theurdlu payment for towing (?) in (?) the har-

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qa tu

bor and for the delivery of the upidtutax and the preferential share (?) of the q.for the 32nd year (of Darius) VAS 6 160:7,also TuM 2-3 220:2, cf. u mimma pandt PANgabbi ibid. 221:9, cf. 18-ta GI§.PAN uSuz=gajztu [...] hadri a kerkaja ... a qdtPN 2 rab k[dri] PN2 ana Saddda Sa 2-ta GIA.[MA(?) . . .] VAS 6 302:1; two and onehalf minas (of silver) a GIS.PAN a PN(among various large items of silver) ibid.194:7; eight shekels of silver PN ina GIB.PAN Sa PN2 ana muhhi PN 3 ittadin Dar.199:3; kaspu Sa dzsi a GI§.PAN (paid inadvance for three years) (see dik.u s.mng. 1) VAS 4 96:1 (Dar.), cf. kaspi aPAN ibid. 11; miSil GIA.PAN [.. .] Sa er=reSe u nukaribbe a ina muhhi PN PN2 anax x Garri ana LU. X. PAN a Ebabbar inandinput SUR su-ur x a GI§.PAN mala zitti1 GI.PAN-r i1 ... PN2 naSi PN2 (thetenant) will deliver to the .... of theking, to the chief(?) of the archers ofEbabbar, half of the archers(' service?)of the farmers and gardeners that is leviedon PN (the lessor), PN2 guarantees thepayment of.... of the archers(' service?)in proportion to his(?) share of one bowfief BRM 1 101:24ff. (Dar.), cf. x (barley?)re'e erreSe u nukaribbe a GI§.PAN Nbk.220:2.

A possible reading of LU.PAN as a qaStiis suggested by OB Lu A 453, in lex. sec-tion; the writing LO.PAN-U YOS 6 151:15,on the other hand, points to a readingqaSat-su. For Nuzi refs. see qaStu in SaqaSti.

Ad mng. 2: Manitius, ZA 24 127ff.; KimmelFamilie 50 ff.

qaltu in bl qati (bel *qalti) s.; holderof a bow fief; NB; pl. bel(e) qaddtu; wr.EN (GI§.)PAN; cf. qaStu.

We will rent you zeru zaqpu u pz ulpu... [a i] GI9.PAN-in-ni u a EN GI§.PAN.ME"-in-ni the field, date orchard orgrain field, which is our bow fief and(that of) the co-holders of our bow fief

qaltu

BE 10 53:6, cf. ibid. 11, also .GIS.PAN aPN PN2 .. .. ana mala zittiiunu a itti LU.EN.ME§ PAN-SA-nu the bow fief of PN,PN2 (and others) according to their sharewhich (they hold) in common with theirfeudal partners BE 910:4, also LU.EN PAN-ti-di-nu ahi mala zitti4unu UET 4 41:9,cf. ibid. 106:6, LU.EN.ME PAN-ku-nU ibid.194:13, and passim, see zittu mng. 2e-1'b';note a itti Urukaja EN.ME§ qa-Sd-a-tdTCL 13 242:7; (obligation to deliver theroyal tax) [ina muhhi] zeri zaqpu u piulpu ].GI9.PAN §aPN [uPN2] uLU.EN.ME

GI§.PAN.ME§-g2i-nu PBS 2/1 29:4, and passimin the Murasu texts, see Cardascia Murasu p. 29and n. 5, also TuM 2-3 124:3, 183:3 and 12,184:5f., etc., 188:4, 189:3f., etc., BRM 1 83:3,VAS 6 188:11, wr. LU.EN.[ME E].GI9.PAN.ME§-2i BE 10 35:3, note referring to asingle feudal partner: PN LU.EN GI§.PAN-Si TuM 2-3 142:5, BE 9 18:2, (as witnesses)VAS 6 188:23 and 24.

qagtu in bit qagti A (bit *qalti) s.; bowfief, i.e., land granted by the king (lit.bow property) to which originally wasattached the obligation to outfit anarcher; NB, LB; pl. bit qadtu; wr. syll.and E.GI.PAN, I.LU.PAN; of. qaltu.

1 qa-6d-a-tu a Gumatu ... ikimuuznutu the bow fiefs that Gaumata tookaway from them VAB 3 21 § 14:26 (Dar.),see von Voigtlander Bisitun p. 17; rent of§E.NUMUN.ME§ a LU pa'ietu a LU Nipspuru bit rittilu a ina GN elat §E.NUMUN.ME E. GI§.PAN.ME~ a ina libbi u elat§E.NUMUN.ME§ bit ritti a PN the fields(among the properties) of the men ofNippur which are released from feudalobligations, his rittu fief which is in GN,not including the fields which are bowfiefs which are in it and not includingthe fields which are the rittu fiefs of PNTuM 2-3 145:3, cf. bit rittika u bzt malkandtika a ina libbi elat 2.GIE.PAN.ME -kaPBS 2/1 62:5, also (beside bit ritti) BE 9 30:3,86a:3 ff.; the crop from the fields a bit s is

.GI§.PAN.ME§ of the horse fief and the

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qa§tu

bow fiefs TuM 2-3 181:l1; E.NUMUN majaridi(text ki) -ku-u-tu a ina E.GI.PAN Sa PNDar. 307:1; zeru zaqpi E gapan 0.GIS.GI IMMAR I.GIS.PAN nidintu Sarri ma=hiri kaspi a plot of land, planted withtrees, fruit trees, or date palms, (be it) abow fief granted by the king or boughtBE 9 99:1; give us water ana zeri E.LU.PAN-ni ... nildudu and we will channelit into the field which is our bow fiefBE 9 7:8; [E].GI§.PAN (rented) BE 8/1122:2, 128:1, and passim, wr. E.LU. PAN ibid.125:2, BRM 1 83:1, TuM 2-3 146:3, UET 4 41:3and 4, 42:3 and 5, <E(.LU.PAN BE 9 63:2;E.LU.PAN Sa PN u kutalldtu (see kutallumng. 6) UET 4 60:1, see also kinattumng. 2g-2', qatu in bel qati; A.§A .GI .PAN-S ... makanu the field that is hisbow fief is the pledge BE 8/1 151:33, andpassim in Murasu texts, see Augapfel p. 103 s.v.,pl. E.GI§.PAN.ME§ BE 9 28:3, 72:1, PBS 2/162:5, 107:6, TuM 2-3 179:3; note the earliestOcc.: zeru E.GIS.PAN Camb. 85:1, Cf. zeru

§a DN a DN 2 a Sarri u Sa LU.PAN malaina libbi qabtu YOS 7 156:9 (Camb. year 3).

In view of the parallel terms for landgrants in texts of the Achaemenid periodbit sist and bit narkabti, the bit qaitiseems to have been granted with the re-quirement that its tenant outfit andsupply an archer for the Achaemenidarmy. However, texts in which the termoccurs refer less frequently to specificmilitary obligations than to other regularencumbrances, including both paymentsand service; see qaAtu mng. 4b.

Eilers, OLZ 1934 95; Dandamayev, FestschriftEilers 37 ff.; Cardascia, Recueils de la Soci6t6 JeanBodin 1, 2nd ed., 55ff.

qagtu in bit qalti B (bit qalti) s.; bow-case; MB*; wr. ].GI§.PAN; of. qatu.

git.6.pan = B MIN (= qdl-tu), um-mu, igpatuHh. VIIA 49ff.; TaOG. .GI.PAN Practical Vocabu-lary Assur 290; l[ii.gi§.6.pan] = [a bi-i]t(?)qd-al-tim OB Lu A 455.

1 A.GIA.PAN ir-pu PBS 2/2 54:11 (MB).

qaltu

In Hg. A II 162, in MSL 7 150 read [kuA.lu. ib].pan = ni-pi-tum = fxrl-hu-ti(coll. C. B. F.Walker). In MSL 7 127 (= Hh. XI) 101 readku..6.ul.lu.lu = bi-ti ul-lu-lu, see MSL 9 198.

qaltu in rab qati s.; chief of the archers;SB, NB; wr. LU.GAL.GI§.PAN (LU.GAL.PAN VAS 6 155:3); cf. qagtu.

a) in hist. (Asb. only, referring toElamites): I took to Assyria from Elamqpdni hazanndti 5a dldni 6dtunu malaakudu LJU.GAL.GI§.PAN.ME§ Iaknutimukil appdti taglI4dni §a pithalli Sdbi qa4ti(see appatu A in mukci appti) Streck Asb.56 vi 86; PN bel dli GN PN 2 bel dli GN 2 PN3LU. GAL. GIS.PAN PN4 dlikpani ummdndti 5aElamti Zazaz, ruler of Pillate, Pari, rulerof Hilmu, Attametu, the chief of thearchers, Neiu, the general of Elam Piep-korn Asb. 76 vii 17; I captured ImbappiGAL.GI§.PAN (var. qipu a) Bit-Imbi hatdnRN ar Elamti Imbappi, the chief of thearchers (var. the official) ofGN, son-in-lawof Humban-haltag, the king ofElam StreckAsb. 42 v 1 var.; Te'umman LU.GAL.GI.PAN§a GN AfO 8 198:24 (epigraph to Asb. reliefs).

b) in NB: 3 MA.NA kaspu ultu irbi §abdbi ina hindi U al MU.5.KAM ana SadunuLU.GAL.GI§.PAN nadin three minas ofsilver from the offerings at the gate, in amoneybag, for year 5, given to PN, thechief of the archers Nbn. 215:2, cf. xkaspu (<adi ana Sadunu LOJ.GAL.GI§.PANU LUT.ERIN.ME-tc aana kurummdti a [.. .]nadin Nbn. 288:11; x kaspu irbi ana 5saqqta ana adunu Lru.GAL.OGI.P[AN] SaLU.SIPA.[X].ME§ nadin x silver from theofferings, for five sacks, given to PN, thechief of the archers of the shepherds82-7-14,1467:4; LO.GAL.10.ME§ a 70 LU.PAN.ME§ a re'i a DN ... LU.PAN.ME§a 70 ideckkma ... ana PN L.GAL.PAN.ME inandinu the leaders-of-ten ofseventy archers of the shepherds of DNwill muster those seventy archers andturn them over to PN, the chief of thearchers YOS 6 151:14; Sa[dunu] L(T.GAL.GI§.PAN Ebabbar 82-7-14,1373:3, (referring to

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qaltuthe same person) 82-7-14,43:3, 82-7-14,1794:7,Nbn. 228:13; x MA.NA kaspu irbi a babiultu quppu ana A rad-A nunitu Lt. GAL. GI.PAN nadin x minas of silver, offeringsfrom the gate, from the cash box, givento PN, the chief of the archers Nbn. 1058:4,cf. 4 MA.NA Arad-Anunitu LU.GAL.GI .PAN U ERIN.MEA nadin 82-7-14,1630:5;x kaspu ... Sa PN ina muhhi LU.GAL.PAN§a bzt narkabti a PN3 qzpi Ezida x silverof PN's owed by PN2, the chief of thearchers of the chariot fief of PN3, officialof Ezida VAS 6 155:3 (reign of Dar. I), cf.[kas]pu Sa ana dullu LUGAL ... ana muhhibit narkabti Sa qzpi Ezida nadnu (the debtoriginates) as money paid for royalservice incumbent on the chariot fief ofthe official of Ezida ibid. 6-8; X KUT.BABBAR. . .put zitti Sa PN ... PN2 L(J.GAL.GI.PANSa PN ina qdte PN3 ummu a PN mahirPN2, the chief of the archers of PN, receivedfrom fPN3, the mother of PN, x silver, theportion to which PN holds title (for ser-vice(?) in Elam) VAS 4 126:6 (reign of Dar. I).

The passages in texts of Asb. appar-ently refer to high-ranking political andmilitary functionaries. The majority of NBpassages, from the reign of Nbn., refer toa commander of police or guards in thetemple service. The two references fromthe reign of Darius I (VAS 6 155:3 andVAS 4 126:6) apparently designate personsdischarging military service obligationswhich are incumbent on properties in thecategory bit qalti, see qaStu in bit qaStiA and qaStu mng. 4, to which otherindividuals hold title.

qaltu in Aa qati s.; (a class of persons);Nuzi; wr. Lt (ia) GIS.PAN; cf. qa4tu.

LU.ME§ Sa GI§.PAN ana e-se-<ri> iterSuu PN Sa GIS.PAN a4ar PN2 LJT.ME§ Sa GIS.PAN teri u PN ana Sa GIA.PAN iddin uetesir u umma PN2 -ma PN ana Sa GI.PANana PN3 la addin I (?) requested that the"men of the bow" be confined, and PN isa "man of the bow," and the "men of the

qslubow" requested him from PN2, and hehanded PN over to the "(men) of the bow"and confined (him) - PN2 declared: I didnot hand over PN to PN3 to (be) a "(man)of the bow" HSS 9 11:14ff., cf. ibid. 23;(list of tenants from GN) 2 LU.ME§ GIS.PAN Sa PN .. . 3 L<J.ME GIS.PAN Sa PNRA 28 38 No. 6:5 and 7ff.; x barley ana Lt.ME GIS.PAN U ana L1Y.ME§ dlik ,eri HSS15 264:18; 3 LU.MES Sa GI§.PAN a P[N?]HSS 15 22:2, cf. ibid. 13ff.

q& u (qidSu) v.; 1. to deed, make adonation, to make a land grant, to make agift (of silver or goods) with the under-standing of receiving something of equiv-alent value, to make a votive offering,dedicate, to give a present, 2. to bestowhealth, good fortune, etc., to grant wis-dom, power, riches, etc., to grant progeny,3. II to bestow many gifts, 4. II/2 tobe dedicated (passive to mng. 1); fromOAkk. on; I iqi - iqdS (OB, Ass. iqia4),pl. iqilu - qi~, 1/2, I/3 (lex. only), II,II/2; wr. syll. and BA, NfG.BA; cf. qajau,qitu, q u adj.

ba-a BA = qa-a-Iu Ea II 303, also Sb I 219;[BA] = qi-a-hum MSL 9 135:574 (Proto-Aa); ba =qa-u, nig.ba = qiM-tu Nabnitu J 67f.; u.bar.zi, Au.ba, sag.ki.Au = qa-a-u Nabnitu J150-152; fIR1 = qi-a-6um MSL 9 130:333 (Proto-Aa).

in.na.an.ba = i-qi-i Hh. I 6; [ma.an.ba] =ril-qi- a Izi H 160; [in].ba = i-qi-i, [in.ba].eA = i-qi-Su, [in.na.a]n.ba = i-qi-is-su, [in.na.a]n.ba.e = u-qa-a8-su (all followed by therespective forms of zdzu and nafdru) Ai. I i 29,32, 35, 38; i.ba = i-qi-iJ, i.ba.ba = iq-ta-ni-iS,a. ba = iq-ti-il Silbenvokabular A 42 ff., see StudiesLandsberger 23 and 25.

[egi] dInanna.kex(IKD) an e.ra.an.ba.ginx(GIM) ki in.Du.gi.d [a ... ] : [rub]dtu Itarkima Aamu qi-i-ki er$[etu qifatki] 0 princessIitar, just as heaven is given to you as a gift,so is the earth [given to you] BiOr 9 89:3 (Exalta-tion of ITtar); [ki.fr.ra am] as.ki.ag.ga.a(var.omits .a).ni.§e nig.ba.ah ga.an(var. omits.an).na.an.ba : [.iU].tr maStak nardmija anaqif-ti lu-qi-is-si I will give her as a present theKiur, my (Sum. for her) favorite private quartersSTT 151 r. 13f., see JNES 26 203:37; Au.barSi.bi ak.a.ab Si.bi ba.mu.u[n.na.ab] : qi-is-

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qg&usu napilta4u qi-is-su napil[tabu] grant him his life,grant him his life OECT 6 pl. 2 K.4664:12f.;see also q 4tu A lex. section.

qd-a-§u = na-da-nu Malku IV 188; qa-mu-u,qa(var. qi)-a-au, qa-a-du, qi-a-du = id-fral-[pu]LTBA 2 147ff., var. from dupl. ibid. 3 iii 1ff., var.qi-a-ii = id-r[a-ku?] CT 18 24 K.4219 ii 13.

qa-a-ii // [na-da-nul (comm. on qajau, q.v.)Lambert BWL 80 comm. to line 196 (TheodicyComm.).

1. to deed, make a donation, to make aland grant, to make a gift (of silver orgoods) with the understanding of re-ceiving something of equivalent value, tomake a votive offering, dedicate, to give apresent - a) to deed, make a donation: 1SAG.GME .... PN anaPN2 DAM.A.NI i-qi-i-i§ PN gave one slave girl to PN2, his wife(to bear him children) VAS 8 15:4 (OB);andku ina fibija ina GN akkali ul belZ anaPN i-qi-6a-an-ni I stayed in GN of my ownfree will, it was not my lord who gave meto PN A 165 (unpub. Mari let., cited ARMT 14262); manahti igdrim a PN ipulu anaPN2 i-qi-i4 PN deeded the improvementswhich he had invested in the (party) wallto PN2 (i.e., renounced compensation duehim) TCL 1 87:13 (tablet) = 88:10 (case, OB);A.SA ... PN ana PN2 aSatiu i-qi-i4 i-di-i-8i PN transferred a field (and otherproperty) to PN2, his wife, by a deedMDP 22 131:10, cf. [iddin]ma iqi4 MDP 23284:13, MDP 24 376:12, mahar 6 6ibiti i-di-in u i-qi-i[4] MDP 24 375a r. 12, i-di-il-iu i-qi-i4-6i ibid. 382bis:21, i-di-i6-Si-in ui-qi-il-s8 ibid. 378:7 and r. 3, id-di-i4-i ui-qi-iS- i ibid. 379:6, i-di-6i-[i]m i-qi-iS-[8]i-im ibid. 380:8; na-di-i-i qi-i6-6i it isgiven to her by a deed ibid. 379:9 and38, qi-i4-8 na-di-u-u(?) ibid. 376:23, notethe writing NfG.BA U ta-di-in MDP 28 404I 5, 20, dupl. II 5 and 20; [kzma] abu anamari i-qi-Au just as a father deeds to ason MDP 22 79:7; PN aia ugbabuitim terubmaPN2 PN3 i-qi-il-i inanna PN ana PN4 ...PN ta-qi-iS when PN became an ugbabtu,PN2 deeded PN3 to her, now PN has deededPN3 to PN4 MDP 28 400:6 and 13, cf. MDP 23200:34, 36, and 38.

q&Aub) to make a land grant: PN sukkal

Elamtim ... ana PN2 u PN3 ... inunmaitu GN adi GN 2 ... i-qi-is-8s-nu-i-FimlPN, the sukkallu of Elam, granted a privi-lege to PN2 and PN3 and gave them (theland) from GN to GN 2 VAS 7 67:10 (OB Elam).

c) to make a gift (of silver or goods)with the understanding of receiving some-thing of equivalent value: kim isqi atituPN NIG.BA ana PN2 iq-ti-i PN gave (xsilver) as a present to PN2 for the door-keeper's prebend VAS 5 37:17 (NB); fPNsaid to PN2 zera 4a ina qat PN3 malkanuQabtdta NIG.BA qi-4a-an-ni-ma ummi A. A.ME luddakkamma zeru udti panika lidgulPN 2 10 GfN KU.BABBAR NIG.BA ana 'PNi-qi-i4 fPN ummi A.§A.MEA ana PN2 taddin"Concerning my field that you took aspledge from PN3, give me a gift and I willgive you the .... of the fields and thisfield may (then) be at your disposal,"PN2 gave ten shekels of silver to PN as agift (and) she gave the .... of the fieldsto PN2 Cyr. 337:11 and 15, cf. (in similarcontext) 10 GfN KU.BABBAR [NfG].BA...[i] q-ti-iS BE 8/1 35:10, see Petschow Pfand-recht 141 n. 428; 6 GfN KU.BABBAR NfG.BA

. i-qi§ Dar. 287:11.

d) to make a votive offering, dedicate- 1' persons: PN Sa ana DN 6arrumi-qi(text -di) -u PN whom the king de-dicated to DN VAS 13 36:5; PN is thedaughter of PN2 PN2 ... ana DN i-qi-is-siellet PN2 dedicated her to Igtar, she isfree TCL 1 66:3 (tablet), = 67:3 (case), cf.(in similar context, two persons) anaSamal u Aja (<i-qi-si i-qi-6a-a-4i TCL 168:5f.

2' votive objects: [a]na DN ... [an]abaldkfiu [i]-qi-iS (wr. on a vase) Bab. 4248 (pl. 5) 8, cf. CT 32 9 BM 10248:9 (OB); anaMarduk. . . ana bald[t] napSatPN. .. liianpal[ti] ... i-qi-[iJ] (on an ax) RA 1491:12 (MB), also MDP 4 pi. 18 No. 2:5, (on abronze dagger) Iranica Antiqua 2 153 (pl. 14) No.7:4, wr. BA-eS ibid. 160 (pl. 26) No. 16:2

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q& Au

(NA), Thureau-Dangin Til Barsib p. 157:5,MAOG 3/1-2 32:5, wr. BA ibid. 14:4; anabaldtiu u §aldm bztilu i-qi-i§ WVDOG 58p. 129:4, cf. also KAH 2 138:5 (all NA), [anaurruk UD].ME-~i BA-eS Delaporte CatalogueLouvre 2 A 829 r. 2 (eyestone, NB), cf. VAS 1 61:7;ana baldt napidtija ardk imja 6um'ud6andtija ulum zerija mdtija NIG.BA (on analtar) AKA 160:4, cf. (on a mace), wr. BACT 33 50 K.10411:3 (both Asn.), also 1R 35 No.2:12 (Adn. III), wr. a-qil WO 1 264 No. 21:3(Shalm. III); DNlugal.a.ni.ir RNin.na.ba Kurigalzu dedicated (this object) toNinurta, his lord RA 63 67 AO 22497:4, cf.ibid. AO 11206:4, cf. [a]-n[a] D[INGIR] GALDN beliu RN i-qi Weissbach Misc. No. 2:5,see ZA 59 101 (Meliiipak), also AOB 1 140 No.7:8 (Shalm. I), also, wr. BA-e RA 22 87:4(Sar.); [ana] Adad . . . Kurigalzu ana ba=ltdfiu i-qi-il RA 63 67 AO 21306:6, also LimetSceaux Cassites 12.1:6, also, wr. BA KAH 131:5, 33:3 (both gamgi-Adad V), 35:4, 36:3 (Adn.III), VAB 4 202 No. 38a-d, BRM 4 48 (Nbk.);ana Marduk belidu Bel-zpuS ana baldf nap=.Sdti DU-us-ma BA-eA (inscribed on a macehead) ZA 12 257 No. 1:3 (= Jacobsen Copen-hagen 77), cf. No. 2:3; ana DN... UR.GI 7 . . .Dr-ma BA I made (this) dog (of clay)for Gula and presented (it to her) ScheilSippar p. 92:2 (MB), cf. NA.BI UR.GI 7 huradiDfJ-ma ana dME.ME BA-d Kocher BAM 315iii 40.

3' other property: a field (describedin detail) ana urruk im u aldm ziriuu almi atalluki mahar §arriu ana UQur-amassa ... i-qi-i(text -ka) he dedicatedto DN for lasting days, the well-being ofhis offspring, and to live safely in thepresence of his king RA 19 86:12 (= RA 16123, NB); (a future king) ana amat DN ...liplah likkudma atril li-qis-su should fearand respect the command of Nan& andmake even larger grants VAS 1 36 iv 19;(precious objects) ana sama . .. u Aja. . . lu a-qi-i6 CT 32 4 xi 14 and 34 (NB Cruc.Mon. Manittulu), cf. AKA 44 ii 60, 59 iv 6 (Tigl. I),wr. NIG.BA AKA 374 iii 92, cf. a-qi-su-nu-ti

q&au

(in similar context) Iraq 14 34:68 (both Asn.);dlu 6i ana A§ur belija a-qi-su this city(of Calah) I presented to A9Sur, my lordIraq 14 33:40 (Asn.), cf. MAOG 6/1-2 12:12(Broken Obelisk); 25 ildniSunu [. . . an] aildni §a dlija AIur u iStardti §a mdtijaa-qi6(var. -qi-i4) namkii[rlunu] ana Adadbelija aS-ru-uk [.. .] their 25 gods, I gave[their . . .] as a present to the gods ofmy city Assur and to the goddesses of mycountry, their property I presented to mylord Adad AKA 117:6, dupl. AfD 18 360:24(Tigl. I), cf. ildnisunu ki qi(var. qis)-s[u-te] ana ASur . . NIG.BA (var. lu a-qid)KAH 2 83:17 (Adn. II), vars. from AfO 3 158r. 13 (Aggur-dan II); upi ma agurra anaepeS Ezida ... ana baldt napiltija BA-eSI had baked bricks made and dedicated(them) for the building of Ezida for myown good health Streck Asb. 380:7 (Aggur-etel-ilani); I rebuilt the temple of A§Aurana baldtija ulum zerija u Saldm mdtAgMur... a-qi (and) dedicated (it to Ag4ur)for my health, the well-being of my off-spring, and the security of Assyria AOB 1140 No. 6:11 (Shalm. I), cf. ana Samal ...Tukulti-Mer 6ar Hana ... a-n[a x] xmdtilu u nadr baldfiu i-qi-ii Syria 5 279ii 3, cf. Iraq 24 94:36, iq-i-di (in brokencontext) STT 43:64, see AnSt 11 152 (bothShalm. III), cf. also i-qiS KAH 2 79:7 (Samgi-Adad IV), lu a-qi-i§ VAB 4 242:15 (Nbn.);the queen had a pectoral of red gold madeana bald napdti }a RN ... u dJa anabaladfia kunnu pale&a gulmia talkunmaBA-eS and presented (it to Belet Ninua)for the health of Esarhaddon (her son),and for her own health, for the stabilityof her reign, (and) for her well-beingADD 645 r. 8, also ibid. 644:8, see Streck Asb.394; ana pigSat iliu DN i-qiS he pre-sented (the horns filled with oil) as oint-ment for his god Lugalbanda Gilg. VI 174.

e) to give a present - 1' in letters:[.. .] ana PN PN2 ... a-qi-iS-su4 -ni-si-imI gave [...] as a gift to PN (and) PN2MDP 14 114 No. 78:3, cf. i-qi-if ibid. 5 (OAkk.

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let.), [a]-na PN i-qf-ig MDP 14 93 No. 44:3(OAkk. leg.); I gave you fleecy(?) hides,you said ana rubd'im a-qi-dd I will give(them) as presents to the ruler CCT 4lb:8; tusalliamma ... 20 TOJG kutdn a-qi-a-kum (I did not promise it but) youbegged me and so I made you a presentof twenty kutdnu textiles CCT 3 6b: 10;(seize at least one talent of silver) kima§a atta ta-qi-§a-ni libbi haddi make meas happy as if you had given (it) to meas a present HUCA 39 31 L29-573:28, cf.ki-ma §a ta-qi-a (!) -< u> -ni (end of text)Contenau Trente Tablettes Cappadociennes18:25; kasap awilim ana naruqqim mimmala tana i u Summa i-qi-§u-ni mimma latalaqqe do not invest any of the man'ssilver in the business funds, and even ifthey give it as a gift, do not accept it!HUCA 39 24 L29-568:15; 1 GfN PN 1 GfNPN2 ... mimma annim ana amtija i-qi-§uone shekel PN, one shekel PN2 (and otherpersons), all this they presented (?) to myslave girl TCL 20 179:20 (all OA); (this seal)RN iSak GN ana Bilalama DUMU.NI-§Ui-qi4 -ig OIP 43 145 No. 12:8 (OB seal); anaarrim ... qubdtam a kima [lu]buStika

a-qi-i-ma I presented to the king agarment that is as (fine as) your ownattire ARM 10 39:31; Sa PN i-qi-4a-an-ni-a-6i-im whatever PN presented to usTLB 4 2:20; amtum §a PN andk[u] belti i-qi-ia-an-ni I am PN's slave girl, my (former)mistress gave me (to him) as a gift KrausAbB 1 27:19, cf. [x G]UD.HI.A a irihu attata-qi-Ma-am TLB 4 22:21; GIg.MA anntamatta qi-a-Sum ta-qi-6a-am this boat youdid indeed grant me TLB 4 27:30; Summaana ajzmmaki'am ta-aq-ti-i-s8i andakuminam aqab[bi] if you should present it(the field) to anyone else, what could Isay? TCL 18 85:12, cf. lillikamma li-qi-iSTIM 2 110:12 (all OB).

2' in lit.: gikil akalu iqi kuru[nn]uerigti qi-i-6i give food to eat, beer todrink, grant what is asked Lambert BWL102:62; inbika jdli qa-a-Iu q-lam(var.

qalu

§d-am)-ma (see inbu mng. 3b) Gilg. VI 8;he took away the tablet of office (and)ana Ani iq-ftil-Sd presented (it) to AnuEn. el. V 70, cf. [Marduk] ... [l1'i baltf]ii-qi-ki kdi (referring to Tagmetu) EbelingHanderhebung 124:13; kackku la ma-hi-ru i-qiS-[ka] DN Nudimmud presented you(Nergal) with an irresistible weaponBollenriicher Nergal p. 50:12; a kini dbitzibdniti ma'd[a.. .] mimma umu ma'd[i]qi-d-d-ii [.. .] the honest (merchant)who holds the balances (has) much [prof-it?], much of everything is presented tohim [. . .] Lambert BWL 132:111; guh4etumalldma ta-qa-su you heap (offerings)on the reed altars and present (them) tohim (Samag?) KAR 66:17, cf. TTjG.HU§.A. . a-qi-ku-nu-4i I brought you (Ea,gamai, and Marduk) a .... garment asoffering Iraq 18 62:21, cf. AnBi 12 284:52,and passim in rit.; zammeru .. . qdt bel niqigabbat qe-e-su iqabbi the singer takes thehand of the man who gave the offeringand says: Present it (now) BBR No. 60r. 25 (NA); note royal exchange of gifts:[gabba] Sa[lldti]Sunu a ilteqiuni [u ana]RN i-qi-i4-u-nu-ti all the booty they havetaken from them he (the Hittite king) hasgranted to Niqmandu (of Ugarit) MRS 950 RS 17.340:21, of. ibid. 24 (edict of Auppilu-liuma); I made a treaty with RN narkabdtis8zs pare ana rukub belitifu a-qis-su Igranted him chariots, horses, and mulesfor his royal equipage (parallel: addinuii 13) Streck Asb. 14 ii 14.

2. to bestow health, good fortune, etc.,to grant wisdom, power, riches, etc., togrant the use of, to grant progeny - a) tobestow health, good fortune, etc. - 1' indivine epithets: iliellu 6urb qa-i-4u TI.LAmy great, holy god who grants health KAR39 r. 6, dupl. Craig ABRT 1 21:13, see Lambert,JNES 33 280:109; (Marduk) qa-i-[Su ba]-la-ti AfO 19 56:29 and 31, also (Nabs) LKA42:17, and dupl. PBS 1/1 18:15; qa-i-i TI.LABMS 22:5, qa-i-d ba-ld-tu BA 5 664 No. 22:4,qa-i TI.LA Unger Bel-harran-beli-ussur 4, also

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qfAu(Ninurta) AKA 257 i 9 (Asn.); (Sin), wr. NfG.BATI.LA KAR 74 r. 11, cf. (Marduk) nig.banam. ti. la Limet Sceaux Cassites 3.2:4, 3.3:4,4.23:4, (gamag) [n]ig.ba ti.la ibid.4.16:3, (Sin) ibid. 4.25:4, (Ninurta) ibid. 4.17:4,(Adad) ibid. 4.18:4, (Nergal) ibid. 4.24:4; (Igtar)qa-i-Sat TI.LA.ME§ AKA 208 i 7 (Asn.), also(Sarpanitu) LKA 48:3 and dupl. BMS 9 r. 12,(Gula) BMS 4 r. 3, VAB 4 280 vii 31 (Nbn.);(Ninmah) BA-t DIN RAcc. 139:332; (I§-hara) qa-i-Sat zi-ti BMS 7 r. 4, also (Gula)b a nam.ti.la.kex : qa-i-Sat napiltibaldti KAR 73 r. 15f., (Nisaba) qa-i-1d-atZI-tim Lambert BWL 172:17.

2' other refs. to gods as bestowers:DN DN2 u DN3 ftbi libbi fubi eiri ardku lumu labdr pale ana betl arrdni ... li-qi-gi(text qi-li-u) may AgAur, ama, andMarduk grant to the lord of kingshealth of mind and body, length of days,and a long reign ABL 280:5, and passim inletters of Bel-ibni, with the formula shortened ABL285:3, 520:3, 789:3, 790:3, also in greetings ofother letters, e.g., ABL 839:8, cf. Marduk uSarpdnitu imu arkiti 6andte ddrdt tblibbi u tub Ser li-qi-Su-nik-ka ABL 496:7,also (Bel and Nabf) tu-lib-bi u arakuumu ana beenu li-qi-u-' CT 22 10:7 (allNB); (Igtar) umi arkuti ana 6arri belijalu ta-qi4 ABL 378:10 (NA); Be u Nab~§andti §a mA-lu-l[im ana Sarri] belija li-qi-fi may Bel and Nabfi grant to the king,my lord, the (number of) years of Alulu(i.e., to enjoy a prolonged life span) ABL796:5 (NB), cf. (in broken context) li-qi-IdiABL 605:3 (NA); ela DN itartu ajitu i-qi-4dnapiassu besides Sarpanitu, whichgoddess will grant him life? Lambert BWL58:34 (Ludlul IV); anapdtlihija a-qa-ii baldtiI (Bau) grant health to him who honorsme Or. NS 36 122:107 (SB hymn to Gula);DN uur napitz DIN BA-Xd 0 Marduk,protect my life, grant me health OIP 37 61No. 129 (NB seal), also, wr. PAP ZI DIN BAWiseman Cylinder Seals of Western Asia 98:2,PAP SI DIN BA-e Porada Corpus of AncientNear Eastern Seals 747, and passim on NB seals;

qS§uardku umi i-qi-4d-an-ni he granted melong days (of life) BBSt. No. 37 i 2 (Nbn.), cf.SibutiX-KU-§ID littu[ti a]j i-qil-ku-nu mayhe (AAlur) not grant to you old age (and).... of extreme old age Wiseman Treaties416; bald umi arkuti fib libbi qi - lim-magrant me (0 Ninlil) a long-lasting life ofcontentment Streck Asb. 276:17, cf. Aurkanitub libbi [b]altda qi-§d-a-ni PBS 1/2 106 r. 2,see ArOr 17/1 178, cf. KAR 267 r. 24, wr. TI.LABA-a-ni BMS 47:4; (0 river) Suridilu[apsii]ki gajahdti TI qi-i-Si take it (theevil) down to your depths, you are smiling,grant health RA 65 163:34, wr. TI.LA qi-dam Or. NS 34 127 r. 12, Or. NS 36 4 r. 18,also BMS 22:22, Lambert, JNES 33 276:53, [ba-la]-tu qi-i-d LKA 29k r. 20, cf. KAR 267:25f.,dupl. LKA 85 r. 19, and passim in prayers, wr.TI.LA NIG.BA LKA 43 r. 4; napit qi-i-SdSTT 55:19 and dupls., see Ebeling Handerhebung64:21, cf. Schollmeyer No. 12:11, 4R 59 No. 1:29,Farber Iitar und Dumuzi 134:131, ASKT p. 75r. 7, see JCS 21 10:97; note ki a ana i qirianni napiSta a-[qiS-§u] jdli napilti qi-Sdjust as I grant life to this bird, grantlife to me AfO 12 43 r. 23 (SB inc.).

3' referring to the king: HammurapiSu i-qi-§u naplatam ana URU GN whogranted life to the city of GN CH iv 1.

b) to grant wisdom, power, riches, etc.:ina hissat libbija §a Ea ... uznu rapatuNfG.BA-ni by my own intuition (for) whichEa granted me great intelligence Iraq 1441:23 (Asn.), cf. uzun nikiltu Sa Ea ...i-qi-4-Sid VAS 1 37 iii 6, also Iraq 15 123:19(both Merodachbaladan II), also (in brokencontext) [...] NAM.ME§ NIG.BA-8U BiOr28 7 i 13', cf. ibid. 6' and 10 iii 6' (Marduk proph-ecies); afaridita girta qarduta ta-qi-Sa-lu you (gods) have granted him firstrank, glory, and heroism AKA 31 i 24 (Tigl. I),cf. meSrd nemela ta-qa-a-d you bestowriches and profit Craig ABRT 2 21:8; ta-qi-Si-ma kinite 6izuba gamilu you (Ittar)have granted (me the power) to save andspare the loyal ones ZA 5 79:30 (hymn ofAsn. I); GN sa-tu erenim u tiamtam alitam

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i-qi-iS-f\uml-ma (Nergal) granted himthe Amanus, the cedar mountain, and theupper sea AfO L0 74 i 28, cf. gnu kibrdtim. . . i-qi-u-mum BE 13380:7, cited AHw.p. 919b; nire Sat DN eli i-qi-su-Jum thepeople whom Dagan granted him anewAfD 20 74 ii 18 (Naram-Sin); Anu and Enlilkuss2 ag4 hatfu u libirri ... i-qi-u-humgranted him throne, crown, scepter, andstaff CT 36 21 i 7, dupl. RA 11 109:7 (Nbn.);(Itar) re4'it matiki ta-qi-e-e-§u KAR107:20, dupl. KAR 358:7; sugulldt na-a-li.ME ... a DN u DN 2 . . . epee bu'uri i-qi-,d-ni herds of deer (gazelles, etc.) thatAgAur and Ninurta gave me for me tohunt AKA 90 vii 8 (Tigl. I); may Mardukwhen he sees this tomb [an]a mdnahtijali-[q]i-la grant it to me as a place ofrest AOB 1 40 r. 3 (time of A§Aur-uballit I);my numerous troops a ASrur i-qi- athat AgAur granted to me Streck Asb. 82ix 128; tilka a baldfi qi- a-ma grant me(the use of?) your life-giving incantationUgaritica 5 17:36.

c) to grant progeny - 1'[...] far-ra i-qa-a-d ze-ruNo. 22:6.

in gen.:BA 5 664

2' in personal names: Ezida-apla-BA-Id Coll. de Clercq 2 p. 120 B pl. xxviiNo. 2:15 (NB), Ezida-BA- d Nbk. 201:12; dgSaamal-NUMUN-BA-Id ama-Has-Granted-an-Offspring ADD 481:4, and passimin NA, Iftar-MU-BA-d ABL 205:2, seeTallqvist APN 304a; Qi-i-ahum A-Brother-Was-Granted-Me TLB 1 180:15 (OB);I-li-i-qi-a-am Boson Tavolette 371:4 (OAkk.),also YOS 13 5:26 (OB), and passim, seeibid. p. 58f.; Sin-i-qi-a-am YOS 2 40:9(OB); Anu-qi-§d-an-ni VAS 15 38 edge, cf.Speleers Recueil 276:21, Dar. 527:16, 561:4,wr. Marduk-N G.BA-an-ni Dar. 245:10;Marduk-ta-qi-u BE 14 32:7 (MB), I-qi-ga-Marduk ibid. 34:17, PBS 2/2 12:22 (MB),BA-Sd-Marduk Nbn. 1116:16, Cyr. 170:21,note URU BA- 4-DINGIR TuM 2-3 220:2,222:2 (NB); Ta-qi-Ma-dGula BE 14 151:31,and passim in MB, for MA see Saporetti Onomastica

qit pibitti2 149 s.v. qidFu; Nusku-ta-qi-bu-ul-lit PBS2/2 14:3 (MB); dA.KU-BA-TI.LA = Sin-ta-qi-.a-lib-lu Sin-You-Have-Granted-(ason) -May-He-Live 5R 44 iii 53, cf. ADDApp. 5 r. 4; fdGula-qa-'i-Ad-at Nbk. 283:4,Nbn. 508:10, also, wr. Sin-MA.AN.BA JENu297 r. 4, cf. dNanna.ma. (an.) ba citedLimet Anthroponymie 500; I-qi-Su-ni MDP 24381:20, 393:7, 13, 14, 19, 49, 394:11, also BE14 10:28, 128a:22 (MB); BA-ld-a Nbk. 102:2,Dar. 415:12, BA-Sd Nbk. 220:10, Ina-S.KAR.RA-BA-.d CBS 3799, cited Clay PN 88b; I-qi-Sum BE 14 110:15 (MB).

3. II to bestow many gifts: tdmartakabittu uamhirunitima u-qa-ig qi-§d-a-te I offered them (the gods) substantialpresents and gave them numerous giftsBorger Esarh. 5 vii 12, cf. niqe4u uamhirau-qa-i-4d NfG.BA.MES-te WO 4 32 v 5(Shalm. III); DN DN2 u DN3 4-qa-i-u-u5 qi-§d-a-ti En. el. V 80; qi-6d-a-ti ana malkAnunnakk. . . [u]-q-a-a-a-i (see malkuB usage a-3') TuL p. 58 i 19; I gave aparty for the people of Babylon andBorsippa NfG.BA.ME~ -qa-i-su-nu-tiand gave them many gifts WO 4 32 vi 5(Shalm. III); see also qgtu.

4. II/2 to be dedicated (passive tomng. 1): ana DN lippaqidma [...] anaBel liq-da-'-ii may [...] be entrusted toDN, be presented to Bel RAcc. 26 i 25;uncert.: 6 T§TG ter-qum [x x] EZEN.MAHiq-qi(text -di)-5u Riftin 52:13 (OB).

For ARMT 13 38:16, see nakdau. In VAS 10 214iv 2 read an §c3 na-ti gimru (the royal scepter,crown, and throne are granted to Ittar) everythingis suitable for her.

qfAu see gdSu v.

qit pibitti (qaqibitti, qajabitti) s.; stolenproperty (found in the thief's possession);NA, NB; cf. qdtu.

annitu Sa 14 MA.NA 30 ofN KtT.BABBARqa-i-bit-te ina qdteunu iquabtu thesestolen goods, valued at 14 minas ofsilver, were seized in their very hands

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qatilu

Iraq 32 132:4; AN§E.NITA a qa-ga-bi-ti ina qdt PN qa-ga-bi-it-te ilbatuniPN 2 ussallim the donkey, stolen property,which they seized in PN's hands, PN2 paid(the fine on it) VAT 8737:2 and 4, citedDeller, Or. NS 33 93 f., cf. (in similar context)F a qa-i1-[bit-ti] -Su ibatuni Postgate PalaceArchive 92:17, eleven thieves stole (?)seventy sheep UDU.ME[§] q[a-a]t gi-bit-ti-ii qdt PN jabtu the sheep stolen bythem (text: him) were seized in PN's pos-session ibid. 119:20 (all NA).

For qdt ibitti in NB see gibittu mng. 4.

qatilu v.; 1. to kill, slaughter, 2. guq=tulu to cause to slaughter; Mari, Rimah;WSem. lw.; I iqtul - iqattal, III.

1. to kill, slaughter (in hdra qatdluto kill a donkey foal, as a symbolic actaccompanying the making of a treaty):AN§E ha-a-ri i ni-iq-tu-ul [ni]S ilz inabirini i nilkun let us kill donkey foals(and thus) make a mutual sworn agree-ment OBT Tell Rimah 1:11, cf. ARM 4 78 r. 16';itti PN hdram aq-tu-ul u ina nij ildni andkuana PN kcm aqbi I slaughtered a foalwith PN and I declared under oath to PNthus Syria 19 108:19; ana minim tahmutmaitti PN [u DUMU.ME§ Si]m'al hdr ta-aq-tu-ul Melanges Dussaud 991; PN u Sarrdnu9a Zalmaqimm[a] sugdgi u ibui[tum] SaDUMU.ME§ GN ina bit Sin a Harrdn hdriiq-tu-[u-l]u ibid. 986:11, cf. hdrtza DUMU.ME GN la ta-qa-ta-al ibid. 984:25 (all Mari);for other refs. see hdru.

2. Juqtulu to cause to slaughter: [h]dram mdr atdnim [a]ndku i-Ja-aq-ti-ilsalimam birit Hand u Idamaraq aSkunI made (them) slaughter a foal of a don-key mare and arranged (thus) for peacebetween the Haneans and the IdamaraARM 2 37:12.

For TIM 2 79:21f. see qatdpu.

qitam see qdtamma.

qitamma (qdtumma, qdtam) adv.; thesame, similarly, in a like manner; OB,

qitamma

Mari, Bogh., EA, MB Alalakh, SB, Ak-kadogram in Hitt.; qdtumma OBT TellRimah 61:10; wr. syll. and uv-ma; cf.qdtu.

a) qdtamma- 1' in letters, leg., andlit.: warki RN . . . 10 15 arrdni illakuwarki RN2 ... qa-tam-ma ten (to) fifteenkings are allied with Hammurapi - withRim-Sin, the same Syria 19 117:25, also 26f.;andku mdtam ... ubbab ... u atta qa-tam-ma mdtka tubbab I will take a censusof the land, you likewise will take acensus of your land ARM 1 129:28, cf. [. . .]ilhi[tu] u ina GN [q]a-tam-ma ihi[tu]ARM 183:21, cf. ibid. 5:6, ARM 104:8, ARMT 1350o:11, 1-pu 2-u adinu u awzil dajdniqa-tam-ma idinuu ARM 5 39:11; anaSarrim ithema qa-tam-ma zpulma u i tu anaarrim u RN [if]-he-ma qa-tam-ma ipuluma

[ana] belija illikma he approached theking and (the king) gave him the sameanswer, and after he had approached theking and RN, and they gave him the sameanswer, he went to my lord ARM 5 72 r. 14'and 16', cf. u ana fPN qa-tam-ma aqbi OBTTell Rimah 62:10; an[nitam a]pufuniiti uana awil a bazah[dtija] qa-tam-ma dan:ndtim a kun this is how I threatenedthem, and similarly I gave strict orders tothe men in my outposts ARM 2 92:22, cf. ibid.126:17, wr. qa-ta-am-ma ibid. 35:10; ulmillakam u atta qa-tam-ma ARM 4 69:14; aamdti&u qdteina ina eri uddappir u aarddnifu qd-ta-am-ma ina qdti.unu ud=dappir (the Hittite king) released his slavegirls from the grindstone, and likewisefreed his slaves KBo 10 1 r. 12 (Hattugili bil.);kim ana gam i nakirSu ana RN qa-tam-manakirhu just as he is an enemy of theSun (i.e., the Hittite king), so too is he anenemy of RN KBo 1 5 ii 27, also ii 6 and 36,cf. k1cme ami . . . mdssu inaar-u a RNm8su ... qa-tam-ma inaggar ibid. i 52and 57; ki awatum anummidmmi . . . luqa-tam-ma-mi "what situation would thatbe?" He said, "Indeed the same" ibid. i 29;Sa LUGAL GAL qa-tam-ma (at the ends

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of paragraphs of the treaty) KUB 4 76:4,8, 10, also in the dupl. KUB 31 82:8, 12, 13, etc.,corresponding to KI.MIN in the Hitt. version ibid.81:6, also (as Akkadogram in Hitt.)DI-IN-gU-NU QA-TAM-MA their sentence (thatof a free man or an unfree man) is thesame Friedrich Gesetze I § 32:21, 33:22, 9I-IM-gU QA-TAM-MA ibid. II § 63:35, cf. ibid. I§ 73:69, and passim; kzme mdre marijannu§a Alalah u PN qa-tam-ma mdrmdriu anaddria marijanni (see mariannu usage b)Wiseman Alalakh 15:7, cf. kime L1Y.ME§SANGA Sa DN u Sa DN2 6unu qa-tam-maibid. 14 (MB), abini [ina] biri unu mdmitamilkunu u ninum qa-tam-ma ibid. 122:6;(various precious objects) qa-tam-ma kalimimma damqi RA 31 127:11 (EA); ana u9u SAL 1-ma ... Gd-niG ana GAL U TUR§u-ma it is the same for men and forwomen, variant: it is the same for old andyoung STT 89:212.

2' in lex.: ga.na = §u-ma (i.e., gana)Izi V 159; [gu]du 4 .bal.l.ta.e = §u-maLu IV 74, and passim in lex. to indicatethat the item in the right, Akk., sub-column is identical with that of the left,Sum., subcolumn.

b) qdtumma: mimma bitam la tanassahu fPN qa-tum-ma mimma bitam ul inassah(see nasdhu mng. 4c) OBT Tell Rimah 61:10.

c) qdtamma Sa, qdtam a: assurrimaqa-ta-am-ma fa PN PN2 ippeA surely PN2will act just like PN ARM 2 124:27; qa-tam §a abika epu Syria 19 109:30; qd-ta-am a laddaqdim u SaluSdni Se'am lim=dudu let them measure out the barleyjust as (they did) last year and the yearbefore Kraus AbB 1 125:9, cf. qa-ta-am §aSaddaqdim ekallum le'am itabbalma UET 578:18; qa-tam §a umu ARM 1 6:36; qa-tam a inannama OBT Tell Rimah 86:5.

d) qdtam panitamma: S2 qa-tam pa-ni-tam-ma waklit itinnilama ippe he willcarry out the overseeing of your buildersjust as before ARM 2 2:16, cf. [qa-tamp]a-ni-tam-ma lu kal ARM 1 76:19; qa-

qatanutam pa-ni-tam-ma tuppdti gindti ana GN4ubilSindti ARM 1 11:11; a . . . eqldtimukillu [qa-t]am pa-ni-tam-ma eqldtimlikillu ARM 1 6:43, cf. qa-tam pa-ni-tam-ma [1]iquru4uniti ibid. 22:42.

In lex. texts, when there is no transla-tion for the item in the Sum. subcolumn,§u or §u-ma indicates that the item is thesame in Akkadian, as opposed to §u-,etc., i.e., §u with a phonetic complement,which indicates that there exists an Ak-kadianized loanword. §u-ma is probablyto be read qdtamma. Whether §u aloneis to be read qdtam or whether §u and§u-ma are both graphic symbols in-dicating equivalence horizontally, as dittosigns do vertically, is not known. Notealso the use of §u-ma instead of the dittosign in the Akk. version of the bil. texts5R 52 No. 1 i 20, 30, ii 19, etc. + SBH No. III i 36,40, etc., also ASKT p. 120 No. 17 r. 6 and 14,4R 18 No. 2:8 and dupl. Weissbach Misc. pl. 14r. 74, and, instead of repeating (part of)the apodosis, possibly short for §U.BI.DIL.AM, in CT 40 2:28ff.

qitamqiti see qdtaqdti.

qatinu v.; 1. to become thin, narrow,2. quttunu to form into single file; OB,Bogh., SB; I iqtin - iqattin, II; wr. syll.and SIG; cf. qatnu adj. and s., qattanu,*qutantu, qutdnu, qutnu, quttunu.

1. to become thin, narrow: GI.IG lubirujat mddi la i-qd-ti-in u la ikabbir thereed door must be the right size, it shouldbe neither too thin nor too thick TLB 434:29 (OB let.); Aumma martum kima gillimiq-ti-in if the gall bladder is as thin asa needle RA 27 149:6, see Riemschneider, ZA57 128, cf. Summa martum ressa kima DUBle'im iq-ti-in YOS 10 28:4; Summa [rieub]dnim iq-ti-in-ma ana imitti ubdnimiknu if the top of the "finger" is thinand bends down to the right of the "finger"YOS 10 33 iv 11; Summa martum medehtumedhessima ina i[mittim ir-p]i-iS-ma ina

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qatipulumelim iq-ti-in if the gall bladder iscovered with a network and it (the net-work) is wide on the right side but narrowon the left side YOS 10 59:3, also (with reversedirections) ibid. 4 (all OB ext.), cf. iq-tin (inbroken context, parallel: irpid) KAR 438:2and 3 (SB ext.); umma martu qutun4a epiqmaupuqla SIG-in if the thin part of the gallbladder is solid and the solid part is thinCT 30 20:12 (SB ext.); gumma mnru iq-ti-in uighir if the "yoke" is thin and small KUB4 66 ii 10 (ext.); the moon's horns are thesame size [i4t&t la ikb]ir itit la iq-ti-inK.3561+ r. 25, cf. ND 4357 iv 16, cited qarnumng. 3b.

2. quttunu to form into single file:qurdja ... iltenn i -qa-tin-ma inapuqiunu uretiq I formed my soldiersinto single file and (thus) brought themthrough their (the mountains') defileTCL 3 332 (Sar.).

In Maqlu V 163, §adi linerkunili adiili-qat-tin-ku-nu-ti "may the mountainslay you, may the mountain .... you(sorcerers)" is most likely an error orvariant spelling for liqattikunuti, see qativ. mng. 6. It is uncertain whether adiihtam rabdm i5[gahhitu] ul 8a qu-tu-[. . .]

ARM 1 83:24 is to be restored, with von So-den, Or. NS 21 82, as qu-tu-[nim].

qatapu (*qatdpu) v.; 1. to pluck, pick,to trim timber, to cut off, 2. quttuputo pick fruit, to dismantle a raft, to cutoff an excrescence, 3. II/2 to be picked,plucked, cut off, 4. IV to be picked;from OA, OB on; I iqtup (iqtup TCL3+ :225, BIN 1 94:21) - iqattap - qatip,II, II/2 (uqfatapa Kocher BAM 168:51), IV;cf. qatipu, qatpu, qitpu.

KUD = qa-[ta-pu] Izi D iii 16; ku-u KUD = qa-ta-pu A III/5:39; ku-ud KUD = qa-ta-pu Idu II281; ta-ar KUD = [qa]-ta-pu A III/5:146; KUD =qa-ta-pu, p a KUD. ru = MIN §a TTG, pa. KUD. du= MIN a TG Nabnitu J 307 ff.

§[U.B]U = qa-ta-pu, §U.BU.BU = Sd-ma-puErimhu II 215f.; zi.zi = MIN (= qa-ta-pu) $aGI§.HARHUR, tu.su.ub, §u.§ab, tu.bu.i = MIN

qatapu6a GIS.NU.TR.MA, Au. gur.ra = MIN a GI§.GESTIN,Au.zil = MIN a UKfrg, u.la, KUD.mah = MIN8a GI§.MA Nabnitu J 310ff.

kud.dub.ba = qu-ut-tu-pu Izi D iii 34; Au.KUD.KUD.ru = qu-ut-tu-pu, kL.ddb.ba, ki.dub.ba = MIN (for kuddupp2, q.v.) a iR Nabnitu J318ff.

gi. m . d a.&1 .zil.16 = qan tillat e[lippi], MINqu-ut-[x x], ni-iq-[ru] Hh. IX 333ff.

[. . .] gur 5 .gur 5 .ru.uA [...] : [.. .] ri-i'l-8in-ii uq-ta-at-ti-pu [...] OECT 6 pl. 20 K.4958:4f.

(coll. R. Borger).

1. to pluck, pick, to trim timber, to cutoff - a) to pick fruit: my mighty warriorsentered his luxuriant gardens inbiluma'du a minitu la is iq-tu-pu-ma theypicked much fruit, beyond counting TCL3 + KAH 2 141:225; PN expelled me from thefield which the 6ang4 had entrusted tome kardna ki iq-tu-pu ittafi ... minamma§a la Sangz biti kardna agd ta-qat-tap afterhe gathered the grapes he carried (them)off, (I said) Why do you pick these grapeswithout the temple administrator's per-mission? BIN 1 94:21 and 25 (NB let.); inagapnu 2 (BAN) kardnu ana qa-ta-pu withtwelve silas of grapes per vine to pickNbn. 606:6; note in figurative use: qa-ta-pu§a inb7lca endja limura may my (Tag-metu's) eyes behold the gathering of your(Nabfi's) sexual attractiveness (lit. fruit)TIM 9 54 r. 20, cf. left edge 1 (NA lit.).

b) to pick a branch clean, to trimtimber: ina libbi qilti i-qa-tap urna he(Urganabi) is trimming the cedar in theforest Gilg. X ii 29; e'ra arqa TI-[qi.. .t]a-qa-at-ta-ap you take a green ashbranch, you pick it clean (of its leaves)AMT 62,3:13, see Biggs gaziga 51; 6ummatikaru emis [...] rxl [...] §E.KAK rdal-ha-am habburdu ta-qa-ta-ap-ma if the beeris sour you pick out the .... stalks fromit TIM 9 52:13 (OB recipe for making beer).

c) to cut off: ki a qaqqudu a hurdpuanniu q[a-ti-pu-ni ku]rsinnuu ina piQuSaknatun[i k anni qa[qqu]du Ia KI.MIN(= Mati-ilu) lu qa-ti-ip just as the headof this spring lamb is cut off and its

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qatipuknuckle is placed in its mouth, so maythe head of RN be cut off AfO 8 24 i 25and 27 (A66ur-nirari V treaty); note in figura-tive use: a-qd-at-tap e-lu-u-ti I will cutdown the young men HS 1885:10 (MB epic),cited von Soden, ZA 53 231.

d) to pick off bits of wool from thesurface of a textile: a ubdtim panamiltenama limSudu la i-qd-ti-pu-u 6uttSulu mddat let them comb one side onlyof the textile, they must not pick thewool off it, its weave should be close(?)TCL 19 17:13, cf. panam 6aniam i-li-lalimAudu4u 6umma Idrtam i-ta-d-u kzmakutdnim li-iq-t-pu-§u let them comb theother side lightly (?), if it still has loosehairs let them pick it clean like a kutdnuibid. 22 (OA), see Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 104;see also Nabnitu J 307 ff., in lex. section.

2. quttupu to pick fruit, to dismantlea raft, to cut off an excrescence - a) topick fruit: PN went down into PN2'sorchard at night u 6allire uq-[te] -et-ti-ip uGI§.ME§ sabumma ztepun u ag5abassu andpicked the ... .-fruits and denuded (?) thetrees, and I caught him HSS 9 141:10(translit. only), cf. gallire [la] u-qe-et-ti-ipibid. 16, also r. 10 (Nuzi); [. . .]-u ki-i U-qat-

ta-pi (in-fragm. context) LKA 72:16 (culticcomm.).

b) to dismantle a raft: see qan (til:lati?) qut[tupi(?)] Hh. IX, in lex. section.

c) to cut off an excrescence: torelieve a man's constipation u vR -e GAZ.ME§ umedte qut-tu-pi and to break(?)the .... , to cut off the excrescences (yougive him a medicated enema) KocherBAM 168:66, dupl. 108:2; Summa ameluJuburraJu umedti mali bdblu pehi anaumsdti qut-tu-pi if a man's anus is full ofexcrescences and its opening is blocked,in order to cut off the excrescences STT97 iii 19, cf. ana amelu vR-Se GAZ umdtiqut-tu-pi KA.MUD-id muggz in order tobreak(?) the .... , to pick off the ex-crescences, to widen his rectum (you

qitaqati

apply a suppository) ibid. 10 (coll. O. R. Gur-ney), dupl. Kocher BAM 95:12.

3. II/2 to be picked, plucked, cutoff: see OECT 6, in lex. section; SummaUR -e GAZ.ME§ Summa umdtu uq-a-ta-paGIG upta lah 6uburraJu urtappai if the.... have been broken, if the excres-cences have been cut off, the illness willbe relieved, his anus will be widenedKocher BAM 168:51; ina imdti anndti taspallassu umedte uq-ta-t[a-pa] you putthe salve on him on these days, (and)the excrescences will be removed AMT40,5 iii 5; see also (in broken context)OECT 6 pl. 20, in lex. section.

4. IV to be picked: GI§.NU.YR.[MA]li-iq-qd-ti-ip la x nu la iq-qd-ta-ap letthe pomegranates be picked, the ....must not be picked TIM 2 79:21f. (OB let.).

The Sum. compounds kud. dub. ba IziD iii 34, kfi.dib.ba, kfi.dub.ba NabnituJ 319f. appear to be loanwords from Akk.quttupu, lexicalized as compounds in Sum.

Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 106f.

qataqati (qdtamqdti, qdta ana qdti, qdtaana qdtassu) adv.; immediately; Mari,Shemshara, Rimah, Nuzi(?); cf. qdtu.

andku tuppam ina ibulim ul uhhir qa-t[a]m a-na qa-tim-ma fuppam uadbilakkumI was not late sending the letter, I sentthe letter to you immediately LaesseeShemshara Tablets 50 SH 878:31; um uppiteemm qa-tam a-na qa-tim mihir tuppija6ubilam ARM 14 6:30; um fuppi belijaik udam qa-tam a-na qa-t[im] euhdram§dtu a(fardam ARM 3 52:13, cf. ina umilumaqa-tam ana qa-timl awile dmiri... af=fardam OBT Tell Rimah 7:9; qa-tam a-naqa-tim-ma ... aStapram ARM 14 4:13, cf.ARM 2 105:17, ARM 3 28:11, 68:7, 71:20, wr.qa-tam a-na qa-ti-ma ARM 6 32:7; fuppam6Stu eSmima qa-tam a-na qa-tim-ma inaqablt girrimma ana GN atur when I readthat letter I returned immediately to An-dariq from the midst of the campaign

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qataruRA 66 128:20 (Mari), cf. qa-ta a-na qa-ti-im-ma ... argumma ARMT 13 111:10; theplant that your physician used in a poul-tice for me is excellent simmum mimmauOima qa-ta-qa-ti 6ammum ui ihessiluwhen any sore erupts, that plant cures itimmediately ARM 4 65:10, cf. ARM 3 67:7;qa-tam-q[a] -ti ana ger PN adtapram ARMT13 144:36; note the exceptional construc-tion: u qa-tam a-na qa-ta-as-su-um-maPN u andku ana pani4u ana abullat nlqi(PN2 arrived in Mari) PN and I went outimmediately to meet him at the entranceRA 66 119 A 2801:9, cf. qa-tam ana qa-ta-[. . .] ... danndtim apur ibid. 34 (Marilet.); possibly in Nuzi: ka-ti a-na ka-ti[. . .] iddin HSS 9 2:11 (let.).

qataru s.; incense; NA*; cf. qataru v.

[kima] pa riure a rabiti uzzauzu qa-ta-a-ri f5al napteni anni gabbu ina muhhimaksuate §a qa-ta-a-ri a ina put larrigakndni iakkunu (see maksitu mng. 3)MVAG 41/3 64:34 and 36.

qatiru v.; 1. to rise, billow, roll in(said of smoke, fog), 2. to becomegloomy, dejected, despondent, 3. qutturuto cause something to smoke, to make anincense offering, to cense, fumigate, tofume incense, 4. qutturu to make somber,dejected, 5. II/2 to fumigate oneself(reflexive to mng. 3), 6. II/2 to becomedejected, despondent (passive to mng. 4),7. III to cause smoke, fog to rise, incenseto billow; I iqtur - iqattur, II, 11/2, 11/3,III; MB, MA, SB, NA; wr. syll. andSAR; cf. maqtaru, muqattirtu, muqattiru,qatdru s., qatru, qutaru, qutrinu, qutrinuin a qutrini, qutru A, qutturu, quturtu,taqtiru.

i.bf.dug4 .ga, i.bf.m i = qut-tu-ru (precededby qutru) Izi V 17f.; ta-ar KUD = pa-ta-rum, ku-ut-tu-rum, ta-ra-klu, na-qd-rum A III/5: 132 ff. (textcorrupt, KU-ut-tu-rum is possibly to be emended topufturum or to turruku).

gaian.mu sir.sir.ra.ta gig.ga ba.an.di.e : tu-qat-tir-in-ni-ma margil tuieminni my

qataruLady, you have made me dejected, you have turnedme into a sick man 4R 19 No. 3:11f., see OECT6 p. 38.

du DUs = eld a qutrinnu [...] Iani si-li //qa(text KAT)-ta-ri §a nin-da-bi-[e] A VIII/1Comm. 14.

uq-ta-at-tar / i-mar-ra-ao he will have worriesIzbu Comm. 148; [. .. qut]-tu-ri = qa-ta-ru MeissnerSupp. 17 K.13663 r. 3 (med. comm.).

1. to rise, billow, roll in (said of smoke,fog): ammeni ina bztiki i-qat-tur qut-ruwhy is smoke rising from your house?(addressing a witch) Maqlu VI 46; ummakinuna arru anaMarduk ippuhma iq-tur ifthe king lights a brazier before Mardukand it smokes CT 40 44 K.3821:8, also ibid.39:36 (SB Alu); §umma ina MN imbaru iq-turif in MN a dense fog rolls in Thompson Rep.249A: 1, also 250:5, 250A: 1, 251:1 and 5, also STT305 r. 17 (iqqur ipu), Labat Calendrier § 98; forother occs. see imbaru mng. la; obscure:[.. .] UD.ME§ [i]m(?)-ba-ri-im(?) A9i-qa-tur-m[a] KAR 180 r. 4 (comm. to prod-igies); [...] X.ME§ iq-ta-tur BHT pl. 14iv 3 (Nbn. Chron.).

2. to become gloomy, dejected, de-spondent: zime nisz ina kiiri u ni[ssati]iq-tu-ru kima q[ut-ri] the faces of thepeople became gloomy, as if by smoke,by troubles and woes Iraq 29 55 ND 5406ii 7 (Asb.); Igigi i-qat-tu-ru dalhiJ JCS 31 86iii 99; kzma laknama illakam tene&etumminu atta ta-qd-at-tu-ur ana mdddtimmankind will go on as it has beenestablished for them, why are youdespondent over so many things? CT46 44 ii 7 (OB lit.), cf. a-qat-tur (in brokencontext, among laments) Rm. 2,273:13'.

3. qutturu to cause something tosmoke, to make an incense offering, tocense, fumigate, to fume incense - a) tocause to smoke: Summa izi ina kinuniLarri ie abliti -qat-tar if fire in theking's brazier causes dry wood to smokeCT 40 44 K.3821: 1 (SB Alu); [am]mini anaki-rim api ugguli tazarru nablz [in]a qitiSa Sdbulat tu-qa-at-ta-ar qu-ut-ra why doyou (wolf) spread flames to the .... of

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qataruthe .... reed thicket, send up smoke fromthe tinder-dry forest? Lambert BWL 194 r. 16(MA fable); ina imnika qut-ru u-qa-at-ta-<ar> ina lumelika idtu ua[hhaz] I (I tar)make smoke rise up at your right side,I kindle fire at your left 4R 61 iv 70 (NAoracles for Esarh.).

b) to make an incense offering (withqutrinnu): nddin [su]rqinni ana [...]mu-qat-te-ru qut-rin-ni (Nabfi) who pro-vides [. . .] with grain offerings, who pro-vides incense offerings STT 71:5, see JNES33 340, cf. 3-7i 4umka dASAR.RI 4itnunumu-qa-tir qut-r[i-ni] your third name isDN, the fighter(?) who provides incenseofferings LKA 16:11 (both hymns to Nabf);u-qat-tar-ku-nu-i erena ella kiera siltaza'a tdba I make incense offerings ofpure cedar, "knots," cuttings, sweet resinto you (gama§ and Adad) BBR No. 75-78r. 56, cf. ibid. 77, also -qat-tar abd erenaibid. 58.

c) to cense, fumigate, to fume incense:[KI(?)].NE.ME U §a qu-ut-tu-ri-im inapaniu ula4[Sdma] (the exorcist) has thebraziers (?) and the material (needed) tofumigate carried ahead of him LKA 108:5(namburbi); alpa Sd§u tapallaqma GIg.x.ERIN SAR you slaughter that ox, cense(it) with cedar [. .. ] RAcc. 14 ii 16 (kalerit.), cf. kibritu tu-qat-tar-ui you fumigatehim with sulphur Surpu p. 53:5; NA4 fTu GIA ana margi tapaa tu§akkalu tu-qat-tar-ui (these are the pertinent) min-erals, plants, and aromatics, as for thepatient, you rub (him), dose him, andfumigate him (with them, respectively)LBAT 1593:18, cf. tuaakkal4u talaqq utapalSassu u ina NE SAR-l-ma iballutTCL 6 34 i 8; (several plants) ina NE aidgitu-qat-tar AMT 62,1 i 6, 101,3 i 13, for otherrefs. see aldgu usage b-2'; mutdfi inaNE tu-qa-tar Kocher BAM 66:19; ina NEe'ri SAR-rlU1 CT 23 8:43; annunitu inaqutrinni tu-qat-tar-[Su] Kiichler Beitr. pi. 19iv 31 (coll.), of. ibid. 18 iii 17; (with various

qataruingredients) adi ulladu ina NE SAR-Siyou fumigate her in .... until she givesbirth KAR 223:15; atd'ia nikipta ina NEtu-qat-tar-6i you fumigate him withata'ilu (and) nikiptu aromatics in ....CT 23 40:25, AMT 20,1:13 (= Kocher BAM 471),94,2 i 13, 80,6:8 (= Kocher BAM 469:25) and 10,wr. SAR-SZi ibid. 4, 6, Kocher BAM 183:15,216:14, 494 ii 36 (= AMT 64,1:28), and passim,Oefele Keilschriftmedicin pl. 2 Rm. 265:18; (youmix various ingredients) ina NE tu-qat-tar-4u AMT 98,1:7 (= Kocher BAM 471 iv),also ibid. 9, and passim, wr. SAR-[U4 ibid. 5,101,3 i 19, Labat, RSO 32 117 v 11; Sdrat UR.GU.LA Sarat enzi ina NE SAR-Ai youfumigate him with hair from a lion andhair from a goat in .... Kocher BAM 248iv 41, cf. ibid. 94:6, 104:62, Sdrat UR.GU.LASdrat enzi ina NE IGI.ME9-iii SAR KocherBAM 183:11; (with) unsifted flour, onionskin ina NE SAR-Si 4R 58 i 32 (Lamatu II),cf. (with zfD.SE barley flour) AMT 101,3 i 10 and16, (with sulphur) AMT 33,1:10 (= Kocher BAM503 i), 51,4:6; note ina NE SAR-Szi ina KU§AMT 103 ii 7; ina NE aadgi qaqqassu tu-qat-tar CT 23 26:11; nahzri u tu-qat-tarAMT 64,1:21 (= Kocher BAM 494 ii 29), and seenahzru usage b-2'; (various plants) anaidti tanaddi uzneSu SAR Kocher BAM 3 iv15, cf. (ears) AMT 33,1:29, 35,1:3, 5, 38,2 iv 2,ina NE libbi uzneu SAR AMT 33,1:30, 32,34f., 37, AMT 35,2 ii 5, cf. AMT 37,2 r. 18; §u=

burragu tu-qat-tar AMT 53,9:8; you throwsulphur into fire Sepiu SAR-dr KocherBAM 152 iv 10; [. . .]-te-6i tu-qat-[tar] AMT43,2:1; for other refs. see qutdru usage b;tu-qa-tar-4u-ma zu'tu imaqqussumma ibal=lut you fumigate him, he will sweat andrecover Labat Suse 11 v 19, cf. tu-qa-tar-utukapparluma iballuf ibid. 14; note in II/3(iterative): qutdrf ... lu-qa-at-t[i-ru]kma uq-fa-nat-[ti-ru] ABL 570 r. 4f., seeParpola LAS No. 253; you boil (severalingredients) ep&4u tiq-ta-na-tar andrepeatedly fumigate his feet AMT 70,3 i 2,cf. [his ears] [UD].3.KAM SAR.SAR-maiballut AMT 38,4 i 5, cf. also SAR.SAR-drFarber Itar und Dumuzi 186:62.

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qitatu4. to make somber, dejected (lit.

blacken as with smoke): kiru u nissatuu-qdt-ti-ru zimu[a] depression and mel-ancholy have made my face somber Lam-bert BWL 72:30 (Theodicy); aj ibind5irift[um] lu qu-ut-rtul-ur ma-[.. .] theremust be no merrymaking for them (man-kind), let [their faces?] be despondentLambert-Millard Atra-hasis 72 II i 21; see also4R 19 No. 3, in lex. section.

5. II/2 to fumigate oneself (reflexiveto mng. 3): kibritu ru'titu ina NE uq-ta-at-tar he fumigates himself with sulphurand ru'titu in .. .. BBR No. 11 iii 9; inaurigal[li uMabm]a imilam uq-ta-at-tarCT 37 46 i 15.

6. II/2 to become dejected, despon-dent (passive to mng. 4): matu uq-ta-at-tar the land will be darkened (bydistress) CT 40 39 r. 51, and dupl. ibid. 44K.3821:9, TUR.DI.BI uq-ta-at-tar thatchild will live in dejection Bab. 1 194:5,see Labat Calendrier § 64; 6anitam itahaz uq-ta-at-tar (if) he marries a second (wife),he will be despondent CT 39 46:55 (SBAlu), see also Izbu Comm., in lex. section.

7. III to cause smoke, fog to rise,incense to billow: ina SE.NUMUN u hirrdtiqut-ri-nam 4-a-aq-ti-ir he sent theincense offering billowing up with seedsand hirqu plants JAOS 88 193:24 (MB);isarru Enlil qablat ajdb -a-aq-tar nablaDN whirls in the midst of the enemy andfans the smoky flames Tn.-Epic "ii" 26; tebiiSri [4]uznun kadaa Iu-uq-tur imbari(see kasdqu s.) En. el. V 51.

qitatu s. pl.; 1. guarantee, 2. se-curity, pledge, 3. guarantor; OA, OB,Mari, Elam, MB Alalakh, RS, MA, NA;rarely sing. qtu (Hh. II 95 f., Ai. III ii 46ff.);wr. syll. and SU.DUs.A (OB also §u.DO.A, Elam 9U.DU.A), SUII(.ME§), §U.ME§; cf. qdtu.

rfu.dus.al = qa-a-tum, Su.dug.a.ni = qa-as-su, tu.dus.e.ne.ne = qa-ta-tu-Su-nu, gu.dug.e.

qAtitune.ne §u b a.ab.ti = qa-ta-ti-Su il-qi Hh. II95 ff.;[§u].dug.a = qa-ta-tu, [§u.du].a. = a-na qa-ta-te, [u.dug.a. I9 in].sum = a-na MIN id-din,[9u.du8 .a. A mi.ni.in.su]m = a-na MIN id-din-Au, [Au.dug.a. 6 a]l.[g]ub.ba = a-na MIN u.-zi-iz Ai. III ii 41ff.; [8u.du 8.a].ni = qa-as-su,[Au.dus.a].ni Au bi.in.ti = MIN il-qe, [iu.dug.a].ni Au ba.ab.te.ga = MIN i-laq-qe, Au.dug.a.ni Au bf.in.ti.et = MIN il-qu-u, tu.du8.a.niAu ba. ab.te. g . <ne> = MIN i-laq-qu-u ibid. 46 ff.;Au.dug.a.ne.ne = qa-as-su-nu, u.du 8.a.ne.neAu bf.in.ti.ei = MIN il-qu-d, Au.du 8.a.ne.neAu ba.ab.te.ga.ne = MIN i-laq-qu-u, u.dug.a.ne.ne ib.zi.ge.et = MIN is-su-hu, Au.du8 .a.ne.ne ba.ab.zi.ge.ne = MIN in-na-ds-hu ibid.51ff.; Au.dus.a.ne.ne. i = a-na qa-ta-te--u-nu,Au.dus.a.ne.ne. 8 al.gub.ba = MIN uS-zi-izibid. 56 f.

1. guarantee - a) qdtati leqt to give aguarantee, to guarantee (OB): qd-ta-atPN adi x MA.NA [Ki.BABBAR] le-qe qd-ta-[tu-Su] lu att[ama] act as guarantorfor PN for the one mina of silver, yoube his guarantor CT 6 32b:10 and 12, cf.TCL 1 15:24; a um mdrezPN §a qd-ta-ti-u-[nu] ana kaspim ... te-el-[qu-u] YOS2 27:6; PN qd-ta-at PN2 kikgdt PN3 anax KO.BABBAR ana ITI.I.KAM il-le-e-ma(see kiSdtu mng. Ib) VAS 8 26:14, seeKoschaker Birgschaftsrecht 21 ff.; ana minimaSMum SU.DUg.A PN [e]l-qi-i . . . udabba=buninni why do they bother me justbecause I became PN's guarantor? CT 5275:5; PN ina jm tal<li>kam ina qubatim§ardqim bur PN qd-ta-ti-u il-qe aSum qd-ta-ti-6u il-qui- ittalkam on the day youarrived PN was convicted of stealing a gar-ment, PN2 gave a guarantee for him, sincehe (PN2) had given a guarantee for him,he (PN) left Kraus AbB 1 101:9f.; awi amia ... qd-ta-ti-Su u qd-ta-at kaldipdtilute-el-qzi-u ... Auriamma JCS 23 32 No.2:13f.; PN ana UD.2.KAM qd-ta-ti-Ja ilqeana UD.2.KAM DAM PN2 ... ul ubbalammabi-il-la-at dipdtim u ha-al-q[i(?)] PN ippalPN guaranteed her (compliance) withintwo days, if he does not produce PN2'swife within two days, PNwill pay the ....of wool and fine oil(?) YOS 13 25:13, cf.ibid. 10; qd-ta-ti PN PN2 il-qd-e PN2 PN ulug-zu-az-ma 10 GIN K.BABBAR Kgt 1.

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qitatuLA.E PN2 guaranteed to produce PN, ifPN2 does not produce PN, he will pay tenshekels of silver UET 5 425:1, cf. §U.DtT.APN itti PN2 PN3 §U BA.AN.TI ana UD.4.KAMPN ulzdz ul ulzizma 10 GfN KU.BABBARkiSMtiu PN3 ilaqqal TIM 5 62:1, also, wr.§U.DT BIN 2 81:1; akhum hubtim §a bitPN §U.DUg.A PN2 PN 3 il-qe-e afar pdduue$Su PN3 assumed responsibility forPN2 (who had been arrested) for theburglary of PN's house, he bailed him outof the place where he was confined TLB1 144:5; PN SU.Dtr.A §U BA.AN.TI YOS 83:6, 11:7, 15:6, 19:7, 27:7, 28:8, 33:7, 46:8,49:6; §U.DU 8 .A.NI PN DAM PN2 PN 3 U PN4§U BA.AN.TI.E§ ... ekallam ztanappaluYOS 14 299:1; qa-ta-at PN PN2 §U BA.AN.TIibid. 123:1; qa-ta-a-ti il-qi-u (in brokencontext) MDP 18 242:12; PN2 borrowed xsilver from PN qa-ta-at PN2 PN 3 §U BA.AN.TI ARM 8 50:6; qa-ta-at PN PN2 PN 3 ...PN4 Lj GN hatan unu DUMU PNs [ilqe] PN4,the Hanean, their kinsman, son of PNs,became guarantor for PN, PN2, and PN3ARM 8 68:1; §U.Dt.A PN PN2 ... U.DU.A§U BA.AN.TI PN2 (and six other persons)gave a guarantee that PN (would be avail-able) ARM 8 63:1 and 10, also 64:3, wr.qa-ta-at ibid. 65:2, 69:1, and passim, (with ittiekallim) ibid. 62:1, wr. §U.DUs.A Bagh. Mitt.2 72a 1, 73b 1, §U.Dt.rA1 AJSL 33 220 No.2:1 (coll.); qa-ta-at PN ana x kaspim PN2

il-qe-e ana mazzazdni fPN3 a46at PN anaPN2 nadgt PN2 guaranteed PN's debt of xsilver, 'PN3, PN's wife, was handed over toPN as a mazzazdnu pledge (should thedebtor not pay the silver within twomonths, 'PN3 may be sold) ARM 8 71:1;with itti: PN and PN2 borrowed x silverfrom PN3 PN4 itti PN3 qd-ta-ti-Su-nu ilqemainnabituma PN3 PN4 iqbatma PN4 gave aguarantee on behalf of them (the debtors)to (lit. with) PN, (the creditor), but they(the debtors) fled, so PN3 took hold ofPN4 (and PN4 paid the creditor, in what-ever town PN4 finds the debtors he maytake the silver from whichever one issolvent) YOS 14 158:6; x K1.BABBAR a

qatitua4um PN qd-ta-ti-im itti PN2 ... ilqumaJean gumer et Akkad 194:3; PN itti PN2 §U.DtT.A PN3 §U BA.AN.TI ... PN ipparakkumma 1 MA.NA kaspam §a eliu PN3 i<aqgal PN3 gave a guarantee on behalf ofPN to PN2 (the creditor), should PN be de-linquent PN3 will pay the one mina ofsilver owed by him (PN) TCL 10 134:3, seeLautner Personenmiete p. 11 f., cf. (for doing corveework) TCL 10111:1, 118:1; (concerning) PN'ssilver which PN2 borrowed qd-ta-at PN2itti PN3 PN4 il-qzi- illik PN ,mahar PNs PAMAR.TU rilkunma(?) 1 (and concerningwhich) PN4 became guarantor for PN2 withPN3, PN (the creditor) went and lodged(a complaint) with PN5, the PA MAR.TUofficial YOS 12 444:4; AU.DtT.A [PN] ittiPN2 aSum amtim PN3 U BA.AN.TI PN3guaranteed to (lit. with) PN2 (the creditor)that PN (would purchase?) a slave girl,(if PN does not [bring her?] at the success-ful completion of his trip, PN 3 will payone third of a mina of silver) VAS 1330:1; note the atypical: PN has borrowedx silver from PN2, she will repay it atharvest time, PN2 has taken over(?) (§uBA.AN.TI) (x field) from PN for cultivation,for (a rent of) one third (of the yield)§U.DUg.A.NI PN A.MA ,U BA.AN.TI thefield assumed guarantee for PN PSBA 33pl. 47 No. 29:16; see also leq2 v. mng. 5b.

b) ana qdtdti naddnu to give as guaran-tee - 1' in OB: idpurunimma a-na qd-ta-tim ittadnuninni ummami aSal larrikubburat TLB 4 55:24; PN 8a PN2 u PN3(( a ana qd-ta-tim [i]ddinukuSu VAS 1673:8; [PN] u PN2 ana PN3 ana qd-ta-tim na-ad-nu YOS 13 265:5, cf. ana PN ana qd-ta-a-tim [. . .] TCL 18 92:18.

2' in Nuzi: they sentenced PN to payme 36 sheep u andku ana qa-ta-ti anaPN2 attadindumi and I handed him overto PN2 as guarantee (now PN2 has returnedPN to me, I have taken him back) HSS5 19:8; PN u 'PN2 bel diniJu §a PN3 ana§U.ME-ti idinma u ina muhhi ~ibila ibid.102:9.

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qatituc) other occs.: 1 GJD x U.DU.A.NI

KI PN MDP 28 436:9; uncert.: aMumnepitim §a ina mahrij[a]ma akl . . . PN iuna(?)-din(?) ana qd-ta-ti a-ka-[ni]-imVAS 16 172:16, see Frankena, AbB 6 172; forRS see jabdtu mng. 8 (qdtu d).

2. security, pledge - a) in Mari: ifPN (the borrower) does not repay the bar-ley PN2 ana qa-ta-ti-6u ARM 8 60:14, cf.[an]a qa-ta-ti-im [. .. ] ibid. 53:5.

b) in later texts: (for the loan) Uv.DU 8 .A A.SA-U i-t u GIg.GE§TIN-4U Wise-man Alalakh 49:18; if PN (the debtor) runsaway or dies DAM-u DUMU.ME -U mim:mrnu §U.DU8 .A x ra(?) bi ibid. 48:18, cf.al6um fPN ana PN2 U.DUg.A... [a-n]a qa-ta-ti ana PN2 irrub ibid. 82:3 and 11, wr.arna U.DU8 .A-§u ibid. 84:4, ana U.DU8 .Aibid. 83:6, 85:3, 'PN §U.DU8 .A-tU ibid. 82:8;ina SU.DUg.A (in broken context) ibid.70:15; 6umma ana qd-ta-di in-[...] ibid.4:15 (all MB); SUII.ME§-kU-nu a x §E.BAR... x kaspa dtaha[z] (see ahdzu mng. 6(qdtdte)) VAS 1 96:11 (NA); for MA refs.see leqi mng. 5b.

3. guarantor - a) in OA: andku anakaspim Sa qd-ta-at PN ana PN2 al-ta-ap-tifor the silver for which I have registeredas PN's guarantor with PN2 RA 60 123 MP1:27; x kaspam §a PN qd-ta-[at] PN2 al-ta-pd-at BIN 6 123:7; anger 10 MA.NA KU.BABBAR qd-ta-ti-6u na-al (!) -pu-ta-ku-ni... u-na-ha-ni u kaspam madam uSagma,ranni in addition to the fact that Ihave been recorded as guarantor forthe x silver, he is cheating me and ismaking me spend (too) much moneyVAT 9215:45 (translit. only), see MVAG 35/3No. 325; x Kt.BABBAR ana PN qd-ta-ti-ui na-al-pu-ta-ku BIN 4 114:26; for other

refs. see lapdtu mngs. 2b and 8c; PNSa qd-ta-ti-kd la iltaptuni PN, whomhe did not record as your guarantor VAT13509:12, cited MVAG 35/3 p. 75 note c; forone mina of silver borrowed by PN PN2

qiattu

qd-ta-tum i-qaqqad falmiunu rakis PN2is guarantor, (the silver) is charged towhichever of them is solvent MVAG 33No. 226:43; ana amtim PN u PN2 (PN's son)qd-ta-tum umma aggumi amtim ana PN3mamman ituar PN u PN2 amtam ana PN 3ubbubuim (see ebebu mng. 2c) ICK 119b:10; tuppum . .. [ia] qd-ta-[at] PN uPN2 ICK 2 112:5, cf. BIN 6 73:29; tuppi aqd-ta-ti-a tuppima VAT 13509:9, cited MVAG35/3 p. 75 note c; 3 tuppjapiqissunu 1 tuppi§a 2 MA.NA huradim a PN andku qd-ta-tum entrust them with my three tablets,(on) one of my tablets concerning twominas of gold belonging to PN I am guar-antor Kienast ATHE 64:15, cf. PN [qd] -ta-ti-a CCT 2 49a: 12, PN qd-ta-at CCT 4 29b:10,atta qd-ta-tum TCL 20 110:7; ina tuppim[atta] qd-ta-tum ICK 2 147:10, and passim;

a Aut qd-ta-tit-ni BIN 6 35:10, and passim;adi tuppim ibuiti qd-ta-tim u PN a taspu.ranni BIN 6 73:3; ana 20 mana kaspimPN DUMU PN2 rabi alahhinim §a rabi sik=kitim qd-ta-tum PN, PN2 's son (who hadredeemed the debtors), the chief alahhinuofficial of the rabi sikkatim, is guarantorfor the twenty minas of silver JankowskaKTK 106:8 (= MVAG 33 No. 188); x kaspamga PN ana PN2 habbuluma PN3 ahassu qd-ta-tc-ni x silver which PN owed to PN2(and for which) PN3, his sister, was guaran-tor VAT 9293:4, see MVAG 33 No. 215, cf.JCS 14 1 S.558:4, ICK 2 117:7, qd-td-tumTCL 21 232:6, qd-ta-(<ta>-tum CCT 5 21c:15,note: PN u PN2 agassu qd-ta-tum PN andhis wife PN2 (both native Anatolians) areguarantors Kienast ATHE 75:18, cf. I 697:11,cited Matou, Studies Landsberger 181 n. 44; inax kaspim §a PN ana PN2 habbulu PN3 u PN4qd-ta-tic-ni ina kaspim annim 3 ninu qd-ta-ti-ni PN3 mimma kaspim ula ilqe JCS14 9 S.562:10 and 11; udi andku u qd-ta-t[ ]- nil [in]izzazzuni ana Sa ibbarini lauggar ICK1 103:16.

b) in OB: PN (case adds $U.DU8 .A) XKtR.BABBAR ana PN2 i2qul qdti PN itti PNu PN3nahat PN, the guarantor, has paid x

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silver to PN2 (the creditor), the claims ofPN2 against PN and PN3 (the debtor) arewithdrawn PBS 8/2 207:13; U.Dr.A PN PNisthe guarantor BA 5 427 No. 19:13, cf. PN qd-ta-tu-gu Meissner BAP 57:18 (both harvest laborcontracts), cf. Grant Smith College 255:9; PNhired three slave girls for harvest timefrom naditu women idi4ina 3 §E.GUR . . .PN2 §U.DU8 .A (tablet omits §U.DU8 .A)imaddad PN2, the guarantor(?), willweigh out their wages, three gur (ofbarley) VAS 9 110:13 (case); PN U.DU8 .A PN2(receiving silver) PBS 8/2 251:7; PN §U.DUg.A (first witness to field sale) VAS 13 81r. 7; note in an adm. text: (dates allottedto several persons) §U.TI.A PN maratNIN.DINGIR dLUGAL.G.DUg.A §U.DUg.

A.NE.NE received by PN, daughter of theugbabtu priestess of DN, their guarantorPBS 8/2 204:11.

c) in SB: qa-ta-te la te-p[u-u. . .] uatta qa-t[a-te ... ] Lambert BWL 95:12f.,corr. to Sum. Au.dus.a nam.mu.un.tm . .. za.e Au.dug.a nam.mu.e.akAlster Instructions of uruppak 34:19 f.; uncert.:al-la-ak qa-ta-ta ibissi ul i-t[i-x] KUB 440 i 6 (= Lambert BWL 278).

Szlechter, Revue historique de droit francais et6tranger 34 (1956) 1 n. 1 (with previous lit.);RIDA 3e s6rie 10 (1963) 77ff.

qatatu in amil qitati s.; ward, (bonded)dependent; lex.*; cf. qdtu.

li. DUN.a = a-wi-il qd-ta-tim OB Lu A 280,cf. lii.DUN.a = a-mil(text -RA) qa-a-te (for qa-ta-a-te?) ND 4373 iii 18, in MSL 12 142.

For 1 u. DUN. a see Bauer Lagasch 111 f.

qatatu in bel qitati s.; guarantor (ofa loan); OA, NA; wr. syll. and EN U(II)

ME§, EN Su"; cf. qdtu.a) in OA: PN ana PN2 i -batnidtima [PN)

PN2 a4fa qdtdtim iddin umma PN-ma anabe-el qd-ta-ti-6u-nma awzil urram tutarramPN took hold of us in the matter of (thedebt of) PN2 and PN had PN2 provide aguarantor, PN said to his guarantor: You

qiattu

must return my man(?) to me tomorrow(if you do not return him, you will payme what his father owed to my grand-father) ICK 2 141:6.

b) in NA: ina MN PN illaka ina kutalfPN2 amtiSu izzaz Summa la illika amta inakim amtiu 'PN2 taddan PN3 EN SUII.MES5a fPN2 adi §A MN 6umma SAL la iddin amtaina kum amti PN3 ana 1 Ka-nu-ni iddanin MN PN will come and serve as a replace-ment for 'PN2, his slave girl, if he doesnot come, fPN 2 will provide another slavegirl, PN3 is the guarantor for PN2 untilMN, if he (PN?) does not provide a (slave)girl, PN2 will provide another slave girlon the first of MN ADD 166 r. 2 (coll. S. Par-pola); PN EN §U 11 8a MAN (contract forwork delivery) ADD 80 r. 1, also (with faLUGAL) ADD 94 edge 1, (with a LC) Iraq 25 95(pl. 23) BT 118:18; PN EN §UI.ME§ a PN(debt note for silver) AJSL 42 185 No. 1165r. 1, PN EN SU II .MES a SAL ADD 228 r. 1,cf. PAP 5 ERIN.[ME .. .] EN.UII".[ME§(?). . .] Postgate Palace Archive 76:4; x silvera PN ina pan bel pdhiti a GN EN UI I

§a kaspi ina pan PN2 ina pan PN 3 PostgateNA Leg. Docs. No. 20:7, cf. AJSL 42 233f. No.1186:9, 1187:6, (as witness) ibid. 181 No. 1161:8;EN SUII.ME (in loans) ADD 56:4, 67 edge 1,100 r. 1, 113 edge 2, 119 r. 1, 150:4, Iraq 25 94(pl. 23) BT 115:6, 96 (pl. 24) BT 120:7, (as wit-ness) ADD 5 edge 2, 77 r. 5; PN EN UII.ME§§a URUDU.ME§ Iraq 25 89 (pl. 19) BT 100:9;(contract for delivery of straw) EN §U 1 .ME§ Sa §E.IN.NU.ME§ ADD 151 r. 3, (forbirds) Iraq 15 143 ND 3439:10, see Postgate NALeg. Docs. No. 37; (debt note for barleyowed by PN, PN2, and PN3) PN and PN2(two guarantors of several debtors) EN

UII .MES Sa SE.BAR Tell Halaf No. 105 r. 4,Iraq 16 pl. 8 ND 2334:22, see Postgate NA Leg.Docs. No. 33, wr. [EN] §U.ME Sa SE.BAR[U Sa] IN.NU Tell Halaf 108:13, (for silver)ibid. 116:8; PN PN2 (guarantors of a debtor)EN §UII Sa §E Su-'u ADD 147 r. 2; atypical:x silver Sa PN Sa PN2 Sa 3zmi Sa PN3 ENSUII.ME ana PN3 ittannu illak ana PN4 iddan

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which PN and PN2 gave to PN3 as the feeof PN3, (their) guarantor: he (PN3) willgo and give (it) to PN4 TCL 9 62:4; uncert.:PN [da1 x x1 x PN2 EN U11 9a PN3 i-ha-Qu-u-ni PN, whom PN2, the guarantor for PN 3(the creditor), slapped Iraq 15 pl. 12 ND3443:2, see Postgate NA Leg. Docs. No. 49.

V. A. Jakobson, Palestinskii Sbornik 25 (1966)45-52; Postgate NA Leg. Docs. 45 and 54f.

qatatu in rab qatiti s.; (mng. unkn.);NA, NB; wr. syll. and rab SUII.ME§-ti;cf. qdtu.

LO rab SUII.ME§-ti (in obscure context)ADD 680 r. 6; LTJ.GAL qa-ta-a-ta Cyr. 158:4.

In ABL 755+1393:16, Unger Babylon 285No. 26 iv 13, one may have to emend toL(.GAL) §U. <SLA).DU 8 .A(.ME§), forwhich see rab ~dqi.

qititu in Aa qititi s.; guarantor; OA,OB (Elam and Alalakh); cf. qdtatu.

ld.Au.dus.a = ia qd-ta-tim OB Lu A 279.

a) in OA - 1' in gen.: PN and PN2took hold of me, saying Sa [qd]-ta-timta'uram utarram the guarantor willcertainly make (you) come back TCL 4110:5; let the goods reach me be qiptijabdb harrdnija la qd-ta-tim la erriifma sothat the person making the qptu loangiven to me will not ask me for a guarantorbefore I leave CCT 3 8b:14.

2' ana Sa qdtati itaddunu to require adebtor to supply a guarantor: if theyrefuse to pay the silver sikka unu ka'ilau a-Ja qd-ta-tim adi allakanni itaddina=kunu hold (pl.) them (lit. their hems) andmake them provide a guarantor until Iarrive KTS 38c:12, cf. awilum sikkiukdlu ana Sa qd-ta-tim ittanaddinanni TCL 1928:26; (PNsaid) kEma din kfrim la imu'umasikk ukaUu u ana Sa qd-ta-tim ittanad=dinini ICK 2 141:30, cf. PN a-Sa qd-ta-timiddin (for remainder of text see qatatu inbel qdtatiusage a) ibid. 4, cf. also TCL 4 103:3;assurri sikkufu i la taqbatama u ana Sa

qatinnuqd-ta-tim e la ta-di-na-Su-ma eqlam eittalak heaven forbid that you not gethold of him and make him provide aguarantor, and that he go abroad VAT13473:16, cited Or. NS 29 p. 33f. n. 1, cf. sikkiPN ka'ila u ana <Sa> qd-ta-tim itaddinaSuibid. 10; klma ibhzi-qd-ti-a la ukallu awilamana a qd-ta-tim <itaddunim> palhakusince I have no witnesses at hand, I amafraid to ask the gentleman to provide aguarantor CCT 2 14:12.

b) other occs.: PN ana RN arri anamanzazniti wa4bu PN2 a qa-da-ti PN(the debtor) is staying in king RN's palaceas pledge, PN2 is guarantor Wiseman Alalakh22:10, also (guarantor fPN, (the debtor's?) wife)JCS 8 5 No. 21:8 (OB Alalakh); [A]d qd-td-ti-im telqina (in obscure context) MDP 18239:8 (OB let. from Elam).

qatihu v.(?); (mng. unkn.); EA; foreignword.

belz kimg URU GN ina KUR Ube anaSepeka / qa-ti-hi u kam URU GN2 anagepeka /1 qa-ti-hu li-eS my lord, just asDamascus in Ube is at your feet, gloss:qatihu, so also is Qatna at your feet, gloss:qatihu lei EA 53:64f. (let. from Qatna); arribeli[j]a qa-ti-hu da-an-na [S]a [...] (inobscure context) EA 284:19 (let. of Suwar-data).

qitima conj.; (mng. uncert.); OB; cf.qctu.

mSdehi Sa bitam Mdti imal4ahu maharmamman ul aakkan qd-ti-ma i tu reJimbitam 4dti tupahhiru u tuballituu I willnot "place before anyone" the robberswho are despoiling this house(hold), al-though(?) you have kept together andprovided for this household since thebeginning Kraus, AbB 5 76 r. 6.

qatinnu (qattinu) s.; (a profession);MB, MA, NA; cf. qatinntu.

L< qa-tin Bab. 7 pi. 5 iii 9 (NA list of pro-fessions), see MSL 12 238.

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qatinniutua) in MB: errez ga dliu lu qa-at-ti-ni

lu 5dib dli lu ameluti §a temilu the tenantfarmers of his city, whether they are q.-sor living in the city, or any (other) personsunder his command MDP 2 pl. 21 ii 35;(rations of barley) ana errei qd-at-ti-ni BE 15 37:1, cf. PN imhurma ana qa-ti-ni i-din BE 14 110:9.

b) in MA: LU qa-ti-nu (in brokencontext) KAV 193:10 (MA royal rit.); x barleyana kurummat ERIN.ME ka-i-e qa-ftil-ni AoF 1 60 i 41, cf. ana kurummat qa-ti-ni ibid. 68 iv 5; household of two widowsof a q. (included among itinnu's) VAT18136 ii 1-13, cited Freydank, AoF 4 125.

c) in NA: sarru atd uba'a [ina] bitLU qa-tin-ni [a]td uba'amma why doesthe king search (and) why does he searchin the home of a q.? (referred to as §aeqlu iru uni r. 9) ABL 74:11, see ParpolaLAS No. 38; naphar 8 La qa-tin JohnsDoomsday Book 9 iii 2, PN LU qa-tin-nu(beside ikkdru) ADD 742 r. 37, cf. (in brokencontext) ADD 741:29 and 748:8 (all census texts),L[U] qa-tin-nu (among persons of variousprofessions) Iraq 32 156 No. 24 r. 5, cf. Iraq16 47 ND 2345:2; PN LU qa-tin mar larri(witness, among craftsmen) VAT 10007r. 23; 60 LU qa-tin.MEA (among templepersonnel receiving rations) ADD 757:4;PN LU qa-tin-ni STT 49:17, see Deller, Or.NS 34 469; PN LU qa-tin-nu 'a Nabu Iraq15 146 ND 3436:2 (photo Iraq 17 pl. 25/1); PNLO qa-tin-nu a I.KUR.ME§ VAT 8657:7;PN La qa-ti-en-nu (witness) Postgate PalaceArchive 82:9; LU GAL qa-tin-nu (recipientof rations) ADD 1077 i 21; exceptionallyin a NB let.: L qa-at-tin (in brokencontext) CT 54 32 r. 7; as personalname: Qa-ti-nu VAT 14428:27, 14439 r. 7and passim, see Deller, Or. NS 34 477.

Deller, Or. NS 34 476f.; Freydank, AoF 4 124ff.

qatinnitu s.; status, position of qatinnu;NA; cf. qatinnu.

nap har 41 napdti GN ana La qa-tin-i-teana DN addinguniti in all, 41 persons

qatnufrom Arba'il, I gave them to (the templeof) Zababa to serve as q. KAV 39 r.(!) 12,see Ebeling Stiftungen p. 11.

qitipu s.; (a textile worker); OB lex.*; cf.qatdpu.

lu.tug.pa.KUD.da = qd-ti-pu OB Lu D 10, inMSL 12 204, [lu.tug.pa.K]uD.ru = qd-ti-pu-umOB Lu B i 14, also OB Lu A 12.

For the textile operation involved seeqatdpu mng. 2.

qatnu (fem. qatantu, qatattu) adj.; 1.thin, fine, narrow, 2. younger; fromOAkk. on, Akkadogram in Hitt.; wr. syll.and SIL; cf. qatdnu.

si-ig SI = en-[fu], qa-[at-nu] Sb II 314f.; [. .. ] =qd-at-nu-[um (. .)], x. x.xl = qd-at-nu-um [(...)]Bogh. Lu Fragm. II 2f., in MSL 12 82; SIG =en§u, qat-nu Izbu Comm. 66 f.; for other lexicalequations with Sum. equivalent sIG see mng. 1.

l al.sig.ga = qd-at-nu-ui (preceded by qut=tunu) OB Lu A 86.

1. thin, fine, narrow - a) said of partsof the body: u zu. a.mah = ir-ri kab-ri,uzu. a. sig = MIN qat-ni Hh. XV 103f.;[uzu.gig.kun.tur] = qa-ta-at-tu = ra-pal-tud e-her-tu Hg. B IV i 36, in MSL 9 35;Aa.mah 9a.sig.ga.ginx(GIM) §u mu.un.dib.dib.[x] : Jamahu kima irri qat-ni igappir (the sag . gig disease) twiststhe colon as if it were the small intestineCT 17 25:34f., dupl. KAR 368:6f.; see alsoirru mng. lb-2'; Summa (panufu) SIG.ME§if his face is narrow Kraus Texte 7:4, cf.umma pant SIG ibid. 24:18, CT 28 28:24,

(referring to the brow) umma GOB SIG(opposite kabar) KAR 395 i 7, also ibid. 2 (allphysiogn.); [Summa immeru] ... MURUB 4-'u SIG if the sheep's flank is thin CT

28 14 K.9166:4, and dupl. CT 31 30:4, wr.MURUB 4.ME§- iu qat-nu CT 30 48 K.8044:4(behavior of sacrificial lamb); Summa aplzqd-tan Kraus Texte 22 i 17; Summa oG1 SIG-ma Kraus Texte 9d r. 12 (= AMT 22,1); Summa... muleniqtau tuld sIo-at if its (theinfant's) wet nurse has (too) small a breastLabat TDP 220:36; a kidssu sio-ma u ofD.

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qatnuDA (he has a [...] neck means that) hehas a thin but long neck Kraus Texte 24:4;[a p]du ilkilalln R.ME SIG.MES (thatmeans) that both his legs have thin thighsibid. 22 i 34; idid appi qa-ta-an SAG.DUappi GAL (the sheep) has a narrow baseof the nose (and) a large top of the nose(explaining pan Huwawa) Izbu Comm. 191.

b) said of textiles: [tug ... ] = ka-x-x = su-u-nu qat-nu Hg. D 435, also Hg. C IIr. 12, in MSL 10 140f.; [tug .. .] = [e-dap]-pa-tum = na-ah-lap-tu qa-tan-ti Hg. CII 16,in MSL 10 139; 12 TOO a Akkid alqe iq:qerbim [1] TJG qd-at-na-am PN ilqe Itook twelve "Akkadian" textiles, fromamong them PN took one q. textile CCT 539b:20; 1 ToG qd-at-[nam] (beside kutdni)TCL 19 72:25, cf. ibid. 32; i qerpanim ubdtim

a tue"bilini §aptam 1 MA.NA.TA raddimalu qd-at-nu compared to the textile you(fer.) sent previously, add one mina ofwool extra in each, but let them be thinTCL 1917: 18; umma Qubdti qd-at-nu-tim latakallidi a4ammma ammakam a smimmddu if you (fem.) are unable to (make)q. textiles, I hear that there are manyfor sale there ibid. 29, cf. qubdtam qd-at-na-am a tulebilini (worth thirtyshekels of silver) ibid. 6; 1 TJG raqqatamdamiqtam qd-ta-tdm damanimma buy forme a thin textile of good quality withfine weave CCT 4 48b:18 (all OA); 1 abar=nium 2 qd-at-nu-tum 4 §a qdtim BohlLeiden Coll. 2 p. 41f. LB 1201 r. 3, see VeenhofOld Assyrian Trade 120; sindtim 1 MA.[NA]ulama 2 MA.NA qa-at-na-tim damqtim~ibilam send me one or two minas ofsunu textiles, fine and good quality onesARM 18 38:11; PN TOG ubdssu qa-at-na id=dinamma PN sold me his fine garmentKraus AbB 1 39:26, see also maqu A; 1 TUGnalaptu qd-tan(or -lip)-tum PBS 2/2121:38, also ibid. 30, 42, 127:21, 128 ii 5, 13,135 ii If., Petschow MB Rechtsurkunden 48:4,see qalpu adj.; 1 TjG.HI.A qa-at-nu (ofblue wool) AfO 19 pi. 6:7 and 8, also (ga'upu)ibid. 9 (MA); 2 TOG.ME§ qa-at(text -ab)-

qatnu

nu-tum nasqtu JEN 61:9; 11 TYJG.SIG§A.BA 7 QAT-NU eleven fine(?) textiles,among them seven q. (and one blue, fourwhite ones) (a color is expected) KBo 18181:19; 3 GADA SIG 3 GADA (G<T>.i.A SI[G]EA 31:31 (let. from Egypt), see Edel, Studien zurAltagyptischen Kultur 1 135ff.

c) said of wool, thread, hair, string(of an instrument): s ig. sig = qa-at-na-a-tum Hh. XIX 35; I am sending you 13MA.NA SIG.HI.A qa-at-na-[tim] CT 52 12:7,cf. 13:7, 14:7, Cf. SIG SIG ibid. 28:11, YOS 245:7 and 12; x-x-bu-qi qd-at-na-tim ana lu=bugti awilim 3 MA.NA SIG ana 1 GIN KtJ.BABBAR the thin ... .- s for the gentle-man's clothing, three minas of wool pershekel of silver (parallel qutnu, seequtnu mng. 1) VAS 16 189:4; ummatiranu kima GU.ME§ SIG.ME§ if theintestines are like thin strings BRM 413:21 (SB ext.); tudnu GADA qa-at-nu finelinen thread ADD 953 v 13, see PostgateTaxation 326 iv 12; kima drti qa-tan la idilina gri (the makadu disease) is as thinas a hair (so that) it is not perceptiblein the body Kocher BAM 124 iv 17, cf. qa-ta-an kima §ar-te ul i-'1-ad ina pagriStudies Landsberger 285:4; sa.3 sa.sig =Sd-al-Iu qa-a[t-nu] third, thin string (ofthe harp) Nabnitu XXXII i 3, SA 3-Si SIGCBS 10996 i 15, 18, and 21, see Studies Lands-berger 266f., also (restored) Iraq 30 229 rightcol. 2.

d) fine, said of work: dullu qd-at-nufine work (in broken context) EA 14 ii 31(let. from Egypt), wr. SIG ibid. iii 75f., iv 1,see dullu mng. 3e.

e) narrow, said of scarves, belts, etc.:2 parzigi qa-at-nu-tu YOS 2 16:38 (OB let.),1 parSzgum qa-at-nu-um TCL 10 94:1 (OB);ina TtJG hud4n qat-nu qabliou rakis he isgirt around the waist with a narrow sashUVB 15 40 r. 4 (NB rit.).

f) narrow, said of streets, roads, gates,etc.: sila.tur = s[u-qa-qu-u], sila.sig= qa-[at-nu], su-q[a-qu-u Izi D ii 7ff.;

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[Ku-n]u-uS-kdd-ru : su-q qat-nu LambertBWL 56 line o (Ludlul Comm.), cf., wr. SILASIG-nu Iraq 36 44:63 (Topography of Babylon);(a garden) DA suqim qd-at-ni VAS 1821:3, wr. SILA qd-a[t-ni(m)] (var. sio)TCL 1 136:4 (case), var. from 135:4 (tablet, allOB); a house DA suqu qa-ta-an by thenarrow street VAS 5 32:4, wr. SILA qa-ta-nu Dar. 275:2, SILA qa-at-nu PeiserVertrage 117:7, and passim, SILA qdt-nu VAS15 39:43, VDI 54 (1955/4) 142:7, 151:9, andpassim, also SILA qat-nu Cyr. 128:10, andpassim, DA SILA qat-ni VAS 1 35:13, SILASIG Nbk. 156:3, and passim, suqu sIG-nuCT 49 137:3, BRM 1 34:11 (all NB), see alsomutaqu usage b, aQ mng. 2; a field inahuli qa-at-ni on the narrow road ADD382:6; girra qa-at-na ... ana meteq um=manija ... utib I improved the narrowroad for the march of my army TCL 3 330(Sar.); appalisma kari abz ikuru qa-ta-an,ikinfu dura danna ... abnima I dis-covered that the construction of the quaywall which my father had erected was toonarrow and (therefore) I built a strongwall VAB 4 196 No. 28:4, parallel ibid. 82 i 21(Nbk.); A.GAR AMBAR (?) qa-at-ni RA 66164:9 (MB kudurru); note: A.GAR qd-ta-an-tur (as "Flurname" ?) TIM 2 3:10, cf.(fields) UA qa-ta-tum (parallel: §A ra:pa'tum) TCL 11236:6 f. (OB),cf. ibid. 8f.; DA A.AN.NA qereb KA qa-ta-an (houses) ad-jacent to Eanna within the district of theNarrow Gate RA 16 125 i 13 (NB kudurru),cf. a KA qdt-nu AnOr 9 9 iv 3, also PNL(J.I.DU 8g a KA qct-nu YOS 7 42:8 and 15;,ihi a qdt-nu GAL-i AnOr 9 19:34 (all NB).

g) other occs.: lii.sa = §a le-e-tim,lu.sa.gal = a ra-bi-tim, lu.sa.sig = Saqd-ta-an-tim (fowler) with a fine-meshednet OB Lu A 429ff., also OB Lu C6:10, in MSL12 196; umma rigma qd-tan if he hasa soft voice (opposite icabar) AfO 11 224:82(physiogn.); if the smoke ana ildiu qd-ta-an is thin toward its base UCP 9375:23 (OB smoke omens); SUH[U~-] i DAGALKA-Sd qa-ta-an (explaining kakkullu, q.v.)

qatranuKAR 94:27 (Maqlu Comm.); mihham qa-at-nam tarassan (to clean a garment) youbrew thin mihhu beer (for soaking the gar-ment) UET 6 414:7, see Gadd, Iraq 25 183(OB lit.); eme. ID (var. eme.DIR) edin.na = qa-ta-at-tum Hh. XIV 215, for EME.§ID.EDIN.NA see urdru A mng. Ic; qa-at-nu (in broken context) Lambert LoveLyrics 126:1 and 6; as personal name: Qd-at-nlm MAD 1 163 viii 36, for other refs. seep. 197; Qa-at-nu MDP 23 318:14, KAJ 128:18(MA).

2. younger: mA-a-[ri-du] qa-at-nuPN the younger ABL 796:2, also 255 r. 3,Thompson Rep. 136D r. 6, 220 r. 2, contrastedwith Aaridu mahrU, see Oppenheim, BASOR 9726f.

In TCL 14 36:27 read kd-ta ta-am-a-ti.Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 214ff.

qatnu s.; (a garment); syn. list*; cf.qatdnu.

qa-at-nu = MIN (= qu-bat) ra-bu-u Malku VI 64,cf. qa-at-nu = MIN (= [Qu]-bat) qal-pu An VII 156;qd-dt-nu = MIN MIN (= qu-ba-tu ba-nu-u), MIN la-bi-rum Malku VI 39 f.

Probably a garment worn thin.

qatpu adj.; plucked; OA, SB; cf. qa:tdpu.

a) said of a date cluster: as thesedates are stripped off and thrown intothe fire ana sissinni qa-at-pu la iturru(so that) they cannot return to theplucked cluster (so may the evil bestripped off) gurpu V 75.

b) said of textiles: 1 TJG kutdnam1 TjG 1d qd-at-pd-am ana PN ezib leavefor PN one kutdnu (and) one unplucked (?)textile ICK 2 299:11 (OA).

qatrinu s.; cedar resin, tar; plant list.*fj qat6(var. qat)-ra-a-nu: 6 A.KAL GI§ eri4 -ni

Uruanna II 514.

Meaning based on the equivalence andon etymology (Arabic qa.trdn "resin, tar").

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qatrenuqatrenu see qutrinu.

qatru (*katru, fern. qatirtu, katirtu) adj.;smoky; MB, SB; cf. qataru.

ec qat-ru limmer kiniln may mydimmed (and) smoldering hearth light up(again) (i.e., may my home be inhabitedagain) STC 2 82:87, see Ebeling Handerhebung134; kal imi iJdta la ka-tir-tdm[ta]arrap you keep a smokeless fireburning all day RA 60 30:15 (MB recipefor making colored glass), cf. [i'adta debta laqa-tir-ta talarrap Oppenheim Glass 34 A§ 1:16, also 37 A § 6:63, B § 4:6', and passimin glassmaking texts, wr. qa-tir-ti ibid. 38 C§ 5:17, also iSdta dannata la qa-tir-tataarrap ibid. 34 B § 2:36; in transferredmng. (cf. qataru v. mng. 2): qa-at-rulib-bi [. .] BM 68039:7 (SB prayer, courtesyW. G. Lambert).

qattanu adj.; thin, fine (also used aspl. of qatnu); OB, SB, NA, NB; cf. qatdnu.

.s i g.sig = i-du qd-at-ta-nu-tum thin arms(?)Proto-Izi II Bil. Section A ii 16; giA.zu.sig.gagi immar = MIN (= su-u) qa-at-ta-nu-td finepalm fibers Hh. III 370.

a) in gen.: §umma r5drat1 qaqqadiqa-at-ta-an if he has a thin growth ofhair on his head (opposite kabbar) KrausTexte 3b ii 62, dupl. 2b r. 8.

b) used as pl. of qatnu: Summa qerbikabbarutu qd-at-ta-nu-ti altu if the thickintestines have "swallowed" the thin onesRA 65 71:16, also Summa qerbi qd-at-ta-nu-tu kab<ba>ruti altu ibid. 17, Summa inaqerbi qd-at-ta-nu-ti irru atru ittabli ibid.14, cf. also ibid. 4 and 73:56 (OB ext.); Summaqat-ta-na if (a woman's buttocks) arevery thin (opposite kabbara) Kraus Textelib viii 2, cf. (the lips) ibid. 5, (the arm sockets)ibid. llc vi 9, umma x-x-x-d SIG.ME§(opposite kabbara) ibid. 5, also (a-hi-lu) ibid.11, (qdtdia) ibid. 17; [. . .] qd-at-ta-na a [. . .](in obscure context) Kocher BAM 40:13;[34 kappz kas]pi §U.SI.ME§ danndti [qalslate] qa-at-ta-na-a-te 34 silver bowls with

qat Alarge, light, and thin fingers (as design)TCL 3 p. 78:33, restored from TCL 3 359; 40GI§.ASAL qa-at-ta-nu-tu PN mahir PN hasreceived forty thin (logs of) poplar (as wellas willow and 6umtu wood) BIN 1 165:14(NB).

qattattu (or kat(t)at(t)u) s.;of furniture); MB Alalakh.*

(a piece

10 GI ka-at-ta-ad-du 5 GI § undnu(after one, two, or three tables, beds,chairs) Wiseman Alalakh 421:3, and, wr.GI§ ka-at-ta-tu ibid. 6, 8, and 11.

qattinu see qatinnu.

*qattf (fem. qattitu) adj.; (mng. unkn.);lex.*

[SAL . . .].UL = qdt-ti-tu Lu III ii 7'.

qattunu see quttunu.

qatfl A (fem. qatitu) adj.; 1. finished,completed, final, 2. entire, complete;SB, NB; cf. qat v.

kin = §i-ip-ru, kin.ak.a = MIN ep-Su, kin.til.la = [MIN] qa-tu-u, [MIN] ga-am-ru, kin.nu.til.la = [MIN] la MIN Ai. VII i 18ff.

[na 4 .gi§.zax(§ID).ga.za.gin] = [su-ud-du-ru] = qa-tu-u x [x] Hg. B IV line q, in MSL10 36.

ar-ka-bi-in-ni = MIN (= daltu) la qa-ti-tum MalkuII 172, also CT 18 3 r. ii 22.

1. finished, completed, final - a)buildings: ipir Esagil la qa-ta-a usaklilI brought to completion the unfinishedwork on Esagil Streck Asb. 230:12, cf.bita la qd-ta-a agmur sipiru VAB 4 68:27(Nabopolassar); bitu epSu la qa-tu-u an im-proved plot, unfinished BE 8/1 115:1 (NB).

b) artifacts: gold KI.LA 2 X. GA.ME9la qa-ti-ti in the form of two unfinished.. . .- s 82-7-14,589 r. 2; (precious stonesfor a necklace for Marduk) among them1 ME NA 4.ME§ qa-tu-tum ina pani PNTCL 12 101:15 (both NB); uncert.: 1 BANka-si-ia qa-tu-tum one seah of.... kaszi

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*qatfa B(for making beer) VAS 6 182:4; see alsoMalku, in lex. section.

c) calculations: siman qa-tu-u final(value of the) duration (of the month)Neugebauer ACT 200 ii 27 and 28, r. i 2.

2. entire, complete: akdpitu qa-ti-tiulammassu he will teach him the entirecraft of the leather worker Dar. 457:6,cf. (kdoirutu) Camb. 245:7, (nuhatimmutu) Cyr.248:6, BOR 2 119:7, 12, (purkullutu) Cyr. 325:8,(sabsinnutu) Nbn. 172:7, pjigammutu qa-tu-u(for qatitu) Cyr. 313:6, but iSparutu gabbiCyr. 64:6; (emu qa-tu-u [ana] belija al=tapra CT 54 514:5.

Ad mng. 2: San Nicol6 Lehrvertrag (= SBAW1950/3) 12f.

*qati B (fem. qatitu or kad/titu, gad/ttu)adj.; (a quality of wool); OA.*

rfaptaml GA-Df-tdm(!) mimma taddnamla imua he is not willing to hand over.. . wool CCT 4 45b:37, also ibid. 36, seeVeenhof Old Assyrian Trade 131 and n. 323.

qatfl v.; 1. to come to an end, to beused up, 2. to perish, 3. to becomecompleted, finished, settled, 4. quttdCto finish, to complete, to bring to an end,to go to the end of a period of time, acourse, to settle, to pay in full, 5. quttto use up, to end, 6. quttt to destroy,put an end to, 7. II/2 to be finished,completed (passive to mng. 4), 8. uqttto bring to an end, 9. §utaqt to bringto fulfillment, completion; from OB on; Iiqti - iqatti - qati, I/2, II, 11/2, 11/3,III, III/2, note qu-ti-ti (WSem. passive?)EA 75:37; wr. syll. (note uq-a-at-ti Scholl-meyerNo. 18:17) and TIL, AL.TIL (for (AL.)TIsee mng. 3b, u11I CT 22 20:18); cf. qatiA adj., qdtu in la qdt, qattu s., qtdj,qtu, quttH, taqttu.

ti-il BAD = ga-ma-rum, la-qd-a-tum, qd-tu-u-umMSL 2 130a v 11-13 (Proto-Ea), see MSL 3 218;ti-il BAD = qa-tu-[u], ga-ma-r[u] Idu II 240f.;ti-il BAD = g[a-ma-ru], qa-tu-[u'] S" Voc. V If.,also U 9f., A II/3:12f.; [BAD] [ti-il] = [g]a-ma-

qatif laa-ru = (Hitt.) zi-in-nu-ma[r], [BAD] [ti-il] = qa-a-du= (Hitt.) §u-[aA] Izi Bogh. B r. 10f.; til.la = qi-i-tum, til.til = qut-tu-u Izi J iii 13f.; til = ga-ma-ru, qa-tu-u Igituh short version 61 f.

[za-al] [NI] = qa-tu-u A II/1 iii 3; za-al NI =ga-ma-rum, qd-tu- MSL 9 149 ii 11f. (Proto-Aa).

NI. bi = gu-taq-tu-u Erimhu§ III 85; AN = §u-taq-tu-u Haupt Die Akkadische Sprache pl. 9K.4808:24.

9ir.ri nu.ti.le ba.ni.[...] : irih la qa-te-eliq[bi ... ] let him recite an endless dirge BA10/1 76 No. 4:35f.; [hi].li.bi nu.til.la : akuzubu la qa-tu-u whose sexual charm is inex-haustible Lugale IV 6.

U4 mu.da.an.zal : imu iq-ta-ti the day hadpassed (in broken context) SBH p. 54 No. 27:18f.

u 4 mu ti.a u 4 gi 6 ti.la :mu elu igammarumu ardatu u-qat-[ta] the umu demon finishesthe man, the umu demon destroys the womanSBH p. 95 No. 52 r. 19f.; ul.A.tuku &.na mu.un.da.til : §a etli bel emiqi emiqiu uq-ta-at-ti(the demon) brought the strong young man'sstrength to an end CT 17 22:149f.; im.mu.un.gam.ma im.mu.un.til.la : a uqaddidanni u-qa-at-ti-an-ni who bent me down, destroyed me 4R21* No. 2:14f., see OECT 6 p. 2; 6.a gig til.le.ginx(oiM) ma.ra ta ma.ma.a[1] : ki-ma bi-ta(var. -turn) ma-ru-uS(!)-tum(var. -ti) i-qat-tu-u(var. omits -ui)-u jdti minu i6gakn[a] KAR 375 iii21f., var. from dupl. 5R 52 No. 2:45f.; dr.ra.a.nigi 6 .dfg.ga.bi nu.til.la.e.da.ni f.di.na.nam : ina utlu mili tabu la iu-qat-ta-a §itti I didnot get enough sleep in the sweet lap of the night4R 20 No. 1:7f.

i NI I /qu-ut-tu-u // KI.'a-aNI / qa-[tu-u . .. ]A II/1 Comm. B 7'; i 'BAD = qa-tu-u Izbu Comm.15; el-la-me-e : AGA ta-ri-ih-ti kA-bu-u 6.lam4.ma : er-bi gd-niS si 6.gars.bi til.la : el-la-mu-u d nu-u-ru la-ni-u u-qat-ta-a: si : nu-u-rum : 6.gars : la-a-nu : bi : lu-u : til : qa-tu-uJNES 33 332:17 ff.; rul-tab-ru-u / qa-t[u-u] A II/1Comm. B 18'.

1. to come to an end, to be used up -a) said of periods of time: bardrtu kziq-tu-u ummu inabassi when the eveningwatch ended, fever came over her BE 1733:10 (MB let.); imi iq-ta-tu-u ztetiq adannuthe days have come to an end, the dateset has passed Cagni Erra IIc: 13; pale arBdbili i-qd-at-ti [.. .] the reign of theking of Babylon will come to an endBiOr 28 15 v 15, cf. BALA LUGAL TIL LeichtyIzbu XI 1, also ibid. XIV 7, BRM 4 13:79, LabatSuse 9:13, BALA LUGAL qa-ti KUB 4 1 iv 22(ext.), BALA 3,20 qd-ti ACh Sin 34:62, cf.

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qat lb

MU.ME§ BALA LUGAL qd-t (tU > LeichtyIzbu X 25, cf. also UD.MES qa-tz-u MDP14 p. 56 i 19; [x (x)].ME i-qat-ti Dream-book 318 iii 4; iq-ta-at-a landtija STT 55:44and dupl., see Mayer Gebetsbeschworungen470:15; obscure: un-mu qa-tu-u-ma AChSin 19:3; witnesses before whom PNswore k MN iq-ta-tu-u adi mimma malaina bit PN alkunu uSleqi the month ofTaritu will not have ended before I takeout whatever I put in PN's house VAS 635:4, cf. (in similar phrase) Nbk. 307:8, Nbn.849:14, Evetts Ner. 47:7, cf. also adi MN TIL-2ietir VAS 6 200:14 (NB), MN qa-ta CT 2214:21; adi PA KASKAL (= pa-ras?) i-qa-at-tu-f[l GCCI 2 388:7 (both NB letters).

b) said of a business trip: uletteqmaqa-ti harrdn GN annakam 1.LA.E if he lets(the term for repayment) pass, he willpay the tin at the completion of the busi-ness trip to Susa Leemans Foreign Trade59:13 and 60:12 case, also 62:10 (= TCL 10 125and 20).

c) to be used up: §a GN maiqtu qa-ta-at (the water in) the irrigation outletfor the city of GN is exhausted BE 1727:33 (MB let.); E.ZfD.DA qa-ti YOS 3 66:5(NB let.); lubuti iq-ti my clothing is wornout Gilg. X v 30; kaspu §a ina paniunu§u" (= qati) the silver at their disposalis used up CT 22 20:18 (NB let.); [i]q-ta-taiddni burkdni itanha ina alaki urhi ourarms have no more strength (lit. havebecome used up), our feet (lit. knees)have become weary from travel VAS 12193:12 (Jar tamhdri); libbau itti £arri belijaqa-tu-u he is completely devoted to theking, my lord (replacing gummuru, seegamaru v. mng. 3h-1') ABL 958 r. 10, also,wr. qa-BU-u ABL 1136:6 (NB), cf. [Aa.al.til] = [ .A] qa-ti MSL 9 92 i 3 (list of diseases);la qa-tu-[u zimia] (how could) my looksnot be exhausted? Gilg. X iii 10; kuppu. . .libbaka Sa la i-qdt-tu- nagab[du] yourmind is a catchwater whose spring neverfails Lambert BWL 70:23 (Theodicy).

qatf 2bd) other occs.: mimm bz'ti iudti i-qat-

ti (var. i-SU-UR) the wealth of that housewill come to an end Boissier DA 1:12, var.from KAR 376 r. 11, cf. NfG.NAM-u? TIL CT39 7 K.3900:1 (Alu); nissatu i-qat-ti KAR 206i 12; amelu i imdtma bissu ina bikiti i-qat-ti that man will die (and) his estatewill come to an end in mourning KAR423 ii 65 (SB ext.); kima ab-ra alaktau TIL-?i(iqtat2 or uqtattl) when the blaze in thebrushwood pile has burned out 4R 55 No.2:18, see Ebeling, ArOr 17/1 187; the singerizammur i-qa-ta BBRNo. 60:33; [x (x)] KURla i-qat-tu-u ana dur ddr [...] that willnever end Gilg. VII iii 7.

2. to perish - a) with napi4tu: PNa in uwi muhhuu la iq-tu-u naplSte

PN who was wounded by an arrow but didnot die (immediately) Streck Asb. 314 6:2,parallel AfO 8 182 ii 4 (Asb.); ina ungi u ububtinapi4tuS liq-ti BBSt. No. 36 vi 53 (NB), cf.ina 6atti4u napiStalu iq-ti Piepkorn Asb. 60iv 58; terra kunndt ana qa-tu-u napilte(the woman in labor) is (too) tenderly at-tached to the child, to the point of endingher life (rather than delivering) Iraq 3131:35 and 52; note with napitu as subject:ina bubuti napidtu[Sunu] qa-ta-a theirlives ended through starvation BE 17 96:9(MB let.); on the day you bore me I shouldhave stayed in your womb [n]a(?)-[p]i(?) -ta-ni lu iq-[tul-ma lu nimut it-[ti]rfa-ha-m[iS(?)] our life should have cometo an end, we should have died togetherCagni Erra IV 90; ina ta-[ni-hu] diliptunapitakunu liq-ti by woe (and) sleepless-ness may your life end Wiseman Treaties 487;ina zdbi u hdli u'a a'a iq-ta-ti napituS(the enemy king's) life trickled woefullyaway AAA 20 pl. 97 (p. 89):161 (Asb.).

b) other occs.: kima m nddi ina tikiliq-tu- may they come to an end, likewater from a waterskin, by dripping MaqluI 118, cf. [n]apiltalunu kma md nddi liq-

[ti] AfO 18 294:77; ina nifi u mdmzt tu-qat-ta-in-ni ina nili u mdmit pagarkunu

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qatfi 3aliq-ti you strive to put an end to me byoath and curse, may you yourselves cometo an end by oath and curse Maqlu V 72,cf. §unu liq-tu-i-ma andku lum'id MaqluII 95, cf. la a-qat-ti OECT 6 pl. 13 K.3515r. 7; [amel]utu u dipir ibbani iteni i-qat-t[i] (whatever men do does not lastforever) men and their achievements alikecome to an end Lambert BWL 108:10; ina[ni]ziqti i-qat-ti he will perish in miseryCT 28 27 r. 39 (physiogn.); ina laliu i-qat-tiDream-book 323:y+15; adi umi iuti §a baltaliq-ti-ma may he perish after a life ofbut a few (more) days BBSt. No. 5 iii 40(MB); ina ihhat §iri liq-ta-a zumurfu mayhe (lit. his body) come to an end bywasting away VAS 1 37 v 44 (NB kudurru);the king of Elam a. .. . ina tdanhi iq-tu-uizibu Piepkorn Asb. 60 iv 56; lilmad §arrubelZ inima iqabat far GN kali mdtdti qi-ti-ti the king, my lord, should know thatthe king of Hatti has conquered all lands,(and) I am finished (WSem. passive?)EA 75:37; ul ina libbila itti bit belikd qa-ta-a-ta will you not perish accordingly (?),along with the house of your lord? ABL290:19; ana libbila re-e$-su itti bitdtini qa-ta-a-ni accordingly (?) for the first time (?)we are perishing, together with our housesABL 1241+ r. 2, see Dietrich Aramaer 200 No. 156,cf. Sarru belija idi ki GN iq-tu-ma LaJPuqudu ina qaqqarilunu abu the king,my lord, knows that the Bit-Amuikanitribe has vanished and that the Puquduare (now) settled in their territory ABL275 r. 9 (all NB); umma §erru ina nikiptiSin qerbulu purrudu u qa-tu-um-ma i-qat-ti if the baby's intestines are disturbedby an "attack of Sin" and it is wastingaway Labat TDP 222:42.

3. to become completed, finished,settled - a) work, manufactured objects:nadappu kaspi 'a ki la qa-tu- itein nalaprpu kaspi land ana elSeu kiniStu ittifunulilkunu since the silver nalappu bowlhas not (yet) been completed, the kinitucollegium should provide them with

qatl 3canother silver nadappu bowl for the elle ufestival YOS 3 51:14 (NB let.); um [ip]ri iiiudti i-qat-tu-u when the (repair) work

on this (statue of the) god is completedTuL p. 111:21, cf. adi lipri ili Sudti i-qat-tu-uibid. 19, adi bit iii Sudti i-rqat-tul- RAcc.44 r. 11; note: 40 qaqqar inapanattua iherradi muhhi umu 'a ul iq-tu(!) they weredigging forty (measures of) terrain beforeI came (and) to this day it is still notfinished YOS 3 19:7; as for our work ahualiqbma liq-tu-u BIN 1 50:24 (NB let.).

b) tablets, literary compositions: [1] e'dni qa-tu-u the tablets are finished ABL1340:11 (NB); AL.TIL completed Ai. VI iv55 (colophon), NU AL.TIL TCL 6 4 r. 16, andpassim in colophons, see Hunger Kolophone 172s.v., wr. AL.TIL.LA SBH p. 102 No. 54 r. 49,wr. qa-ti KBo 1 3 r. 46, KUB 3 1:19, VAS 12193 r. 29, as Akkadogram in Hitt.: QA-TIKBo 6 6 subscript, KUB 21 29 iv 17, KUB 30 50r. v 14, 18, and passim, U-UL QA-TI KUB 30 42i 4; din4u ul fqal-ti u ul latir (see dinumng. 2) SPAW 1889 828 (pl. 7) iii 1, see Lands-berger, Symb. Koschaker 224 n. 23; referring toliterary compositions: note, wr. AL.TIJRAS Cent. Supp. pl. 9 iv 3, vi 32, CT 15 3 i 2,NU.TI ibid. 2 viii 11.

c) accounts, lawsuits: Dt-u nikkassz§a idi kurummati §a PN u PN2 a adi qtMN itti PN3 qa-tu-u the rendering of theaccounts (construed as pl.) for wages andfood allowances of PN and PN2, up to theend of MN, is settled with PN3 VAS 6 181:5;epi nikkassz Sa suluppz. . . itti PN qa-tu-uVAS 3 40:7, epiS nikkassiunu itti ahdmeqa-tu-u Nbn. 838:9, cf. TuM 2-3 127:8, BIN 1122:5, TCL 13 160:11, CT 22 238:6, 239:4, epuSnikkassi . . itti ahdme4ul qa-tu-u Moldenke28:9 (coll. L. Hartman), also Nbk. 254:6, Dar.426:13, and passim in NB replacing gamdru;mehassunu a biti itti ahdmel qa-ta-a-tiBE 8 115:45 (NB); ina pani dajdni akannadibbi'unu li-iq-tu-' let their lawsuit besettled here, before the judges CT 22210:21 (NB let.); dibbiunu itti ahmeA qa-tu-d their lawsuit is settled by mutual

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(agreement) TCL 12 115:6, dibbi~unu §abiti itti ahdmed qa-tu-u Cyr. 128:24, alsoTCL 13 159:17, Evetts Ev.-M. 7:8, ZA 3 224:19,Dar. 260:15, and passim in NB, cf. adi muhhi§a dibbi ... i-qdt-tu-ma AJSL 27 216 RCT12:10; dib-bi ul i-qat-tu-u (in obscurecontext) TCL 6 11:11 (astron.).

4. qutt to finish, to complete, tobring to an end, to go to the end of aperiod of time, a course, to settle, to payin full - a) to finish an object, a building,to complete work - 1' in gen.: the temple.a ipi tam ukluluma umm&nitam qz-ut-tu-u that was constructed with perfectworkmanship, completed with masterlyskill Syria 32 15 iv 7 (Jahdunlim); let thecarpenters go dalassunu li-qa-a[t-tu] -UARMT 13 40:10; adi muhhi SIG4.AL.TR.RAu-qat-tu-u until he has finished (making)the bricks (he must not go elsewhere)BRM 1 33:7, cf. bdbdni gabbi ... i-qat-tl VAS 5 117:14 (both NB); adi qt Sa MNattadd ... i -qa-at-tu-u by the end ofMN they will have completed the spill-way(?) Nbn. 553:13, itteme ki adiuD.8.KAMa MN al<la>kamma su.x.x.MA u-qa-tu-u

Dar. 229:6; halldtu qu-ta-' finish (thework on) the baskets BIN 1 45:19 (NBlet.); ultu ipri ekallija u-qat-tu-u afterI completed the construction of my palaceOIP 2 116 viii 65, parallel ibid. 98:91, 125:49(Senn.), cf. §umma . .. la u-qat-tu-u lipirla(oath) ibid. 81:26, ultu §ipir dli u .GAL.ME § -ia i-qat-tu(var. -tu) -i Lyon Sar. 18:98;ultu Sipri biti dtu agmuruma u-qa-tu-uipira when I had finished the construc-

tion of that temple and completed work onit Borger Esarh. 72:32, cf. [ultu. . .] iggamruu-qat-tu-u her2ssa OIP 2 81:26 (Senn.); ultu6ukutt unammiruma i-qat-tu-u 6ipri afterhe (the Fire god) had made my jewelrygleam again, had finished the work I(commissioned him to do) Cagni Erra I 142;Sipir Esagil a zdra la ?-qa-at-tu-t andckuu;aklil the work on Esagil which myfather had not finished, I myself com-pleted Streck Asb. 246:57, also ibid. 226:8,

qati 4a240 No. 5:8; ana muhhi qu-ut-ti-i a Ebabbarconcerning the completion of EbabbarYOS 3 161:15 (NB let.); Jumma epe biti qi-ut-tu-ma CT 38 12:72 (SB Alu); ina nimrikaDUMU L(.ENGAR i-qa-ta-a za-ru-[su] byyour light (addressing the moon) thefarmer finishes his sowing Ebeling Par-fimrez. pl. 49:21; epram aapdka abta inimatu-qa-at-ta-a mamma qaqqarru lisbat startpiling up the earthen ramp, when youhave finished, each should take up hisstation KBo 1 11 obv.(!) 17, see ZA 44 116;maddatta ki i-qa-tu-u attadin when Ifinished the work assignment, I deliveredit BE 17 27:28 (MB let.); [ip]ra ul tu-qa-ta-' UET 4 183:7 (NB let.); abalu lindl ittabu li-qat-te [um]mau Epite ilkari li-qat-ta-a ilkaria may his (the baby's) fatherlie down (and) finish his sleep, may hismother, who performs the task, finish hertask KAR 114:10f., see Ebeling, MAOG 5/3 9;[adi] dullau u-qat-tu-u PN §issinnu ulinandau PN will not give him (the gar-dener) the dates as his compensationbefore he has finished all his work VAS 612:6 (NB); ki a dullani nu-uq-ta-at-tu-uas soon as we have finished our workLandsberger Brief 9:48, cf. ina panTlu atte:merka adi ina panija u-qat-tu-i(text -RI)allakamma ibid. 8:8, ana muhhi dulla a . ..ammerk dulla uq-te-t[u .. .] ABL 968:11(both NB), cf. dullaka numarku qibima dul=laka qutUt-tu (I hear that) your work islagging, give orders that your work be (?)finished PSBA 18 pl. 1 (after p. 255) 81-11-3,478iv 3 (school tablet); uncert.: ittilu ul adabbuana UD.16.KAM ittiu i-qa-at qalla Sabelija limurma minu ki i-qa-at ana belijalu-u-pur-ru (obscure, for uqatta?, textcontains many errors) CT 22 138:15 and 18(NB let.).

2' in hendiadys: ultu ekurru udtuuSaklilu i-qat-tu-u agmura 6ipirdu after Ihad completely built this sanctuary (and)finished the work on it Thompson Esarh.pl. 16 iii 31 (Asb.); adi kura tuq-te-et-tu-matiteplu as soon as you have completely

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qatii 4bfinished building the kiln Oppenheim Glass32 A:3, dupls. B:4 and C:2; adi qt MN a-qa-

at-tam-ma iherri before the end of MNhe will complete digging up (the field forirrigation) VAS 5 49:22, cf. zeru gabbi u-qa-te-e-ma iherrima ibid. 26:19, zeru gabbiiherrema u-qat-ta Dar. 273:19, iherremau-qdt-te-e-ma Dar. 316:15; SIG4.HI.A i-qdt-te-e-ma ilabbin he will finish making thebricks 82-7-14,155:7; adi muhhi §a neberuu-qat-tu- zbiruni until they have com-pletely crossed to this side ABL 520:23;lu-qat-ti-ma ana 6arri belija luddin I willdeliver the finished (decorations) to theking, my lord ABL 498:25, cf. ultu s8t6ami adi ereb §ami lu-qat-tu-ma ana 6arribelija liddinu may (the gods) give theking, my lord, complete (dominion over)the world (lit. from east to west) ABL277:9 (all NB).

b) to bring (a ritual, an incantation) toan end: kima takpirdti tuq-te-et-tu-u assoon as you have finished the purificationrites BBR No. 26 ii 3, also ibid. i 19; la i-qa-at-ti ensi sir[qlu] the diviner must notcomplete the libations for him AfO 1953:164 (SB lit.); note in hendiadys: 6iptaili ul ide tu-qat-ta-ma tadabbub you recitethe incantation "My god I do not know"to its very end KAR 90 r. 6.

c) to go to the end of a period oftime, a course: ina (text ana) hu i u hZplibbi li-qat-ta-a MU.AN.NA.ME - a mayshe (the sorceress) finish her life (lit.years) in woe and heartbreak (parallel:lubil imna live out her days) 4R 59 No. 1r. 16; adi arha a alddi ugettequma [. . .] -dla i-da-'-ip MN u-qa-ta-ma ullad untilshe lets the month of birthgiving go byshe must not .... her [. . .], she will givebirth by the end of the month of NisannuKAR 223 r. 12 (SB inc.); imia ina qu-ut-ti-i (var. mull) arhSa ina ga-ma-ri whenshe has ended her days (of pregnancy),when she has finished her months KocherBAM 248 iii 20, dupl. AMT 67,1 iii 10, var. fromIraq 31 31:56; note: 1-en GUD bzri a ina

qatif 4elibbi immalladu 2-i tu-u-qa-ti-ma ... ib=bakka when a bull calf is born (to theheifer that was sold), she (the heifer) willhave to bring to term a second (calf) andonly then may he (the owner) take itDar. 257:7; Mercury ume6u TIL-ma inaadannitu... NU IGI K.12646:11; [... inaMU.A]N.NA 12 lumJadi -qdt-ta ina arhiiten MUL lumaS umajSar [the sun] com-pletes in one year (its course through)the twelve signs of the zodiac, each monthit leaves one sign of the zodiac behindTCL 6 20:13, see Hunger, ZA 66 238; §ummaMUL.SAG.ME.GAR ultu MtJL.NAGAR nishuularrema adi MUL.UR.RA u-qat-[ti] ifJupiter starts the .... in Cancer andends (it) by Leo Hunger Uruk 94:29; umma... ina bardriti KI.MIN ina 6aturri SAR-ma u-qat-ti-ma izku if (the moon) starts(its eclipse) in the evening watch, variant:morning watch, and, ending (it), clearsup ACh Sin 33:28; ina ,abdt libbi u la tubSri ramani uq-ta-at-ti I have ended my

life (lit. self) through anguish and illhealth Schollmeyer No. 18:17; note in 11/3:An... likkelmiuma iditta4u lissuh 6arrus=su ina tdnihim li-iq-ta-at-ti may Anulook with disfavor upon him and uproothis foundations so that he end his reignin sorrow ZA 68 116:75 (Takil-ilil u).

d) to settle an account, a lawsuit:nikkassa4u qu-ut-ti settle his accountABIM 20:55 (OB let.); itu dinfu tu-qd-da-lwhen you settle the lawsuit with himPBS 1/2 1:5 (early OB let.), cf. dibbiu ittiPN u-qa-at-ta TuM 2-3 213:6, Nbk. 379:4,wr. u-qdt-ta Cyr. 349:8, Dar. 159:14 (all NB).

e) to pay, deliver in full: irbi S& Ja... inaddinu qu-ut-ti-a-a[m] deliver tome in full the income in barley that hedelivers Kraus AbB 1 6:36; aSSum bilateqlija a []addaqda la i-qd-at-ti-a sincehe did not pay in full the rent for my fieldfor the last year CT 4 28:7, cf. (the rentof the field) M[U.3.KA]M i-qd-ti-ma PBS8/2 228:14; uim tuppi irdtim iSafttaru 6ittiriksiunu i-qd-at-tu- when the sales

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qatf 5adocument is written they will pay in fullthe balance due according to the contract(for parallels see gamdru v. mng. 3c)TCL 1 221:20 (all OB); rihit §E.NUMUN adiqt MN PN u-qa-tu-ma ana PN2 umalla PNwill pay the rest of the seed barley in fullto PN2 before the end of the month ofBabatu Dar. 388:8, TuM 2-3 161:25 (NB), cf.u-qdt-tu-u... inandin Nbn. 373:8; uncert.:5 limi u 6 mdti bappirana qu-ut-ti-i nadnu5,600 beer breads given in full dischargeof the obligation HSS 13 28:4 (Nuzi).

5. qutti to use up, to end - a) to useup, to exhaust: me ... ana PN erreisuittassunutu ana muhhi aa §E.NUMUN-Auu-qa-tu-u m& mamma ul ittannuu heallotted the water to PN, his tenant farmer,since he used up(?) (the water for) hisfield, no one gave him any (more) waterBIN 1 44:14 (NB let.); ki mimmu gabbi lau-qa-at-tu-u (by 8amag) they have usedup all (the food allowance) YOS 3 21:32;kima riksu ittuhu NfG.NA PAD-SU TIL-tiwhen the offering arrangement has beenmade ready and the censer has exhaustedits portion (of incense) Or. NS 36 34:11(SB namburbi), parallel LKA 123:10, 132:5, RA 1822 i 8, also [kima KE§DA ittuhu] rNfIG.NAPAD-SU uq-ta-[at-tu-u] AMT 7,8:13, alsokima ... nignakku ... [...] (text: hzpieSu) uq-ta-tu-u 4R 25 ii 16; eliina abkiu-qd-at-ti dimmatiina qeriSin I wept overthem, I exhausted my moans over themLambert-Millard Atra-hasis 96 III iv 11; u-qe-tii-si-ta-ni (obscure) Tn.-Epic "ii" 20.

b) to end sleep: [Sit]tu ... eliu imqut[ina] qabliti JittaSu -qat-ti sleep cameover him, in the middle watch of the nighthe woke up (lit. ended his sleep) Gilg. Viv 8; [i]na tazzimtiSina ina majdli ul u-qat-ta 0itta due to their lamentation he cannotfinish (his) sleep on his bed STC 2 pi. 73i 11 (SB lit.); ina majal mitim ul i-qa-at-ta-a litti (tbti upon the bed at night Icould not get my fill of sweet sleep OECT1 pi. 25 ii 21 (Nbn.); see also KAR 114:10,

qatfi 6acited mng. 4a-1', and 4R 20 No. 1:7f., inlex. section.

c) other occs.: iten akala itti pappasiul u-qd-at-ti she (the patient) did notfinish (eating) a single piece of bread withgruel BE 17 33:9 (MB let.); RN amata [i].tupiu ul u-qd-at-ta(m) Sarru-kin uhtapparadlu Nurdaggal could scarcely finishuttering his reply when Sargon sur-rounded his city VAS 12 193 r. 8 (ar tamhdri).

6. qutt to destroy, put an end to -a) a country, a people, persons: KURDINGIR.MEA-ad u-qat-tu-li its gods willdestroy the country ACh Adad 35:47, cf.LUGAL KUR.KUR i-qat-ti Thompson Rep.172 r. 4, also ZA 52 248:62; ina nii u mdmttu-qat-ta-in-ni ina nii u mdmitpagarkunuliq-ti (see mng. 2b) Maqlu V 72, cf. Sin ...li-qat-ta-a pagarki Maqlu III 100; naka=ruteka i-qa-at-ta I will destroy yourenemies 4R 61 iv 50 (NA oracles); sittatnie. . . Adad ... ina urpat rihi u aban8am ui-qat-ti reha as for the rest of thepeople, Adad put an end to the remainderwith cloudbursts and hail TCL 3 147 (Sar.);note the spelling: Adad . . . ina sunqisugi huSahhi §a RN massu ni e mdtihu liq-qat-ti-ma may Adad put an end to theland of Mati'ilu and to the people of hisland through want, famine, and hungerAfO 8 25 iv 10 (AgAur-nirari V); LJ Puqidu inatibi Bit Amicdni arddni a §arri belijauq-te-et-tu-u in an uprising the Puquduhave brought an end to the Bit-Amikanitribe, the servants of the king, my lordABL 275:7; ina ddku u hubutdnu uq-ta-at-tu-na-a-di by murder and plunderingthey have ruined us (cf. qatani r. 2) ABL1241 r. 5; gabbi ndi u-qdt-te-e-ma inatukkdti [i] ddki he will ruin all of us, (andfinally) he will kill (us) through (his)calumnies ABL 1255 r. 18 (all NB), cf. u-qa-ta-an-ni (in broken context) PBS 1/279:17 (MB let.); note with sorrow as sub-ject: nissatu li-qat-ti-6u Hinke Kudurruiv 12.

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b) napitu: Sargon ga RN 6ar GN inapuluhtiu rabiti ina kakki ramaniu u-qat(var. -qa)-ta-a napiltu in great fearof whom Ursa, the king of Urartu, broughthis life to an end with his own weaponLyon Sar. 5:27, cf. ina qdte ramaniu inapatri parzilli 6ibbiSu napitau ?-qat-tiWinckler Sar. pl. 33:77, cf. also Lie Sar. 165;ina patri parzilli hanti miqit ildti huahhilipit Irra u-qdt-ta-a napSassun with thequick iron dagger, conflagration, famine,(and) pestilence I will bring their life toan end Streck Asb. 32 iii 126, cf. AfO 3 154:12(AAAur-dan II); the lion I wounded with anarrow [na]piltalu ul [i]-q[dt]-ti StreckAsb. 308 6:2.

c) other occs.: makisku uq-tal-at-tu-udumuq Iereiu the skins (he was wearing)had hidden the beauty of his body Gilg.XI 238; [ultu d]unni qigdtu uwdmma NUu-qat-ti-ma x [.. .] (the fever) came outfrom the depths of the forests but it(?)did not consume [. .. ] LKU 59:9 (fire inc.);bel nagbi u tdmdte BE -u (to be read mu.qattu, muness, or peti) tu-qu-[un-ti] KAR26:14, restored from Rm. 2,171:16.

7. II/2 to be finished, completed(passive to mng. 4): kima e'um mereSdlim ina e-?e-di uq-ta-ta-at-tu-u abulgama4 petiama adi §e'um meres dlim uq-ta-at-tu-u dajdn gi§ibama a[n]a abullimn[a] drim l[a] igg~ when the harvestingof the barley planted by the city isfinished, open (pl.) the gate of (the templeof) 8ama§ and, until the barley plantedby the city is completely brought in,have the judges be present, and theyshould not be careless about watching thegate TCL 1 8:14 and 16 (OB royal let.); um(uppi Simat eqlim i4 atfaruma ikkannakuI.tdt rikse uq-ta-at-ta-um when the salesdeed for the field is written and sealed, theremainder of the (amount stipulated inthe) contract will be paid to him in fullRA 69 114:11 (OB); bitu IA ul uq-ta-at-tuutaklal this house will not be completelyfinished, (variant:) will be completed

qituLabat Calendrier § 1:13; dibbz §a PN uq-ta-at-ta PN's claim will be settled Yos 3109:22 (NB let.).

8. Juqt to bring to an end: DN .u;

kuttala ui-aq-ti Belili completed heradornment CT 15 48 r. 26 (Descent of Ihtar),see von Soden, ZA 58 193:131; um warhi§andt paleu ina tdnehim u dimmatim li-6a-aq-ti may he (Sin) make him (theking) end every day, month, and year ofhis reign in sighing and mourning CHxliii 56; 4 puhsa rimdni dannite ... na:pigtasunu i-eq-ti I put an end to thelives of four powerful wild bulls (with mybow and arrows) AKA 85 vi 67 (Tigl. I);[u§J-tag-mir kullat mimma SumSu [m]i-si-ma-mi u-taq-ti u kalama ihmum she(?)encompassed everything, brought to com-pletion (?) .... and gathered all 8arrat-

Nippuri hymn iii 38 (courtesy W. G. Lambert).

9. §utaqt to bring to fulfillment,completion: ulu 5a arddti mimma lumSuul-taq-ta-a she (Antu) brought me thepleasures of girls in full measure Or. NS36 124:141 (SB hymn to Gula); nereb kiqi§a ul(var. uS)-taq-tu-u iqpSu Enlil JCS31 80 iii 5 (SB Epic of Zu); [. . . tu-u4]-ta-aq-ti narbiam (in broken context) JRASCent. Supp. pl. 7 ii 11 (OB lit.).

In Labat TDP 168:104 DI uq-ta-td isprobably best taken as a new protasisand not, with Labat, ibid. n. 290, as con-tinuing the apodosis of the precedingline, murussu sili'ti UD.1.KAM. The signsmay also be read uk-ta-par, uk-ta-tam,etc.

In Or. 23 214:14 (= KBo 1 12 r. 14) read lig:geltd, see nagalti.

qatf see katu adj.

qatu s. fern.; 1. hand, 2. paw, 3. handle,4. self, person, 5. power of gods, 6.authority, possession, custody, charge,care, control, jurisdiction, 7. in construc-tion with verbs, 8. in idiomatic uses,

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qitu

9. in adverbial use, 10. handiwork,workmanship, 11. one of several equalparts, 12. share, 13. item, 14. list,15. (a unit of measure), 16. qdtum,§a qdtim normal quality, current quality,loose amounts; from OAkk. on; pl. (inmngs. 11, 12, 13, 15) qdtdtu, dual qdtd(n)(ana §a qd-ti-e PN KTS 23:34, ICK 1 119:8,OA), note the reduplicated (locative) qa-tu-qa-tu-us-su-un (see abdtumng. 9a-1)Gilg. III i 19; wr. syll. (ka-ti Edzard Tell ed-Der142:9, for qd-ti, qd-at in later texts cf. AMT52,1:6, Dar. 206:9,321:16) and §U, §u n (uzU.§U Dream-book 315:25f., EA 129:10, and passimin EA), exceptionally §U.DUs.A (YOS 13364:5, cf. 311:6), in colophons also GI§,see mng. 10; cf. i, qdti, qdt sibitti, qd:tamma, qdtaqdti, qdtdtu, qdtdtu in amilqdtdti, qdtdtu in bel qdtdti, qdtdtu in rabqdtdti, qdtdtu in 5a qdtdti, qdtima, qdtu inbel qdti, qdtu in bit qdti, qtu in §a bitqdti, qdtu in §a pan bit qdti, qdtu in aqdti, qdtu in 6dt qdti, db qgte, gcbit qdte.

Au-u Au = qd-a-tum Sb II 23; [Au-u] [Au] =qa-[tum] Ea VI Section B 1; Augqdtum nigg* 280;Au, r u.du 8.al = qa-a-tum, Au.dug.a.ni = qa-as-su (followed by qdttu, q.v.) Hh. II 94ff.; i[u] =qd-tum nigg* Bil. B 120; Au.mu = qd-a-ti UgumuBil. Section D 22; giA.hur. u.mu = u4-t-ra-atqd-ti-ia, [Ai]. u.mu = li-bil qd-ti-ia, sa. Au.mu =fe-er-hal-an qd-ti-ia, umbin.Au.mu = ,i-pu-urqd-ti-ia ibid. 28 ff.; utr. u = if-di qa-ti AntagalD 171; [A]u.zu.hu.ul = qd-tum 8d-hi-il-t[um]nigg* Bil. B 188, also (rubu'tu, kabittu, qallatu,haruptu) ibid. 190ff., (wata[rtu]) ibid. 179, (bi'itu)ibid. 215, nigg* Bil. A v 6, F ul.pe6 = qd-tumwu---um nigg* Bil. B 220, (with broken equi-valents) ibid. 180f., 237f., (ebbetu) nigg* Bil. A v 5,(ettu) ibid. 10; [Au]. ilig = u K -tum, [AU].nig.gig = Au maruitu Antagal C 240 and 242;A[u.A]ag 5s.ag 5 = [qd-t]a-an dam-q[d-tum], Au.Ailig.ga = qd-ta-an na-am-r[a-tum], Au.rsulugl.ga = qd-ta-an na-am-r[a-tum], Au.[gall.gal = qd-ta-an ra-ab-b[i-a-tum], rful.tur.tur = qd-ta-an.i-ih-hi-r[e-tum] nigg* Bil. B 183ff.; [til] [ti-il(pronunciation)] = qa-a-du = (Hitt.) Au-[al] IziBogh. B r. 11; Au.gir.l6.e = u" u OIR" u.-qu-la-ti Antagal E b 10; Au an.tAl = qd-ta-am pe-te,Au.ni al.fl = qd-ta-u za-an-bi-la OBGT III 170f.;[l6.6u.dim 4.bad] = [Ja] qd-sipa-ti-a-at OB LuA317; Au.ka.ta.si.a = qd-at(var. -a)-su pi-Iu ka-al-da-at, Au.rzabar.el.[du 7] = [qd]-tum Sa qd-e[w]a-ds-ma-at nigg* Bil. A v 7 f., var. from B 216;

qatu laAu.ne.n[e] = [qa-as]-su-[nu], Au.ne.ne Au bi.in. ti. e [A] = [MIN il] -qu-[u] they have taken theirshares Ai. II ii 47f., cf. ibid. 49, also Au.ne.neA. akm = MIN iS-ta-a-[at] ibid. 50.

A = qd-tum MSL 2 143 i 15 (Proto-Ea); [pa-a][PA] = i-u, qa-tum A I/7 Section B ii 7 f.; [gi-ig] Goi = qa-a-t, i-qu Idu II 184f., also (broken)A IV/3:254; ti-bi-ir TAG, TAGX§U, TAGXUD(textERIN), TAGXKU, TAGXGUD(text BI) = rit-tum, qa-tum A V/1:252-61, si-lig TAGXUD = rit-tum, qa-tum ibid. 262 f.; i u = qd-tum A II/4:28.

giA.na 5 . Au = [d qa-ti] (var. pit-ni qa-tum) Hh.IV 61a; [gi]A.bal.tur.ra = §d qu qd-tim (seequ A) Hh. VI 24; Ae.nig.Au = MIN (= e-im) qa-tiHh. II 113; giA.giAimmar.nig.Au = a qa-a-tiHh. III 322; for other objects qualified as (Sa)qdti see akkullu, erf2 B, gizallu, immeru, kakku,kuss , lahannu, littu, marru s., nappdhu, pitnu,semeru, supinnu, takaltu; [. .. ] = [ka-id-Ju] id AuNabnitu S 12; see also kepu, sandqu, apd.

gil.ma.nu Au.ak.a = Sd ina qa-a-te qdl-pu-e'ru wood peeled by hand Hh. III 163; Au.muh6.en.sikil.la : qa-ta-a-a lu ella may my handsbe pure BiOr 30 171 iv 36, cf. Au ku.ga.na :ina AU-Sd Kt-ti AMT 11,1 iv 28f., cf. also urpuV-VI 162f., RAcc. 26:15f., CT 17 22:132f., [xAu].sikil.la z6e.m.ma. [...] : [be]-li 9d qd-timel-le-tim in-na-[...] Langdon BL 194 r. 24 (= ZA29 199), and passim; Au bar mu.un.ba.x.te.tema.ra <... > : qd-tum [sa-hi]-il-tum jdti <...> apricking hand has ... .-ed me OECT 6 pl. 21:13 f.;Au.ne.ne Au.a.ni.ta ... ba.ra.an.te.gA.e.d6 : qa-ti-d-nu ana qa-ti-4. ... aj i4kunu let them(the demons) not place their hands on his hand(their feet on his foot) ASKT p. 90-91:68, cf. CT16 11 vi 7f., 16 vi 7f., JTVI 26 154 ii 3f., seeLackenbacher, RA 65 126, and passim; rab(textgab).ra.ra Au kuiA...e.de : ina qa-ti-id Sa inarappi uinuha (see anahu A lex. section) OECT 6pl. 19:13f.; Au.bi Ai.in.Aid.da : qa-tu[I-Jupaqid] CRRA 19 436:30; [A]u.mu gid.mu Auim.mi.si.[si] : [qd-a]t-ta-ia i-Sa-ad-d[a-di] ziu-ta-Sa my hands became weary(?) from pullingVAS 10 179:9f. (OB); urt.zu hul.de.6m Au ur.ra. a mi. ni. [...] : dlka lemniJ ana qa-at nakritu-x-[...] SBH p. 119 No. 67 r. 9f.; for other bil.refs. see mngs. la-2', le-1', 4a, and e'elu lex.section, elepu mng. la, emedu lex. section, e.elulex. section, kasi2 A v. lex. section, lu' adj., nalfA v. lex. section.

kinkimmu = iJdi AUII.ME§ Malku IV 224.d.Su-lak Sa iqb / Bu / qa-tum 1/ LA / la-a //

KO // el-lu Hunger Uruk 47:4; Au (gloss) zu-ru-uh EA 287:27, 288:34; ina u-ti-Ju I ba-di-uEA 245:35; A // qa-ti PBS 10/4 12 iv 7.

1. hand - a) physical characteristics,gestures - 1' in physiogn., Izbu, and

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qitu lamed.: Jumma awilum hadli almutim pa:niue irassu [1]ibbalu qd-ta-Ju gipdJumithdri4 mali if a man is full of blackmoles all over his face, chest, belly, hands,and feet AfO 18 66 iii 9 (OB), cf. (if a mole)ina qabal qd-ti awflim a imittim [GAR]YOS 10 55 r. 4 (OB physiogn.), and passim; if awoman gives birth and §u-su i4tiat it(the child) has (only) one hand LeichtyIzbu III 47, cf. 4 9U.ME§-6i ibid. II 25 andpassim, also &ep u u 9U.ME9-ti kima araqqi its feet and hands are like a turtle'sibid. III 89; gumma sinnitu qd-ti ulid ibid.I 37; if a woman is sick and u"-§d inaqaqqadi a aknama la urradani her handslie on her head and do not come downLabat TDP 214:11, cf. AU-8U u aqqa he liftshis hand ibid. 188:6, also AMT 77,1 i 3; qd-ta-a-guu IepJdu kagia his hands andfeet are cold TLB 2 21:4 (OB diagn.), andpassim with various symptoms in med., seeakalu, ak, ebetu, kandnu, paldJu, qaldlu,ra'dbu, gamdmu, tardru, etc.; 16 stonecharms fimmat 8a §u umeli againstparalysis of the left hand BE 31 60 r. i 10,cf. ibid. 16.

2' in other texts: [Summa] amelu u 1-id kilattdn zu-qat-su ukalla if both a man's

hands hold his chin CT 39 40 r. 41, cf.Summa ... u-su ina pi u parkat CT 3821:15 (both SB Alu); (demon) 9u nu.tukgir nu.tuk : a qd-ta la ilc yep la iiuCT 17 29: 11f.; the demon has a bull's head4 gu" epa L1T.ME§ ZA 43 16 r. 46; qa-tiu gipiz alimmu I (Nabonidus' mother)have sound hands and feet VAB 4 292 ii 31,parallel AnSt 8 50 ii 30; ubdn 4arrim a qd-ti-Su imarra4 the king's finger will becomediseased YOS 10 24:37 (OB ext.); if a manawilam ... iskimma -v-su iMtebir knocksdown(?) another and breaks his handGoetze LE § 44 A iii 37; LtY.ME ana qa-ti-qanadnu uur ka-du-qa lu la inakkisu themen were handed over to you, guard(them) lest they (the authorities) cut offyour hands HSS 14 14:25 (Nuzi let.); igsmilima Nergal irmd qd-ta-a-6u when

qtu lbNergal heard her (Eregkigal's, pleading),his hold (lit. hands) relaxed EA 357:81(Nergal and Eretkigal); Tepdka la issanammdla inarrua UII.ME§-ka (see nardtu mng.lb) Craig ABRT 1 5:8 (NA oracles for Asb.),see also ra'dbu; qa-ta-a-a lu kuzbu (seekuzbu usage f) PSBA 23 120 r. 2 (SB lit.),see ZA 32 174:49 and RA 49 182:3; a statue ofArgiiti §u" imittilu kdribat making agesture of blessing with his right handTCL 3 402 (Sar.).

b) with ref. to activities and ritualscarried out with the hands - 1' in gen.:ina hep& bitiSu vu"-6u di-da Izruba (seeerebu mng. 1 a-3 'c') BBSt. No. 6 ii 58 (Nbk. I);a footman is on duty (at the banquet)sri .. . ina §u-di whisk in hand MVAG41/3 62 ii 22 (NA royal rit.), and passim in thistext, cf. I sent two of my officers kunukkuina vu"-i-nu ABL 138:8 (NA), cf. alsokaspu ma'du ina uSv"-S-nu nagini ABL336:5 (NB), cf. ABL 458:9 (NB); 2 ?alam bini... ina ~UI-ka tanaM'zma KAR 80:11, cf.AMT 55,4:5, and passim in rit., see also naSimngs. la, Ib, 2a-2', and 7a; qalta ...ina u"-Ai tuSaqbassu you have him holda bow (and arrows) in his hand Or. NS39 142:9 (namburbi), and see gabdtumngs. 7aand 1 c; me muti §u-ka aj iltapit (seelapdtu mng. 2c) Gilg. X iv 3; (the medica-tion) ina §u GoYB-i ilattima iballut hedrinks using his left hand and gets wellKiichler Beitr. pl. 3 iii 39, cf. [. . .] GI.IG inaSU-i GAR-ma Kf AMT 13,1 r. i 8; §U-SU. . . irakkasma he ties (red, blue, andcombed wool) around his hand 4R 25 ii 12,cf. also (colored threads) ina §u"- d uGIR-Az KE -8U Sm. 1301:8, also BE 31 60 ii11, NA4.§UBA A(!).ZI.DA ina §U" 15-itarakkas NA 4 .§UBA A.GOB.BU ina ~§u2,30-ii tarakkas RA 18 164:3; §A Kt-tigi/immari ... ina vu-ka tepettil you twistleaves(?) of a pure date palm into arope with your hand AMT 11,1 iv 8, cf.[. . . ina q] a-ti-ka tulappat AfO 12 143r. i 5, ina §u-ka tapallal AMT 64,1:7(= Kocher BAM 494 ii 15), and passim in rits.,

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qitu Icsee also gab mng. 2a; note in a technicaltext: ina qa-ti-ka (in broken context)Ebeling Parfiimrez. p. 23:22; with ramanu:ina Au" ramaniSu ... napitau uqattihe (Ursa) ended his life by his ownhand (with the dagger in his belt) Winck-ler Sar. pl. 33:77, cf. AfD 8 182:16 (Asb.),see also ramanu; note Sepka ina E.KUR u§U.ME§-ka [in]a irat ASSur ilika lu tabamay your steps in the temple and your actstoward your god A Aur be pleasing (ad-dressing the king) MVAG 41/3 12 ii 32 (MA rit.).

2' with ref. to washing or purifyingthe hands: ina pit bdbi ubbib gu[ -ka]purify your hands at the opening of thegate (ceremony) RAcc. 145:440, cf. ikribmar badr ina me KA-S u u uI-Su ulluluBBR No. 97 + K.3471 r. 7, ina m& pdcu §U"-iuimessi ibid. No. 75:17; mesd qa-ta-a-a AnBi12 283:35; for other refs. see mesa adj.,mesi v. lex. section and mng. la, misu A,musdtu; Esarhaddon Sa9uIi-d ella BorgerEsarh. 80:35, cf. Cagni Erra I 158, BMS 12:46;I made the first brick of Esagil inaSuI-id elleti 5R 66 i 10 (Antiochus I), cf.VAB 4 158 A vi 18 (Nbk.), cf. also (offeringsto be made) ina te-bibtu gu 1" RAcc. 79 r. 34;see also ellu adj. mng. 2, eleru mng. 7b;open the storehouse for wine PN kima aiddi qa-ti-§u lillilma ... liberma let PNpurify his hands as is proper (?) andselect (wine) ARM 10 131:7; m ana[§]u Marduk 6angi inai ZA 50 194:19(MA rit.), see also mi A mng. Ic.

c) as inscribed with the property markof the owner of a slave: PN LO.ARAD-SU au" imittiu ana lumi §a PN 2 3atrat PN 3

Lj.ARAD PN4 amtu naphar 2-ta atapir... . a u" imittiunu ana Sumi a PN 5afrat (he sold) PN, his slave, whose right

hand is inscribed with the name of PN2,(and) PN3, a slave, PN4 , a slave girl, inall two household slaves whose righthands are inscribed with the name of PN5(the seller) BRM 2 2:2 and 4, also ibid. 5:2,6:2, 10:2, 25:2, VAS 15 3:3, 20:2, TCL 13 248:2,VDI 1955/4 139 No. 1:4 (all Sel.).

qatu led) with ref. to objects, jewelry, man-

acles, worn or carried: 1 HAR KtT.GI 4 a qa-ti ilim one gold ring (with)four (coils?) for the hand of the deityRA 43 140:20 (Qatna inv.); for other refs. seesemeru; [x] NIG.§U.LUH.HA §u (parallel:iepi) EA 13 r. 24 (lists of gifts from Babylon);for manacles see birztu mng. 4b, i$ qdti,eibtu B mng. 7b, gi$qu; dIM ina kakki aqa-ti-§u lihbussu WisemanAlalakh 1:16; hattiqd-ti-ka leqe'amma take the staff into(lit. of) your hand (and come here) TCL18 89:8 (OB let.); see also hu(drtu A, kisu A,ziqpu.

e) referring to gods - 1' as beneficent:EN ahu ina muhhi ahija issakan md qa-tiina qa-ti-ka the lord (in my dream) puthis arm on my arm, saying: My hand isin your hand ABL 1021 r. 1 (NA); DN Au.fir.ra sikil.bi h .im.ma.an. ed 7.de : Gula ina me-lid qa-ti-6d ellete li4ap=

ihMu (see midu) urpu VII 73ff., cf. lir.kuska Ninkarrak ina rabbatim qd-ti-4a CT42 32:8 (OB inc.); see also damqu mng. 6,ellu adj. mng. 2, pahu; in personalnames: Ana-qd-ti-Samal-anattal CT 47 1laseal 3.

2' as maleficent - a' in gen.: inagU" Gula . . . murqu la pddu ina libbiuli-[ib-Si(?)] may an unremitting illness bein his body through the hand of GulaKAR 111 r. 8, see Hunger Kolophone No. 233, cf.LKA 76 r. 16, 109 r. 17, KAR 386 r. 50, STT40:47,256:46; dannat §u-ka dtamar IeretkaJNES 33 274:33, cf. qa-at DN elija dannatARM 10 87:18; kabtat u-su Lambert BWL48: 1 (Ludlul III), cf. the personal name § u.ni.al.dugud Biggs Al-Hiba 2 ii 3, 10 xi 1(Pre-Sar.), and see kabdtu mng. 2a; [q]a-ta (var. Au) a ili ana ameli babalu BMS11:15, see von Soden, Iraq 31 83; in per-sonal names: Amur-qd-sd PBS 11/1 7 i 14,30:3, 31 iii 1 (OB), Atamar-Su-sa PBS 2/253:16 (MB), uS-ASur-ioi Assur 2 103 MAH16154:2 (NA).

b' qdt ili, qdt DN a calamity, a specificillness - 1" qdt ili: ana marqim qd-ti

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qitu lei-lim for the sick person, (it means) itis the "hand of a god" CT 3 3:33 (OB oilomens); ina la alimti arnu hzu §u DINGIRBoissier DA 211 r. 7 (SB ext.); 1 quhdrum an:nikam qa-at DINGIR eli4u ibbal6i there isa boy here, the "hand of a god" is uponhim OBT Tell Rimah 65:14, cf. ibid. 9 and 17,cf. §u DINGIR-6U eliu ummuda<t) imdtLabat TDP 32:4; Summa ana §u DINGIRtepu adi im adanni iballut if you per-form (the extispicy) in regard to the "handof a god," he will live until the pre-determined time (after his time is up,he will die) CT 31 36 r. 8, cf. ana uDINGIR-lim-d eterilu (see eteru A mng.3b-1') KUB 4 56 i 12; §U DINGIR -2 (asdiagnosis) Labat TDP 112:15, and passim;§U DINGIR ikalassu KAR 395 r. ii 13 (SBphysiogn.), cf. KAR 212 ii 17, and passim, note§U DINGIR URU- U LabatTDP 104f. iii 23, 37,CT 39 49 r. 34, §U DINGIR rabbiti LabatTDP 186:3, emended from Hunger Uruk 37:3,§U DINGIR AD.A.NI Hunger Uruk 37:1, [luq]a-at DINGIR AN-e lu [...] PRT 59:3;§U DINGIR-ti Labat TDP 112:32, and seeilutu mng. Ib, see also nadru, Sudingisrakku.

2" qdt iMtari: umma . . . miqtu kima§U DINGIR imtanaqqussu U dINNIN ek.kemtu Labat TDP 220:27, cf. ibid. 28; U dl5Hunger Uruk 28:9, cf. CT 39 40:47, CT 40 36:33,Labat TDP 60:44ff., and passim, possibly tobe read 6uinninakku; ana §u dINNIN lazzinasdhi Kocher BAM 311:30, and see lazzu;see also itaru mng. Id, and note §udINNIN Itar ina ,ibsdti irteneddi u KI.MINItar ana damiqti iftene'e'u CT 40 36:38.

3" with named gods: u Adad LabatTDP 62:26, 82: 16, and passim; §U dDa-mu 116 i52, 120:44, 226:72; §U Ea 118 ii 18; §UEreSkigal 114 i 39; u Gula CT 38 45:19,Labat TDP 108:16, and passim; U IhfaraLabat TDP 98:48; §U Lugalbanda 76:65;§u Lugalgirra u Meslamtaea 76:58 and 65;§U DINGIR.MAH 222:50, 118 ii 18; §U Marsduk 76:51, 100 i 3, cf. §u Marduk arhi4ikallassu CT 38 33:15 (SB Alu); §U DINGIR

qitu le

MAA.TAB.BA Labat TDP 88 r. 7, 104 iii 13, 21,110 iv 26, 118 ii 17, 19, 126 iv 12, cf. inamatija vU-ti DINGIR MA§.MA§ EN-le-iagabba ameluta §a mdtia idik EA 35:13 (let.of the king of Alagia); AU [Nan... ina biriiaknalli] PRT 42:3, restored from KnudtzonGebete 103:3; §U Nergal Labat TDP 100 i 4,118 ii 21, but lipit §u Nergal 104 iii 10;§u dNin-getin-an-na 226:71, AMT 27,6:2;§U Ninurta Hunger Uruk 27 r. 17, also LabatTDP 66:68 and 73; §U Nusku ibid. 230:117,cf. GCCI 2 406:2; §U Papsukkal Labat TDP118 ii 18; §U DINGIR.IMIN.BI 104 iii 22; §USin 220:35, and passim, AMT 78,7:5, KAR211:22, LKU 58:3 (all SB med.), CT 20 48 iv 42(SB ext.); §U ama Labat TDP 116 ii 5, andpassim, note §u dUTU a4um kasap alirti100 i 5, cf. CT 23 13:8 and passim in med., CT38 26:46f., CT 20 48 iv 36, §U dUTU §Uikribidu Labat Suse 11 iii 5, note: AU dUTUU INNIN dUTU U dINNIN i-bu-ku-§u CT 4035:3; §U Sulak Labat TDP 108 iv 17, 118 ii 10;§u dUra(IB) 56:16; for a group of apod-oses with §U DN see Boissier DA 209f.,CT 38 31:3ff. and dupls. ibid. 26:44-47, 45:20ff.,also KAR 379, KAR 423 i 55-58, ii 9-12, 29f.,CT 20 6 Rm. 86:15-17.

4" with names of planets: u"I Dilbatmar dka ABL 203 r. 1 (NA); §U rulpaeaLabat TDP 108 iv 23; §U dUD.AL.TAR ibid.76:59, Hunger Uruk 37:21.

5" "hand" of demons and ghosts: seeahhdzu mng. 2, ardat lilt, etemmu mng.2c-1' and 2', kinunu mng. 3, kibu A mng.2b, lamatu mng. 2b, malku B, mdmitumng. 2a, rdbiu; Sa ... §U NAM.LT.Ux(GI§GAL).LU eliu bai2 BBR No. 11 ii 13,cf. AfO 18 290:14, KAR 26 r. 8, etc., possiblyto be read Sunamlullu(kku); §u bel uriLabat TDP 214:11, §U ergeti ibid. 110 i 6,220:30, §U LfL.LA.EN.NA (see lilh) HungerUruk 30:6; §U ,€ri u bamdti Labat Suse 11iii 7; §U mdrat Anim (= Lamatu) LabatTDP 114 i 37, 220:30, 224:51f.

6" "hand" of evil spells and illnesses:see kilpii usage a, milittu A usage b,

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qitu 2zikurudi usage c, see also aJirtu A mng.Ic.

3' other occs.: dipdru nalpartakapiriItu v§(?)-ka (see nalpartu A mng.la-3') KAR 58 r. 20, see Ebeling Handerhebung40; [. . .] Nippuru qa-ta-a-a (parallel: 6adireija, etc.) BA 5 388 K.2356:11, cf. qa-ta-a-ka (parallel: rittaka) Pallis Akitu pl.8:17; if Adad causes lightning and §u-suKI birqi innamir his "hand" is seen with (?)the lightning (obscure) JNES 33 199:33.

2. paw: if a ewe gives birth to a lionand §u-su guppulat its paw is massiveLeichty Izbu V 41.

3. handle: 29 nalpattu a kaspi qa-a[t-S]u-nu taskarinnu u u4i (see nalpattu)EA 14 ii 55 (list of gifts from Egypt), also, wr.[qa]-at-u-nu ibid. iii 7, cf. (of knives, seenaglabu B usage a) ibid. i 38, 80, iii 4; notedesignating a jar (referring to the handleor to the shape) in Hitt.: 1 DUG QA-DUi.D.tG.GA KUB 7 29:14, also, wr. QA-TUMKUB 42 104:13, wr. QA-TAM KUB 41 13 ii 9.

4. self, person - a) as subject of averb: andku u"-a-a issiAunu a-ta-la-kaI personally went with them Postgate PalaceArchive 180 r. 5, cf., wr. qa-ta-a-a ABL 138r. 8, [andklu ]u"-a-a alla[ka] K.16057:5(courtesy S. Parpola), cf. (with aradu) Iraq 18 47No. 31:9, (with naddnu) ABL 638:3; Sum[ma qa-t]a-a-gd ina muhhikunu il[laka] whetherhe comes to you in person K.5084b r. 6(courtesy S. Parpola) (allNA); atta U".MES-kaittf alik go with him personally TCL 993:10 (NB let.); ereni [a] ik[kisa] qd-ta-a-acedars which I personally felled VAB 4194 No. 27a ii 5 (Nbk.), cf. a qd-ti PN i4bu§uwhich PN collected personally (?) TCL 1090:18 (OB); (uppam qd-ta-kd lu-la-pi-ta-mawrite a message yourself (lit. your twohands) VAT 9271:8 (OA); he incited thekings of neighboring regions to rebelliona. . .. itakkana (var. altakkana) vu"-a-a

whom I personally had installed StreckAsb. 30 iii 104; qa-ta-a-ka Gilgdme ikld[...] you yourself, Gilgamei, prevented

qitu 4b[the crossing] Gilg. x iii 37; nar hegalliunuiskira UII-Siz-un (var. qa-ta-d-un) theythemselves dammed up the canal thatbrings them abundance Cagni Erra IV13; GN §U-ti ikud WO 2 36:37 (Shalm.III), §u"-a taktalad BHT pl. 8 v 7 (Nbn.Verse Account), and passim, see kaAddu mngs.2a, 2b, 2c, 2g, 2h, 7g; note in the locative:tuppi zimdti ik-u-da qa-tu§-Su CT 15 39 ii47, 40 iii 21; note qdtu without referent toexpress general subject: mar bdrim qd-tum i-ka-[§a]-as-fsul someone will takethe diviner prisoner YOS 10 18:18, also,wr. §U CT 30 44 83-1-18,415:7, CT 31 43 obv. (!)11 and dupl. Boissier DA 222:14, cf. YOS 10 40:23,42 ii 35, 59:7, E .BI §U ikalassu CT 3814:12, 26:19, 25 K.2942+ :17, wr. qd-tumYOS 10 26:5 and 7, cf. also KAR 377 r. 22, CT30 7 Rm. 115:1, 16 K.3841 r. 6f., TCL 6 1:38,2:2, r. 28; rubdm ina bitilu qd-tum ibab:bas<su> YOS 1023:11 (OB ext.); an.dib.bamu.un.dui §u nu.mu.un.tu.tu : rikisam tepu ma qa-at ul iharri SBH p. 130:32f.,

cf. ki.bal.a i.gul.[gul] : mat nukurtuqa-tum u'abbat (see abdtu A lex. section)ASKT p. 127:33f.; baltussun uabbit u"I(var. ina qa-ti) Streck Asb. 74 ix 21; for otherrefs. see bane A v. mng. 3, kullu mngs. Icand 3g-1', lapdtu mng. le, qabdtu, faldlu,sdmu, §aqdlu, tamdhu.

b) qualifying another substantive: NIG.§U.ME § u-ia nakru uesi the enemywill remove my personal property KAR153 r. (!) 18 (SB ext.); obscure: btssu amdtiluu ha-at-tim qd-ti-6u ana pang a nadi AfO24 121 Dring No. 2:8, cf. ibid. 13 (OB let.); niqzqd-ti-i-§u RA 22 171 r. 43 (OB lit.); he willteach the apprentice nuhatimmutu dulluqa-ti-Su gabbi (for var. qatitu see qati Aadj. mng. 2) BOR 1 88b:6; for other refs.see biblu A mng. 4, binitu A mng. 1,binitu mng. 2b, bEZu s. usages a and b,dullu mng. 3f, epiltu mngs. la, 4b, ipluA mng. 3a, kakku mng. la, kidittu mngs.lb, 2b, knu mng. 3, liptu A mngs. la-2',lc-2', 4, pisannu, simtu, gibtu B mng. 7b,gztu mng. 4b-1', liknu, ipru.

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qitu 4cc) qualified by an adjective to indicate

indeterminate subject or in adverbial use:§umma... qd-a-tum haliptum ... ibbaMiif there is a theft (of barley in your houseor threshing floor) Kraus AbB 1 90:16, cf.TIM 4 36:12, cf. also UII zdritu sakinmathere was squandering (see zdrd adj.) TCL12 86:13 (NB); ina qd-tim eritim allak I willgo empty-handed Gol6nischeff 14:27 (= Jan-kowska KTK 20), cf. itti qa-ti maliti Salmeatira I returned safely, laden with spoilStreck Asb. 16 ii 47, cf. ibid. 46 v 41; see alsoqdtu ahitu cited ahi mng. lb; for qdtampanitam in OB and Mari see panu adj.

5. power of gods: the night watchesare of equal duration a Lugalgirra kalis

inana a u"- Saknu they all belong toDN, they are in his power AfO 14144:54; kca=sd patdri <ina> u'"-ka-ma it is in yourpower (Aama) to release the fetteredSchollmeyer p. 139 VAT 5:9, for other refs.see kasi adj. usage b, cf. §smdtu Sdmuuwurati uWuru a qa-ti-ka-[ma] ZA 23370:16, also OECT 6 pl. 5 K.2727:14, pl. 22K.2784:4, see JRAS 1929 285, LKA 109:5, etc.;mutu u na[pitu? ina] gu-ku-nu-ma you(gods) dispense life and death PBS 1/2106:16; §uqi u uSpulu 4i lu Sv-ka (var.qd-at-ka) En. el. IV 8; in personal names:I-na-qd-ti(var. -qa-at)-DINGIR CT4711:37,var. from seal 1 (OB); Ina-uI"-DN-bultu TuM2-3 236:5, also Ina-gU"-DN-akin YOS 6129:5, and passim in NB, Gabbu-ina-u"-DINGIR ADD App. 1 viii 20, etc., ab-breviated Ina-UII-DINGIR.ME§ ibid. 21,fGabbi-ina-§u" Cyr. 284:8, see Tallqvist APN304 and NPN 330 s.v.; note with WSem.prep.: fMe-e-Iu" -dNa-[na-a] UET 4 3:8and 15.

6. authority, possession, custody,charge, care, control, jurisdiction - a)ina qdt - 1' in gen.: if a child ina qd-atmuSgniqtim imtit dies in the care of thewet nurse CH § 194:27; kaspam udti inaqd-ti-ka-ma uur keep that silver in yourown custody YOS 2 1:l10; give them afield Summa amirtalunu Summa a ina

qatu 6aqd-ti-ka ibai d either what they chooseor what you have available OECT 3 33:37,cf. kaspam a ina qd-ti iba4~ zilbilam sendme the silver that is on hand CT 29 38:21;ana mali Sa ina qd-ti-ka ibaS lu e'amlu kaspam ilbilamma according to whatyou have on hand, send me either barleyor silver Kraus AbB 1 138:36, of. Summaina qa-ti-ka la ibalMi afar ibama ina qqaqqarim Auliamma gubilam (see qaqqaru A mng.Ic) Sumer 14 73 No. 47:15; hulqu I2 lummaina qd-ti quh[drij] a ibaMi kima gi[md] atimSa ina qd-ti-ku-nu ibaA2i 6uhiza if thatstolen object is in the possession of myemployee, hand down a decision ac-cording to the decree that is available toyou (pl.) ABIM 33:12 and 14, see also dinumng. 2; paqddu ina qd-ti-6u ul ibaMi hehas no authority to make apportionmentsKraus AbB 1 46:37, alpi ina qd-tim ul ibaSS4TIM 2 84:33, and passim with bar, see baSuimngs. lb-2', lc-6', 4c; x kaspum a inaqd-ti-ia izzizu VAS 16 1:20, cf. CT 4 28:12,YOS 13 126:4, 135:8, wr. ina qd-ti <ti >318:9; ki4um ina qd-ti ekallim CT 52 58:5(all OB); mimma ina qd-ti-6u-nu ul Qabitnothing was found in their possessionKraus AbB 1 76:7; (a fugitive slave) ina §uPN ina GN igbassuma Petschow MB Rechts-urkunden 10:5; 4 sarrg kz sarti ki izbilu inaqa-ti-Su-nu ayqabat I seized in their pos-session the four stacks that they hadstolen PBS 1/2 51:7 (MB let.); (stolenproperty) ina un PN ittammar (see amdrumng. 7b-3') ABL 429:9 (NA), for other refs.from OB on see amaru mng. Id-1', cf.(with amdru) YOS 13 74:12, also a inaqd-ti-Su-nu fe'am zabalam imuru TLB 470:13 (OB let.), see also eli mng. 2d-1'b',ka ddu mng. 9, kullu mng. Ic, le, gabdtumng. 3a; also in nominal clauses: §ummabilat eqlija a ina qd-ti-§u la ugdammirmala ittadin if he does not deliver in fullthe tax on my field which is in his pos-session CT 4 28:16, see Frankena, AbB 2 96;awat eqldtilina ul ina qd-ti-ia ina qd-ti6dpir ndrimma the matter of their fieldsis not under my jurisdiction, it is under

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qitu 6b

the jurisdiction of the Sdpir ndri officialCT 29 27:13f., cf. YOS 13 30:21; kaspum inaqd-ti-Su CT 6 27a: 12, cf. TCL 18 151:16, ,ib2=S

turn ina qd-ti-ia VAS 16 57:20; tuppdtujaina qd-ti abijama PBS 7 55:23, cf. YOS 248:20 and 23, VAS 16 4:28 (all OB); note inOA as part of the subscript of legal texts:i-qd-tiRN rubd'im OIP 27 49:24 and 49b:26,also ibid. 1 reverse, 53:13, TCL 4 122:15, TCL 21214A:19, JSOR 11 p. 134 No. 43:19.

2' in adm. contexts: (barley) ina§U PN PBS 2/2 117:4ft., of. ibid. 42:3, (persons)ibid. 111:20, and passim in MB; barley SaPN ina U PN2 KAJ 74:4 (MA); maddattuluina uI"-§u Iraq 20 195 No. 44:11 (NA let.),cf. Iraq 17 134 No. 16:38, kanku ina uII-§iibid. 131 No. 14:7, maqtu ina Au"-i ABL343 r. 3, x 8s 9i ina U"-4 z ABL 529:10,cf. also ADD 812:1 and 3, r. 6 and 8, 1009 r. 2,dullu ina vuI"-gi lau ABL 447:13 (all NA); afield a ina ia u PN LfT paqdu a PN2 TuM2-3 148:3; thirty talents of wool ina u"PNMu.10.KAM ana6 MA.NA TCL 13 224:13;x barley ina u 11 PN a muhhi er in thecharge of PN, the tithe collector ibid.227:28, dullu a MN a ina §u 11 ilpare Nbn.320:1, and passim, wr. ina Su", in NB adm.,wr. ina qa-at 5R 67 No. 1:26, qd-at Dar.321:16, ina qa-tim PN Nbn. 178:30, note at theend of text: Nbn. 544:7; note with putu naszi:put PN ana aldku ana Bdbili ana paniGubaru ina §u" PN2 atam Eanna u PN3bel piqitti Eanna nali they guarantee toPN2 , the administrator of Eanna, and toPN3, the official of Eanna, that PN will goto Babylon (to appear) before GobryasAnOr 8 46:9; fPN put iepi a PN2 mutiSu ina§u 11 PN3 naldtu 5R 67 No. 3:6, put egrua kaspi... ina u" PN nai VAS 4 167:13,

and passim, note kaspu Ia pitu ina Su"PN nadii Bagh. Mitt. 5 232 No. 18:3.

b) in the locative: Earrama panukkaA.ENGUR.RA-ma qa-tuk-ka (var. vu-ka)Efiarra is at your disposal, i.ENGUR.RAis under your control Cagni Erra IIId 7.

c) Sa qdt - 1' in OA: 1 tamalakku*msa qd-ti-a one box at my disposal(?)

qatu 6cTCL 20 113:13, cf. ibid. 14, Contenau TrenteTablettes Cappadociennes 19:18, cf. a4iqd-ti-athe iron available to me CCT 3 23b:14;for limum (also hamutum) a qd-ti PN seelimu A mng. lb and Larsen The Old AssyrianCity-State p. 53 n. 18.

2' in OB, Mari - a' referring to silver,staples: ina URUDU a qd-ti a nappdhimfrom the copper which is in the handsof the smith VAS 16 89:24, cf. [ina?] e'ima qd-ti-ka UCP 9 335 No. 11:10, cf. ABIM

21:36, x §E.GI§.1 NfG.AU PN UCP 10 106No. 30:2 (coll. B. Landsberger); a4um kaspima qd-ti tamkdrim dekrmma gamddim CT

29 40:1, cf..CT 52 162:4, 163:2; barley 9A,e-e a qd-ti-u BE 6/2 127:2, barley Nfo.§u abarakki JCS 2 97-No. 24:2, reed matsNfG.§U PN TCL 10 80:16, (beside namhartu)TCL 1 206:8, BA 5 431 No. 26:5, (beside PN2 mahir)BE 6/1 40:6, Waterman Bus. Doc. 19:2; x kas=pum ... a PN mdrat PN2 a qd-ti-u CT33 27:6; (jewelry, seals) a qd-ti PN TCL10 120:19ff.; (wool from the palace) Nfo.§U PN CT 8 21a:3; unut URUDU a qd-ti-au YOS 13 125:3, cf. (copper) a qa-ti-ka ARM 18 10:9; x dates NIG.§U PN§U.TI.A PN2 TCL 11 240:3, note (in similarcontext) ga NfIG.U PN ibid. 192:9.

b' referring to persons, workmen:awzit ul a qd-ti-ka are the men notunder your jurisdiction? Kraus, AbB 5127:11; [L (?)].MA.HI.A NfG.§U PN VAS 1651:9, cf. DUMU.ME GN NfG.§U SIPA ibid.17:6, and passim, see bd'iru, iSakku, ka=parru, ndqidu, rakbu, redii, re'i", ,abu,gdkinu, atammu, etc., cf. dbam a [q]a-ti-ia ARM 3 3:24, auum quhdrija a qd-ti PN TLB 4 2:4, and note: 12 lmi ,dbama qa-tim Studies Landsberger 194:56 (Shem-

shara let.); note: barley borrowed KI PNNfG. U PN2 TCL 1 179:4.

c' referring to herds, fields, etc.: or-chard land Sa PN Sa qd-ti PN2 Jean 9umeret Akkad 198:3 and 5, cf. (a field) NfG.MUPN PA.MAR.TU CT 8 7a:9, A.§A G(T.UNNIG.§U PN TCL 7 18:8, cf. erget mdtim Saqd-ti-u-nu ligrigu ibid. 19:11; g6tat genim

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qitu 6c§a qd-ti-ka TCL 1 4:28, cf. ibid. 6 and 18,AB.GUD.HI.A a qd-ti-§u LIH 37:5, 313AB.GUD.HI.A §A NfG.§U Nf.TE.NI Ut NfG.§U UTUL.E.NE 313 head of cattle fromhis own jurisdiction and that of the chiefherdsmen UET 5 819:13f.; alum annum§a qa-ti-k[a] this town is under yourcontrol Sumer 14 65 No. 39:17.

3' in MB, MA, Nuzi, RS: ERfN.ME§Sa qa-ti-ia CT 43 102:22 (MB let.); x barleyration Sa uv akni PBS 2/2 53:41 (MB),cf. ibid. 115:6; SfG.ME § a qa-ti-ka k& magiiballi irehha as for the wool at yourdisposal, how much is available as re-mainder? KAV 106:9 (MA let.); 4 ITI 20UD.ME § a u PN KAJ 246:1; x head ofcattle sugullu a u PN re' alpi KAJ289:14; x barley a §u PN ina §u PN2belonging to PN is in the hands of PN2(the borrower) KAJ 82:4f.; (craftsmen)§a qa-ti-Ju-nu (in broken context) AfO17 290:126 (MA harem edicts), and passim in MA;x barley §a ka-ti a PN TCL 9 34:2 (Nuzi);(list of persons) anndtu Sa §u PN JEN503:22, cf. JEN 665:6 f., also 533:3 and 12; tam=kar Sa §u-ia the merchants under myprotection (were killed in Ugarit) MRS 9172 RS 17.145:4.

4' in NA: eight persons a §u" PN§a URU GN ADD 852 i 4, cf. ADD 160:4, andpassim in ADD, also ABL 32:11, bel didni Sa§u"-ia ABL 136:5, 50 ,dbe a uv"-dABL 186:16, Wiseman Treaties 4 var., and passim.

5' in NB: two hundred vats of beer[§a PN] Sd gu" PN2 PN3 u [bel qad4tiunu]belonging to PN, (borrowed) by PN2, PN3,and the holders of their bow fief PBS 2/158:2, cf. (bricks) BE 9 51:2, and passim; weaversd Su" PN AnOr 8 26:14, cf. (gardeners) YOS

7 84:23, 124:3, PN a §U" qpi Nbn. 662:15;dates Sa §u" PN gugallu Strassmaier, Actesdu 8e Congrbs International No. 22:3; flocks ga§U PN rab bulu YOS 7 83:4.

6' in SB: you recite the incantationGi§.PA GIE.MA.NU Sa §U rei' over a staffof ashwood belonging to the shepherds

qtu 6fKocher BAM 248 iv 8, cf. ibid. 4; ana Sakka=nakki a qa-ti-ia qi[bima] umma NinurtaBA 5 657 No. 18:4, see Nougayrol, RA 36 34;[. . .] alimtu Sa u ummdni latik bari safe[...] from a scholar, checked and testedAMT 19,6 iv 4.

7' in colophons: bultu latku a u'ummdni Kocher BAM 9:70, cf. a §U PNHunger Kolophone 66:3, also d(or NfG) §UPN ibid. 65:2, 67:1, 456:3, 477; note tuppihi4ihti Sa §u" kal RAcc. 42 r. 1, nepeSi

a §u" kali ibid. 44 r. 14 and passim, also(referring to the rit., outside the colophon) BRM 46:2 and 17.-

d) ki (kma) qdt: x wheat ina u PNki-i §u PN2 PN3 imhur PN3 received fromPN as representative (?) of PN2 BE 14 36:4(MB); (sheep) ki-i §u RN PN . . . mahirKAJ 221:2, see AfO 10 45 No. 39; in brokencontext: ki-i qa-at gighurdte AfO 17 268:10(all MA); x tin ina §U PN tamkdri ki-i§U PN2 PN 3 mahir Peiser Urkunden 132:5,also (barley) ki-i §u PN bel pihati ina §uPN2 DUB.SAR PN3 [mah] ir ibid. 118:2 (bothMB); note qd-ti imitti u 6umelim (parallel:kima imitti u umeli 146:8) YOS 12 140:7(OB).

e) ana qdt: ula kaspum 10 GIN anaqd-ti-a ula emdrum ana rakdbija there isnot even ten shekels of silver for my usenor a donkey for me to ride on BIN 673:18 (OA); x oxen ana qa-ti PN LaesseeShemshara Tablets 68 SH 867:4f.; eqldt arUgarit. . . ana v-ti-ma ar Ugarit. . . ueqldt RN... ana vu-ti-ma RN the landsof the king of Ugarit remain under thecontrol of the king of Ugarit himself, andthe lands of RN remain under the controlof RN himself MRS 9 231 RS 17.123:11 and19, also ibid. 15 and 22f.

f) qdt: (a field) AU.TI.A PN §U hamsdagari MDP 28 449:5; (gold artifacts) PAPSa GN S~ PN PBS 13 80 r. 8; (foodstuffs)§U PN PBS 2/2 45:5, Petschow MB Rechtsur-kunden 15:8, cf. ibid. 18:3, and passim, also (bows)PBS 2/2 54:18, (prisoners) ibid. 116:1 (all MB);

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qAtu 7aPN §U" PN2 ADD 703:2, cf. KAV 39:13, also§u" arri ADD 1046 i 2; treaty with RNand Lj.ERfN.ME § UI-.~ Wiseman Trea-ties 4; horses §U11 PN KAV 31:32, 131 r. 2,also (beverages) §u 1 PN sird~i ADD 998r. 2, and passim with staples and offerings in ADD;dates §U" PN BRM 1 14:4, also (wool) ibid.21:3, 6 SILA §U II PN six silas (of beer)(received?),by PN TCL 12 1:2, and passimin this text, also ibid. 3:2 and passim.

7. in construction with verbs - a) in-troducing the complement of a verb (sub-stituting for an independent personalpronoun by serving as the stem to which apronominal suffix is attached, or elseintroducing the complement noun) - 1'in the terminative and locative: gnu Enlil... errat nice qd-ti-i4-su iddinu (seegerretu mng. 4c-2') PBS 5 36 r. iii 18 (Naram-Sin); [pu]qqudu elreti uddufu mdhdzi baHiqa-tu-u[§-5u] it is in his power to providethe sanctuaries, to repair the holy citiesPSBA 20 156 r. 3 (acrostic hymn); §a napharterete qa-tul-§u paqd[u] to whose handsall commands are entrusted AMT 71,1:32,see ZA 51 172; band iii u iMtari ku-um-mu (for kin-ma) qa-tuk-ku-nu it lieswithin your power to fashion (images of)gods and goddesses Borger Esarh. 82 r. 16;kak qabli u tdhazi mulld qa-tuJ-~d LKA 31r. 17, and see mall v. lex. section andmngs. 9c-1'b' and 13b-2', also kandSu,man mng. 7, paqddu, Jakdnu, 6utlumu,tamdhu.

2' preceded by a preposition - a' pre-ceded by ina, itu (ultu), aSar (Nuzi only),rarely ana, to introduce the complementof a verb expressing movement away -with such meanings as escape, save,release, take away from: if the fugitiveslave ina qd-at Idbitdniu ihtaliq es-caped from his captor CH § 20:6, cf. PN uDUMU-A" ina Bu- halqu YOS 3 165:34(NB let.); ninu ina §u -i-ni uhallaquthey have deprived us of fish TCL 13163:7 (NB); a slave ina qd-ti tamkdrilJuudappiramma CT 52 128:6 (OB); see also

qitu 7aa.d, ekemu, etequ A (uituqu), eteru, Szubusub ezebumngs. 6 and 7, habdluA mng. 4d,habdtu A mng. 3, haldqu, leq, nabalkutumng. Ic, nakdrumng. lb, naparrudu, 6dtu,ahdu, atdpu, tdru, uluru; note ina qdti

without referent to express indeterminateperson: dullu §a ... ina qa-ti maqtuma(see maqdtu mng. li) MDP 2 pl. 22 iii 38;see also naparudu mng. 2a. With suchmeanings as buy, rent, take over, receivefrom: limum a i-qd-ti PN igbutu eponym:he who took over from PN Kiiltepe a/k473b, cited Balkan Observations 81 sub 8, also(with ilqeu) Kiiltepe c/k 41:51-55, etc., citedBalkan, Studies Landsberger 172f.; aw7lumina qd-ti rede eqlam uSei the man rentedthe field from the "soldiers" OECT 3 47:9(OB let.); x barley PN ina qa-ti PN2 ilqe MDP23 312:13, cf. ina qa-ti PN UDU.HI.A.ME§ina qa-ti-§u leqe ibid. 316:18f., cf. KAJ 78:6,and passim with leqi; mdhirdnu a inaqa-at aAAat a'li imhuruni KAV 1 i 40 (Ass.Code § 3), cf. KAJ 180:12, and passim withmahdru, see mahdru mng. la-3' (OB), 5'(MB), 8' (MA), 10' (NB), Ig (EA), see alsoabdku A mng. 3a-2', 3b-3', epeSu mng. 2c(mahzru), eteru B, kandku mng. 4b, maidhuA mng. Ic, nail mng. 3a-3', 4', 3c-2',(ana Simi) patdru, rehu, 6dmu. With suchmeanings as collect, claim, take away:see ekemu, eseru, paqdru, tdru (turru).

b' preceded by ana, ina to introducethe complement of a verb expressingmovement toward - with such meaningsas give, entrust, hand over, transfer to,deposit into: one nahlaptu garment anaqa-at PN ... slbilanim ARM 10 175:22;see also erebu (also Iurubu), kdnu A mng.3j, leq mngs. la-l', 4a, mal4 mngs.9c-1'a', 14, mani mngs. 7, 9e, 10c, 12c,maqatu mng. 3b, naddnu mng. Id, naJdru,paqddu, 6akdnu, falmu, 6unni, tamahu,tdru (turru), uSluru.

c' preceded by ina to introduce aperson serving as an agent: annurig ina§U" mdr liprija ... ussebilalu I amsending him (to the king) with my mes-

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qatu 7bsenger ABL 193:11; ina Su" mdr Bdbilinipura Munu ABL 438 r. 28 (both NA), andpassim with Subulu, lapdru in NA, NB, seeabdlu A mng. 9a-1', §apdru.

d' other, idiomatic, uses: any field orbuilding §a ina libbi uhtabbalu .. . ina9u"-ia ub-ta-' (see bu'z mng. 6) TuM2-3 204:7; for other refs. (also with qatuin the locative) see bu'i mng. 4; inaqd-ti-ia gag[im] li-mu-ur Kraus AbB 1138:18, and see amdru A mng. 5 (qdtu b);§a amdtilu §U.ME§-,i-na ina NA 4.HAR ud-dap-pi-ir u a arddniu qdtamma ina qa-ti-6u-nu ud-dap-pi-ir he released hisslave girls from the task of grinding (lit.their hands from the grindstone), andsimilarly he released his slaves KBo 10 1r. 11 f. (Hattuiili bil.); awzlam §dti attamatuwa'arSu ina qa-ti-ka-ma illak you your-self give instructions to that man and hefollows only you ARMT 13 142:32, cf. ina

u"I-ka ul nillak (the countries thatseceded from Elam said) we will notfollow you ABL 839:12 (NB), and see aldkumng. 4c-11'; note a ana qa-tuJ-Su illakihurSdnu ellitu ina qibituMu utaqqu I[gigi]Mayer Gebetsbeschworungen 476:42; send mesilver alpum ina qd-ti-ni la um"i TIM2 78:42 and 46, cf. TLB 4 22:20 (both OBletters); zitu ina §U rube u mi KAR 429:13(SB ext.); note [GI.PISAN].HI.A ... i-naqa-ta ramaniunu ueinimma ARM 1082:16; for other refs. to ina, ana, itu qdtiag and luIq2 see ad2 mng. 5a; for itu(issu), la qdti el and fSili, see elI mngs. 3cand llf.

b) reinforcing a verb meaning "seize"or "hold": see ina qdti kullu "to hold"sub kullu mng. Ic, le; for ina qdti abdtu(Mari, Bogh.) see gabdtu mng. 7b.

8. in idiomatic uses - a) ina qdtithrough the agency of, as a consequenceof, through: ina qd-ti habba[ti] iSdtumnap hat mdtam ikka[1] fire has flared upthrough the act of the bandits, it consumesthe land TIM 2 28:8 (OB let.); ina qd-ti

qitu 8bdullim reSi ula ana§i I cannot lift myhead for woe TCL 1 9:1 (OB lit.); inaqa-at karg [pa]gr ... ulluma ul ele'iI cannot defend myself, due to calumniesARM 2 55:23, cf. RA 42 66:50 (Mari let.); inaqa-at erbim halq eburam ul ipulma mydistrict could not harvest as a conse-quence of the locusts RA 42 70:5; hibltuiaina qd-ti PN imtida I suffered many lossesthrough PN OECT 3 56:10; ina qd-ti haliwarddam ul ile'ima he cannot come downon account of the district OECT 3 41:7,cf. ina qd-ti awdtiki VAS 16 188:7 (all OBletters); bud,.u ihalliq ina v a§5atiluimaqqut his property will be lost, it (orhe) will perish through the agency of hiswife KAR 212 i 13 and dupl. CT 40 10:49(iqqur ipuS), see Labat Calendrier § 31:10; inaSu as tirti murgi irli (if the patient)while in the care of the physician has arelapse AMT 2,7:4 and 101,3:15, cf. [...]ina §U A.ZU innaddi CT 28 16 K.9614 r. 7 (SBAlu ?); note the contractions (used as a con-junction?): iq-qd-at g~hdtuka JCS 15 8 iii 13,i-qd-tu gin$a §u-[.. .] CT 15 2 viii 5 (bothOB lit.); qabiti ina qa-ti PN awatu annituI have spoken this word through PN EA263:21; uncert.: mdtu rabiti uttirra u birtidannati ina qa-ti mdtdti aktagar (seebirtu A mng. 2a) ABL 542 r. 19 (NB);. with-out referent: ila ki uall2 ina u altalimI prayed to the god and thereby I got wellYOS 3 90:7 (NB let.), and see aldmu.

b) in idioms with qdtu as object of averb: apptum ana . . . pirikanni qd-at-kc la tubbalma la taldm please do notbuy any .... textiles whatsoever VAT9290:22, cited JAOS 78 99 n. 66 (OA); belz qa-tam lidanninma my lord should intervenein severe terms ARM 14 56:29, cf. qd-at-kilu dannat TIM 2 79:10 (OB let.); see alsoablu A mng. 5a (qdtu), ahdzu mng. 6,amdru A mng. 5 (qdtu), batdqu mng. 7b,dek mng. 2f-2'c', emedu mng. 4c-2', enmmng. 1g-5', kal mng. 2a-1', lullt, magdgumng. 2, mad4u mng. 4g, ma$Q mng. 4,naddnu mng. 2 (qqdtu), nad mng. 6 (qqdtu),

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qitu 8cnapdu mng. 2c, nasahu mng. 9 (qdtu),nai mng. 6 (qdtu), pardku, pardsu,padru, petti, rakdsu, abdtu mng. 8 (qdtu),gakdnu, tamdhu, tardu, tdru.

c) in idioms with qdtu as subject of averb: see eld v. mng. 3b-3', e.lu adj.;note: (the work) §a umd qa-a-tu ina libbitallikuni ABL 1378 r. 8, see Parpola LAS No. 19.

d) in compounds: for me qdti see mzi Amng. 3, for ni qdti see ni§u B mng. 2,for gibit qdti see gibtu B mng. 7d, fortirig qdti see tirqu; see also i qdti, 5dbqdte, qdbit qdte, Sat qdti.

9. in adverbial use - a) ana qdt(aqqdt) beyond (MA): if a man's wifesteals something a-na qa-at 5 MA.NA AN.NA tutattir exceeding five minas of tinKAV 1 i 59 (Ass. Code § 5), cf. aq-qa-at 2 birA.SA (in broken context) AfO 17 270:18(harem edicts); gumma a-na qa-a-at 10 a;ndte mdrimdre Qihhiru if the grandsons areyounger than ten years old KAV 1 vi 31(Ass. Code § 43), cf. a-na qa-at 5 6andteitahhira ibid. v 6 (§ 36), also iv 103 (§ 36);let my brother send me much gold i aq-qa-at abija ahija literanni and my brothershould (give) more to me than he didto my father EA 20:71 (let. of Tutratta).

b) adi qdt until: ultu MU.18.KAM mAr-5i 8a mAr-tak-Aat-su ,arru §umSu SA4 -iEN §U MU.13.KAM m U-ma-su 9a mAr-tak-oat-s8u arru 5umgu nab' from the 18thyear of Arses, who is called King Arta-xerxes, to the 13th year of Ochos, whois called King Artaxerxes LBAT 1394 iv 11and 13 (LB).

c) ina qdtimma immediately: ina qa-tim-ma uSeSerSi I repaired (the damage)right away ARM 1418:10, also ibid. 7; see alsoqtaqdti.

d) k qdt(i) in the same way: ki qa-atpanimma (you treat the mixture) in thesame way as before Oppenheim Glass 48§ 18:14.

qitu 1 a

e) Papal (Sapla, Sapli) qdti secretly(NA): maqqartuu Sap-la qa-ti ittaqru theywatched him secretly ABL 411:12, cf.sap-li qa-ti masartuu li$quru ibid. 7;sa-pal § UI aappara ABL 1058 r. 11, also,wr. inaKI.TA AU 11 ABL 1176:19.

10. handiwork, workmanship - a) ingen.: one necklace ga qa-ti mdt TukriSin the style (or: in the workmanship) ofGN RA 43 142:56, 150:124, cf. (a giftuppu)ibid. 156:189 (Qatna inv.).

b) indicating the scribe of a tablet:§U PN DUB.SAR AASOR 16 16:17, also §uPN ibid. 33:39, and passim in Nuzi; §U PNKBo 1 42 vi, ,U PN DUB.SAR TUR Labat Suse1 iv 37, also Hunger Kolophone Nos. 10-15 (OB),and passim in colophons, wr. qa-at AJSL 4341 r. 129, CT 34 50 iv 41, wr. qa-dt HungerUruk 69 r. 53, in NB texts from Uruk andBabylon also wr. GI§ (see Idu II, in lex.section), e.g., SBH p. 102 No. 54 r. 51 (fromBabylon), TCL 6 2 r. 31, note GIB ramaniuibid. 45 r. 25; ina §u"-t i§fur Hunger Ko-lophone 137:3, ina GI -,u igturma ibri ibid.174:2 (both Sel.); note in colophons ofastron. tables: ina §u 1"-u imAuh heperformed the computations personallyHunger Kolophone Nos. 171:2, 172: 1 (LB astron.);see Hunger Kolophone index s.v. qdtu.

11. one of several equal parts - a) ingen.: immimma a[nnim a] ezibu 2 qd-ti-in awildtum ilaqqe<a> i t&t qd-tdm PNilaqqe iStet qd-tdm PN2 ilaqqe from all thisthat I (the testator) have left, the twowomen take two parts, PN one part andPN, one part RA 60 133:31ff.; kaspam ...ana oaldaiu nimhassuma i tt& qd-tdmkaspam andku alqema TCL 14 33:7 (bothOA); of the booty I took 2-ta qa-ta anaDN [...] 1-et qa-ta ina ekallija alkun I[gave] two parts to DN, and one part Ideposited in my palace Scheil Tn. II 28f.;15 talents of silver ana 3 qa-ta-tim ...izuzu they divided into three equal partsARM 1 129:13; if you wish ana 1-et qa-tibundnu tuqarrab you add bundnu for

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qitu llbone part AMT 41,1 iv 40; 8 SILA i qa-atMUN ABL 207 r. 1 (NA); [at]ta 2 ka-ta-duleqemi u 'PN iltiltu lilqemi (divide thefield with fPN) take two thirds and letfPN take one third HSS 5 46:18, cf. PN 2 §uileqqe u fPN2 iltiitu ileqqe ibid. 71:6; asAkkadogram in Hitt.: 2 QA-TAM ... 1-ENQA-TAM... da-a-i FriedrichGesetze I § 53:13f.;from the paternal estate 2-ta SUH.MESmari mahrzti u alu mdr arkti ileqq2the sons of the first (wife) take two thirds,and the sons of the second one thirdSPAW 1889 828 (pl. 7) v 39 (NB laws), cf. [2qa-t]a-ti in[assaq] AfO 12 53 Text 0 ii 10(Ass. Code), cf. also (in broken context)2 qa-ta-te KUB 3 77:13.

b) referring to a fraction of the form" - 1' itta qdten (qdtdti) two thirds:send me 131 minas of silver u andku2

i -ta qd-ti-in laddi and I will provide the(other) two thirds (of the total investment,making forty minas in all) MDOG 10287:8, cf. BIN6 181:10ff., also ICK 1 83:9f. (tablet)and ICK 2 60:3ff. (case, all OA); Sitta qa-ta-tim ruplum the width is two thirds Sumer7 45:2, cf. ibid. 6, 35:2 (OB math.); x silverSim 2-ta SUII.ME ina kurummati equiv-alent to two thirds of the allotment BRM 233:18; total 2-ta U I I .ME a imu u 18-'-u a umu two thirds and one eighteenthof a day (adding up A, , A, and *, i.e.,i, of a day) VAS 15 28:4 and passim; 2-ta

U"I.ME§ zitti4u a itti PN ahi4u two thirdsof his share (in the prebend) which (heholds) with his brother PN VAS 5 21:18,and passim with zittu, nikkassu, also 2-ta

vu" ina ki4ubbd TCL 13 239:8, 14, 11, etc.,naphar 4-ta GI§.BAN.ME§ 2-ta uu" a aI§.BAN PBS 2/1 30:11, a field of 6 NINDA.HI.A 2-ta §U1 1 NINDA.HI.A Evetts Ev.-M.23:9; for each hundred ewes 66 2-ta§UII.ME§ mildu 66§ of the offspring PBS2/1 144:7, and passim; ina muhhi 1 MA.NA2-ta SUII.MES halluru kaspu ina muhhiiuirabbi (per month) the interest is twothirds and one tenth (of a shekel) of silverper mina Dar. 119:5, and passim in NB referring

qitu 12ato amounts of silver, note (gold) BIN 1 138:1 and 4,note, wr. 2 u"-ta-a-tum Nbk. 345:8; 2-ta§UI I HAB-rat ikin attali (beside faluHAB-rat line 48) BRM 4 6:49 (NB rit.).

2' other occs.: 3-ta UII.ME§ ina zeri(beside rib ina zeri) TCL 13 249:15, cf.milil ina 3-ta u" ina1 iSaten iumu half ofthree fourths of one day (added to one-eighth day, sum: one-half day) BRM 211:2 and 18, cf. also 3 SU.ME Sa NA 4 takkasRA 23 46:6, 3-ta §UII.ME§ (followed by 2-ta SU II .ME AnOr 8 1:5 (all NB); 3 u 11 .ME ana bel pdhete a GN attidin 1 qa-tiana bel pdhete a GN2 . . . attidin I gavethree fourths (of the bricks) to the gover-nor of GN, one fourth to the governor ofGN 2 ABL 486 r. 9f. (NA), cf. ADD 917 ii 16;hamiS U ina isqi Peiser Vertrage 91:5 (NB);31 ME i 5 §UII.[ME§] (Jupiter remainsinvisible for) 311 days (beside [x ME] u2-ta SUII.ME Sd ME line 6) NeugebauerACT 817:7.

12. share - a) share in a businessenterprise: gaptam qd-ti lublunimmalet them bring my share of the woolTCL 19 51:11; x URUDU qd-ti leqe ...URUDU qd-at-kd qd-ti-ma KTS 32c:4and 7; ina ddtim annitim 4 TJiG ana qd-ti-kd from this investment four textiles(go) to your account CCT 1 19a:12; xsilver i-qd-ta-ti-ku-nu iqahher will bededucted from your shares KT Blanckertz3:8, cf. TuM 122a:31, and see geheru mng. Id;PN a-qd-ti-iu nile'e we will claim his sharefrom PN HUCA 39 22 L 29-566:23, cf. JCS 149 S.562:14, also TCL 21 216A:19; dumma qd-turn a PN qd-ta-at u qd-ti PN, qd-ta-atif PN's share is a (separate) share andPN2's share is a (separate) share (i.e.,they are not jointly responsible) Kiiltepec/k 680:16f., cited Or. NS 36 401, cf. ummaqd-ti PN la qd-ta-at kaspum ina qd-at ki=lallimma rakis if PN's share is not a (sep-arate) share, they are jointly responsiblefor the silver ibid. 25 f.; x kaspam garrupamqd-ti u qd-ti abini addima I deposited xrefined silver, my share and our prin-

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qitu 12acipal's share CCT 3 9:27f., and see naddmng. 2c-1', see also leqi mng. 3a-2',maqdtu mng. 3a-3', (ehU, zamdru B; xkaspam qd-at-kd-ma ali ibagiu ina kaspikaalaqqe BIN 4 33:28; x tin qd-sui a PNRA 60 128 AO 11216:8, cf. CCT 5 22a:21; Xtalents of copper qd-ta-am §a PN ilti PN21k MA.NA.TA PN3 iS'am PN3 bought PN'sshare from PN2 at a price of one and one-third minas (of silver) for each (talent ofcopper) CCT 1 17a:2; PN said, "48 shekelsof gold qd-tdm Sa PN aS'ammajdti izzazamumma PN2-ma PN3 ahiz qd-ti i'amma Suadtiizzassum PN's share, I bought, and so itbelongs to me," PN2 said, "My brother PN3bought my share, it belongs to him"(shares in a dead merchant's investmentsinherited by his children) MVAG 35/3 311:7and 11, cf. ibid. 310:8 and r. 1'; as for thethirty minas of silver of PN's that PN6owed him 10 MA.NA kaspam qd-ti PN2mer'at PN PN3 u PN4 ahua ilqeu 10 MA.NAkaspam qd-8s PN4 mer'a PN ilqe 10 MA.NAkaspam qd-su PNs ahuu ilqe ana qd-ta-ti-gu-nu PN2 PN4 u PN5 ana PN6 u mer'eu ulaiturru PN3 and PN4, her brother, took tenminas of silver, the share of PN2, PN'sdaughter, PN4, PN's son, took ten minas ofsilver, his own share, PN5, his (PN4's)brother, took ten minas of silver, his ownshare, PN2, PN4, and PN5 will not sue PN6and his sons again for their shares CCT5 21a:7-16; 3 TTG ana TtTG.HI.A 5a iStap=kuni umalalma ana mala t&rtika a-qd-ta-ti-kd anaddi I will provide three textilesin order to match the number of textilesthey have deposited, and I will depositthem according to your instructions asyour various shares ICK 1 15:17; for xminas of gold 9a5 qd-ta-tim fuppibit karimharim inumi 3 GUN 40 MA.NA.TA sfG.HI.Aina GN ilqe'ini §a 5 qd-ta-tim u qd-tdm6a PN SU.NIGIN 6 qd-ta-tim alqe I have acertified deed in the bit kdrim entitlingme to five shares - when they had ac-quired in GN three talents forty minas ofwool (for) each (shareholder), I collected(wool) for five shares and also PN's share,

q~tu 12bin all six shares BIN 6 176:2-8, also 11-19,and frequently in texts dealing with OAtrade in wool carried out as a collectiveenterprise by the bit karim in which in-dividual merchants had shares, see Veen-hof Old Assyrian Trade 134f.

b) other occs.: he should receive 21silas of bread and one sila of beer perday ana E.DUB.BA.A alakam iuhissu qd-as-su hitma usdtam ina muhhilu Sukunsend him to school, weigh out his share,provide him with sustenance (I will repaythe barley) CT 2 11:30; annakam qd-tiina GN igdm he bought tin, my share (?),in GN ABIM 20:16; ki qd-as-su ina minimiliku what is his share (?), what is hisilku duty about? BIN 7 12:8; kaspam u,ibassu ina qd-ti-ka talaqqal (or else)you will pay the silver and the intereston it from your own share YOS 2 27:21,cf. ina qd-ta-ti-ku-nu uSamdadkunut (if Ican prove that you (pl.) appropriated thewages of my slaves) I will make you payit from your own shares BIN 7 49:20 (allOB letters); i GfN (Kt.BABBAR) qd-ta-atPN u 1 narkabu (see narkabu) CT 621a:9 (OB); isimmanam(zfD.BULUG4) qa-ta-at LT.ME Hani ahhiunu limtahharu(see maharu mng. 6) ARM 1 134:17; qd-ti-ma PN mutija qd-tum §a PN2 the share (?)of my husband PN is the share of PN2(uncert.) MDP 28 424:6f.; mdru rab4 1 qa-a-ta inassaq ilaqqe u Sa anite qa-ti-§uitu ahheSpu puiru ialli the oldest sontakes for himself the (one-third) share ofhis choice and for his second (one-third)share he casts lots with his brothers KAV2 ii 11 and 13 (Ass. Code B § 1), cf. 2 qa-a-ta[.. .] inassaq ilaqqe ibid. ii 3; zitta ki qa-ti-Su ilaqqe (the posthumous son) takesa share (from the estate of his naturalfather) according to the share due himKAV 1 iv 10 (Ass. Code § 28), cf. the oldestson 2 qa-ta ilaqqma PN i~tu a hheu gehheriiti qa-ta mithdr takes two thirds,(while) PN shares equally with his youngerbrothers KAJ 1:21 and 24; uncert.: mimma

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qitu 13annia . .. ina urkti il-tu ahhe x x qa-ti-4uKAJ 179:22 (MA); PN 2-ni-gu ileqqe u PN2 ki§u-ti-Su ileqqe ina amdti attamannu kiqa-ti-6u-ma ileqqe (of the estate) PN takestwo thirds and PN2 takes according to theshare due him, (and) each takes slavegirls according to the share due him (notek GiR-Su 73:17) HSS 5 72:36ff., cf. HSS 14108:16, also PN GAL u PN2 §E§.TUR kma§u ileqqe SMN 3094:35, also kz [qa]-ti-ninizdz JEN 644:17; minumm HA.LA-Ui ka-as-su-nu §a URU GN their(!) entire share(of the inheritance), their share which isin GN JEN 519:4, cf. (a field) ka-az-zu-um §a PN AASOR 16 65:10, x barley qa-tum Sa PN HSS 9 66:6; 30 MA.NA AN.NAqa-ti-u a PN ina muhhija aib ana PNanandin SMN 2158:9 (all Nuzi); magi qa-te-gi-nu ki ana gire uma[llu] (see girdi Ausage a) LKA 72:11, see TuL p. 46; for putqdti in NB see piitu.

13. item: teretim it&t qa-tam ana ulummdtim ... [...] [let them perform] theextispicy concerning the welfare of theland once RA 66 123:27 (Mari let.), also ibid.29 and 31, cf. if your extispicy is indecisiveana ,u-ka tir CT 31 46:11, also ibid. 4, 15,17, CT 20 47 iii 36 (SB ext.); eli mare ummdni... qa-ta-a-te ahennd ukinma t&reti ki piiten indahharama I assigned separatestations to the scholars and still the omenswere found to be in agreement BorgerEsarh. 82 r. 22; 56,15 §u-ka 45 A.A-k a eli§u-ka 45,56,15 illi (you add) 56,15, youritem, 45, your area, to your item and45,56,15 will result Sumer 18 pl. 3:11 (OBmath.); x dates §a 3 qd-ta-tim a GI§.SARKI.TA from three items from the lowerorchard TCL 17 37:21 (OB let.); one minaof silver SU.TI.A PN KI PN2 qd-ti Kt.BABBAR ha-ar-pu-um IN.NA.AN.SUMborrowed by PN from PN2 , he pays part(of the debt) of the silver .... (the restin linseed) TCL 10 91:4 (OB); x gold qa-ti6aniti second item GCCI 2 343:5 (NB); hewill deliver the dates ina 1-et u x" in onedelivery VAS 3 211:4 (NB).

qitu 15a

14. list - a) in lex.: im. u.gub.ba= uv-u = qa-tum a tup-pi Hg. A II 118, inMSL 7 113, also (explaining mudas2, imsmunedl, imigid, imzid, imgarrd, imampadi, imgipu) ibid. 121-127; im.sar.Aub.ba = Au-u = MIN (= qa-tum) musard,[im.sar.m]u.pa.da = §v-u MIN ibid.119f.; KI.LAM.SU.uru.ginx = KI.LAM ki-ma AU URU Ai. II iii 33.

b) in headings of lists: qd-ti A.§ATLB 1 127:1; qd-tizfD.DA ibid. 133:1, qd-ti§E liqtdtim ibid. 95:1, 96:1, 97:1, 125:1;qd-ti ,e-e ibid. 160:1, 10, YOS 13 189:1, VAS7 135:1, 153:1; qd-ti ERfN.HUN.GA PBS 1356:1, cf. qd-du SE.KIN.KUD list of har-vesters CT 8 lla:1, qd-ti ERIN za-bi-il(?)§a-har.HI.A ibid. 14b:1; qd-ti par CT 4584:1, CT 4 8b:1 (all OB).

c) other occs.: ummaunu . . . ul amatekallim [u] ina qa-ti-ia ul Aarat theirmother is not a slave girl of the palaceand she is not recorded (as such) on mylist ARMT 13 141:9, cf. (uncert.) PN ina e-er-ha-a-ni-im ina qd-ti-im ul ibaSli BIN 729:7; give barley to the naditu womenkima qd-ti-li-na Kienast Kisurra 157:7; a=SSum qd-ti NINDA ... a mahrika qd-tam6udti i [. . .] Kraus AbB 1 6:13f.; fe'am

§udti ana qd-tim amdudma TLB 4 54:9, cf.acar ana qd-tim ippalaru ibid. 21 (all OB);whether Au in the notation u a. tam.e.ne, parallel Au 6 DN at the end ofearly OB lists, e.g., YOS 5 1 vi 30, and passimin this volume, UET 5 809 left edge 5, Au 6. galibid. 820:15, has the meaning "list" or themeaning "jurisdiction" or the like is un-certain; the reading of im. ~u in themeaning "section, paragraph" (see MCTp. 165 s.v.) is unknown.

15. (a unit of measure) - a) of palmfibers: 30 qd-ta-tim a zi-i ubi[lim] sendme thirty q.-s of palm fibers VAS 16 50left edge, cf. 30 qd-ta-tim a ZoT.GI§IMMARPBS 7 82:13 (both OB letters), see LandsbergerDate Palm p. 20.

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qitu 15b

b) of flax: 8 GUN 50 [MA.NA] GADA... PAP 1 lim 20 §U" GCCI 2 300:5, cf.two shekels of silver ana 300 U I" dGADA Nbn. 370:1, for other refs. see kithmng. 2a, note: two thousand q. for 18alhu garments Nbn. 164:23, 750 q. for

two pieces of linen of 12x4 cubits, i.e.,ca. seven and one half q. for one squarecubit Pinches Peek 2:1.

16. qdtum, a qdtim normal quality,current quality, loose amounts - a) Saqdtim (OA): 175 TfJG qadum a liwitim. . . allibbi a qd-tim nad['u] 175 textiles,together with the wrappings, are de-posited among those of ordinary qualityBIN 4 65:17, also ibid. 31; x TjG.HI.A . .Sa qd-tim KT Blanckertz 17:2; 20 T(JG aqd-tim Jankowska KTK 8:11', and passim; (giveme) 20 kutdnlaqd-tim3 kutdnmSIG5 CCT547c:9; qubdti lu damqitim lu a qd-timCCT 4 36a:24, and passim, 1 abarnium 2 qat.nitum 4 9a qd-tim Bohl Leiden Coll. 2 41LB 1201:16, see Veenhof Old Assyrian Trade 120;illuqutim panitim 5 GU URUDU 9 MA.NAia qd-ti-im 8 MA.NA faddu'utum ikul ofthe previous consignment of merchan-dise, x copper (was spent) as "loosecopper," x minas the §addu'utu tax con-sumed BIN4 148:3; possibly in OB: NINDASa §u (for context see akalu usage b-1')Sumer 14 67 No. 42:5.

b) qati: x AN.NA qd-tim loose (?) tinICK 1 73:9, and passim, also AN.NA qd-ti-SuBIN 4 229:13, BIN 6 203:4, CCT 1 38 a:2 and 14,etc., AN.NA qd-ti-kd BIN 4 29:14, cf. xAN.NA a-qd-ti-Su-nu CCT 5 5a:8, also HeckerGiessen 21:4, cf. TuM 1 2b:7, also 2 MA.NAAN.NA i 10 MA.NA URUDU a-qd-ti-Su-nuTuM 1 24e:11 (all OA); exceptionally in OB:

fiq qd-ti regular (?) iqu measure EdzardTell ed-Der 204: 1f., wr. U ibid. 202:1, 203:6,etc., §usip §U ARM 9 280:5, ARM 18 28:6and 9.

c) qdtu: 1 meat 10 kutdng qd-tdm8 kuta i s1s -tim... PN iraddiakkum BIN

qtu4 221: 7, cf. 1 meat kutani qd-tum 10abarni CCT 3 49a:5, etc., see Veenhof OldAssyrian Trade 200.

Goetze, JCS 2 269f. Ad mng. 14: Landsberger,MSL 1 125.

qtu in bel qati s.; craftsman; OAkk.,Akkadogram in Hitt.; cf. qdtu.

a) in OAkk.: be-lu qd-td-tim (sum-marizing personnel receiving rations)MDP 14 71 ii 10.

b) in Hitt.: a plowman, weaver, car-penter, leather worker (summed up as)ku-in EN QA-TI whatever craftsman (con-trasted with LfJ.EL-LU freeman) KBo 54:39, see Friedrich Staatsvertrage 1 58, wr.[EN] QA-TI (var. EN §U-TI) KUB 6 44+ iv42, var. from KUB 19 54:5, see Friedrich Staats-vertrage 1 140; I -TU NAM.RA EN.ME§ QA-TI(var. BE-LU.HI.A [. . .]) KUB 26 43+ :50, var.from ibid. 1617/u 47 (land grant), see Imparati,RHA 32 (1974) p. 30 and 90.

Friedrich Staatsvertrage 1 84 f.

q~tu in bit qiti s.; building wing (usedas workroom or storehouse); NA, NB;wr. syll. and i u("); cf. qdtu.

a) in NA - 1' in private contexts:bitu ep§u ... bitu elz bit abusate A S§kimahhu ina libbi (sale of) an improvedplot (including house, pen, bathhouse),upper room, storehouse, a wing with atomb in it ADD 326:6, cf. 3 §UII.ME§tarbaqu 1 daltu ina libbi ADD 335:2 (coll.S. Parpola), cf. also ADD 341:4, 342:3.

2' of a temple or palace complex:Ninurta Kaka ina §u" imitti bit hisdlni Nusku ina fi §u"I umeli MIN (= bithildni) KAV 42 i 15f., cf. Haja Kusu ina§U" ina tarbaqi ibid. 27, see Frankena Takultu123; Kaka ina ahiri ina E u" ina imitti 8aASur Nusku ina 6ahri ina t Su" 5a SumeliEnlil ina EN §UII "a ina pit Bel-labriaNinurta ina bzt larri Maddnu ina s uvI

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qtu8a ubusdte van Driel Cult of AgAur 98 ix 35ff.;bit karme fa birti E AU" Ltj a pan ekalli§a birti duri (see karammu usage b-2'and discussion) ABL 329:10; SU1I.MESana 6d birt[e] [r]aapa gam[mura] the bitqdti's are completely repaired for theofficial of the garrison Iraq 25 74 No. 67:19;2 Bgbe ina pani §u" S'a arri E LIfLGIBIL (?) Sumer 30 64 A 14; gU I" a SANGAibid. B 1, cf. 19; they are eating and drinking(improperly) ina E UII.MES a tamkdriKAV 197:54; takpirtu dannutu ina muhhi

I Bu" a L(f.SAG.ME§-ni ussetiq I per-formed an efficacious cleansing ritualover the bit qdti of the palace officialsABL 970 r. 3, cf. ina E u" Sa LO.SAG.ME Parpola LAS No. 342:2; x hurasu sakrux la sakru ina u" SIa Lf galdanibdtissakna he put three minas of refined (?)and four of unrefined (?) gold in the bitqdti of the confectioner ABL 114:20;anutu ammar ina l[ibbiS]u iktirik ina E§U".ME§-[i]a [i]k-ta-[ra-ar] K. 978 r. 4(courtesy K. Deller); dullu eppal [. . .] uuruptu [§a Sarr]i ina libbi issen E uv"

[...] dli pahhura I am performing therites, and the [...] and the funeralburning [of the king] are gathered into asingle bit qdti of the city ABL 378:14, seeParpola LAS No. 195; as workroom: ina EgU" a Sarri ackdpu ue ubu Senu eppuuthey assign leather workers to the bit qdtiof the king and they are making shoesKAV 197:48; (tin and antimony brought astribute) mimma anniu ana E qa-te [...]KAJ 274:16; ina ~E U" (in broken context)ABL 319:9, 329 r. 2, 1188:4.

b) in NB letters from the time of theSargonids: ina E un-ka taltaknu mammatuppiul ikillakka you (pl.) have deposited(the tablets) in your (sing.) bit qdti, no oneshould withhold any tablets from you CT22 1:33 (let. of Asb.); enna ad2 itti ahheaina B.GAL mdsarti §U I" eppu (seemdAartu in ekal mdlarti) Thompson Rep.240:9; redzja ... a umaliru' UII.MEki add ABL 866 r. 10.

qituc) in later NB - 1' as temple store-

house: barley ultu E qa-ti ana kissatuimmeri Nbn. 732:2, cf. VAS 6 173:9, wr.E §U II Nbn. 361:1, Evetts Ner. 51:11, Camb.40:4, and passim; barley ultu E qa-tum ababi 82-7-14,1161:4; beams (?) ana bitqem&ti E SUII.MES u ana GN (see qemi inbit qeimti) TCL 9 121:13; x vats of beerin the storehouse x dannu ikari .. . inaE qa-ti (accounted for) CT 22 96:6 (let.);dates ultu uSv (parallel: ultu Sutummu)82-7-14,58:2, cf. Nbn. 370:6, 912:2, Pinches Peek5a:2; (wool) ultu E §uII a babi ibid.5b:3, cf. Nbn. 664:2, 785:2, cf. 415:3, (dye-plants) Nbn. 413:2, Camb. 11:5, wr. E qa-tum82-7-14,874:4, (linen) CT 2 2:12f., Nbn. 137:6,1121:16, (garments) Nbn. 290:1, (arrows)82-7-14,1223:2; for silver: kaspu ultu kaspi

a ina § 1 u" Nbn. 337:6, also 161:10, 245:10,824:20, qa-bu-ut ina UII" Nbn. 1043:7, VAS4 41:11; kaspu ... ina hindi ina E §U 1

Nbn. 673:16, (gold) Nbn. 394:2, (iron) Nbn. 571:37,41, 44, 684:4; (bronze and tin) ultu f §u"ana nerebi a immeri a bit Bunene Nbn.471:3; rations for LO.ERIN.ME§ Sa E §UYOS 7 16:12; B u" epuItu 6upalitu VAS15 48:8, 12, 15, §u 1 elenitu a e[lenu]] Su 11 1[ [udtu] VAS 15 36:9f., cf. ibid. 11,48:7.

2' of private persons: a built-on plotwith a wing and an upper story on itE " u bit rugubuu eputu Sa ina bdbnerebi a E.IRI 1 .GAL BRM 2 44:3, cf. ibid.20f., 48:2; bit kari u E qa-tum (rented) VAS5 145:2, also §u" a bit assuppuTuM 2-3 30:1; bitu a PN. .. ina libbi bltuad bztu pa-ni u(!) §u" a ina tarbaqu

(rented) Evetts Ner. 29:3; bitu 6ad Sa inaIutummu ... i §u a PN (sold) VAS 552:4; (rent me that storehouse for thirtyyears) ina E §u I Sudtu lurub u lili inalibbiXu u mimma gabbi Sa LO ri-du Sd ta-din anawar u anaddakka let me havefree access to this storehouse, and what-ever .... I will take care of and give(back) to you VAS 15 31:10; elevenshekels Szm 8 u II" 6udti gamru elat ru

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qAtu

gubulu BRM 2 39:17, cf. (twenty shekels) ibid.9:11, (25 shekels) ibid. 30:12, (fifty shekels) VAS15 36:14; A §U 1I a irib biti VAS 15 48:5;

u §U" a ati Sa ina libbi mil a §u 1

udti BRM 2 9:4, of. ibid. 30:5, S§UnI-Sueputu a ina bdbi §a Anu his bit qti,completed, (located) at the Anu gate BRM2 39:2, also 9:2, 30:2, VAS 15 31:3, 48:3, andpassim, see Falkenstein Topographie 14 f., 36f.;uncert.: 4 ummdnu ina muhhi uru a bdbDN u bb flliru uSabbat u rihit ummdnuina i UII.ME-iu-nu uSabbatu he willlodge four artisans on the roofs of the DNgate and of the Illiru gate, and the restof the artisans in their (the gates') wingsYOS 7 5:9.

qitu in la bit q&ti s.; official in chargeof the storehouse; NB; wr. Sa fSu(; cf. qatu.

PN Sd M §u" mimma mddu ultu bit [kare]ina muhhija usi PN, the official in thebit qdti, took (illegally) many things fromthe storehouse in my charge TCL 13 170:6,of. ibid. 17; barley ana kurummat ummdnuPN Id AU 11 Nbn. 984:6, also (same person)PN Sd §U 82-7-14,254:10, Nbn. 840:3, cf. CT22 14:26, (same person) Nbn. 407:3, also YOS 7143:6, (same person) BIN 1 174:28, cf. also Camb.256:3, YOS 6 229:49f.

qatu in Aa pan bit qati s.; overseer ofthe storehouse; NA*; cf. qatu.

LJ Sa pan u§I a [. . .] the overseerof the bit qdti of the [. . .] ABL 875:8.

qitu in la qti s. fem.; 1.2. hand towel; EA, RS, NA;and Sa gU(.ME§); cf. qtu.

bracelet,wr. syll.

1. bracelet: 1 §u Sa §u zintu huldiadi 6 ina minUti hurda uhhuzu one set (?)

of bracelets (made) of genuine huldlustone beads, numbering six, set in goldEA 22 ii 9, also, wr. S[a qa]-t[i] EA 27: 111,

a §U.ME§ EA 29:183, 186, 188; 27 indtu

qitummahuldl fadi hurda uhhuza Sa U 27 beadsof genuine hulalu stone, set in gold, (as ?)bracelets (?) EA 25 ii 18, cf. 19ff. (all lettersof TuSratta); 2 tapal semer Sepe u a vu-tihurdqi Iuqultalunu 6 meat 28 two pairsof anklets and bracelets of gold weighing628 (shekels) MRS 6 183 RS 16.146+ :5;2 a SUII.ME§ eri two copper braceletsADD 964 r. 11 (NA).

2. hand towel: the servant T1YG Sd§UII.ME sa'urate imahhar zakudte iddanremoves the soiled (?) hand towels andproffers clean ones MVAG 41/3 62 ii 19(NA rit.).

q5tu in ~St qati s.; manacles; OB, Mari,SB; cf. qatu.

gat qa-ti, illurtu = ii qa-ti Malku I 93f.; [i]S-qa-tu (var. gat qa-tu) = bi-ril-[tu] ibid. 94a.

awleI unuti kussdma ga-at qa-[tim]pddagunutima arrest these men and lockthem in manacles ARM 1 28:31, cf. PN(<TA> a-at qa-tim apddakluma ... attar:daSSu ARM 5 31:12; PN... 1 L$ GI§ ga-atqa-tim pad... ikudunim PN (and) a manin manacles arrived ARM 14 53:8, cf. ibid. 24;PN Sa alpika naii a-a-at qd-tim imha.uma. . . itri TCL 17 1:23 (OB let.); ina iqtiSat qa-ti 6igdri utammihma I held him inhandcuffs(?), manacles, and shacklesAynard Asb. 36 ii 19, also Bauer Asb. 2 15 iv 12,wr. GIg Sat qa-ti (var. ina gi i i-qa-tiparzilli birzti parzilli) Piepkorn Asb. 48 iii 2,for vars. see iq qdti.

qtfl in la qatf adj.; unending, unceasing;SB; cf. qati v.

nam.ti.la urs kin. a 6.ga nu.til.le.da : ba-lat na-mar ka-bat-ti la qa-ta-a a life of unendingbright mood 4R 12 r. 11f., see 4R Add. p. 2.

tetirma hi.ba la qa-ta-a qa-ri-ra teptiyou .... unceasing abundance, youopened .. .. AfO 19 65 iii lower portion 8.

qatumma see qdtamma.

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qatunu

qatunu s.; (a plant); SB.*fT qa-tu-nu 8a ad (between tigil and

sibru, in list of medicinal substances)Kocher BAM 254:15.

qatfitu s.; finishing; MB*; cf. qate v.6undti itanamm[aru] u qa-tu-tu Sa E.x

ana hamdiu iteld they keep havingdreams and the finishing of the [...]temple(s) has come up (in the dreams)five times JCS 6 144 r. 4 (let. from Telmun).

*qatipu see qatapu.

qalf v.; to approach; NB*; Aram. lw.;I *iqa(fa.

mannu arkci a illmma ana nard anndi-qut-fu-i u a MU ara ipa iftuma lumuila(fari (may the gods curse) anyone whoin the future appears and approaches thisstela and who erases (my) name andwrites his own name Weissbach Misc. pl. 4iii 6 (inscr. of Aama-red-uur, governor of Suhi).

von Soden, Or. NS 46 192.

qit s.; woodcutter; NB*; Aram. lw.The gods of my lord know (I swear)

ki tuppi u tuppi agd 2 hallimanu ana L1tqa-DI-e ana muhhi samullu la apura thatduring that period I sent two rafts tothe woodcutters to (fetch) the samulluwood ABL 462:10.

See also qettd'u.von Soden, Or. NS 37 264.

q'u see kd'u.

qawali (or kawali) s.; (a container);MB Alalakh*; Hurr. word; Hurr. pl.qawalena.

3 qa-wa-le-na hur6gi (between golddlhu's and gold lahannu bottles) Wise-

man Alalakh 390:2.

Probably to be connected with kawalzuru, q.v.

qeberuqazan (kazan) s.; (mng. uncert.); MBAlalakh*; Hurr. word.

21 chairs qa-za-an-e-na u 4 paiureqa-za-an-e-na-am of q. and four tablesalso of q. Wiseman Alalakh 420:2 and 4; seealso ibid. 435:16 ft., cited kazan.

qazpu see qaspu.

qeberu (qabdru) v.; 1. to bury the dead,2. to bury (objects), to cover up, hide,3. to roll up in a cloth or reed mat inpreparation for burial, 4. qubburu tobury, 5. qubburu to roll up, 6. IV tobe buried; from OB on; I iqbir - iqebbir(iqabbir), 1/2, II, 11/2, IV; cf. naqbaru,qabbiru, qabru, qebru, qubirtu, qubiru.

[ki].ti m = qe-be-rum Nabnitu XXIII 205;ki. tim = qe-be-ru 5R 16 r. ii. 43 (group voc.);ki. tu-un(text -AB)tiim = te-me-rum, ki.tiim.ak.a =qe-be-ru Erimhul VI 30 f.

gur = MIN (= la-wu-u) Id fqu-ub-bu-ril Nabnitu0 267; [gu]r.gur = qub-bu-r[u] Nabnitu XXIII213.

nigin sag.iti.nu.til.la urugal.la.al ki.anu.tum.ma : izbu kubu §[a ina qabri] la qeb-ruASKT p. 82-83:13f., see AOAT 1 4; for anotherbil. ref. see mng. 5.

tu-qab-bar 5R 45 K.253 viii 35.

1. to bury the dead - a) as a piousdeed and obligation: urri u midi eliSuabki ul addiu ana qe-be-ri-im ibrimanitabbiam ana rigmija day and night Iwept over him, I did not give him up forburial, would that my friend would riseat my wailing Gilg. M. ii 6, also Gilg. X v 15,ana q-be-ri addinunuti (in broken con-text) ADD 941 iii 9; mdra uSmdtma abui-qab(var. -qa-ab)-bir-iu arka aba u mdtma qe-bi-ra ul ii I will put the son todeath and the father will bury him, laterI will put the father to death and therewill be no (son left) to bury him CagniErra IV 97 f.; atta efemmu la mammanamaa q-bi-ra u sa-qi-ra la tSzi2 you ghost,

without any (family), who have nobodyto bury you or speak your name KAR227 iii 28, dupl. LKA 89 r. i 20, see TuL p. 132:54;

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qeberuquhdram istin lurabbima umma andkumaana qe-be-ri-ja lirbia I would like to raisea youngster, thinking: Let him grow upto bury me BIN 7 41:27 (OB let.); [in]a jmePN . . . [i]llaku ana §zmt[i a5ar iqabbii-qab-bi-ru-ui -[ma] igallalu ema bibillibbi[§u] when PN dies they will bury himwherever he indicates so that he maylie where he wishes ADD 647 r. 22; SAL.E.GAL.ME§ iraggam[a ma] alkani SAL. .GAL mdratkina [lu] [ta-qabl-bi-ra they callup the (spirits of the former) queens,saying: Come and bury the queen, yourdaughter ZA 45 44:41 (NA rit.), cf. taklit.talunu kallumat qa-ab-ru bakiju ABL437:15, also lantuha la-aq-bi[r] (in brokencontext) ZA 52 226:16 (all NA); enjma imdtibakkiu u i-qe-eb-bi-ir-iu when he (theadoptive father) dies, he (the adoptedson) will wail over him and bury himHSS 9 22:15, also HSS 19 11:24, RA 23 144No. 9:16 (all Nuzi); note enu[ma] PN [BA.U]G6 .ME§ U PN2 [u] PN 3 ibakkiu [u] li-qe-eb-bi-[ir] HSS 19 28:24; ahmaham i-qa-bi-ru either will bury the other MDP 28425:15 (partnership agreement); note referringto an animal as substitute: rSAL+A1+QARkima balitti tukan[nadma te-qeb-bir-Ai youtreat the kid gently as if it were aliveand then you bury it LKA 79:28, cf. LKA80:12 (NA rit.), see TuL p. 69 f.

b) (negated) to leave unburied (aspunishment or in curses): ina iqi izaq=qupui la i-qa-ab-bi-ru-li they impale herand leave her unburied KAV 1 vii 97 and101 (Ass. Code § 52); pagar qurddiLun ina laqe-be-ri uJdkil zibu I let jackals eat thecorpses of their warriors left unburiedBorger Esarh. 58 v 6, cf. pagaru ina la qe-be-ri liba$6iru kalbu (see ba4dru mng. 2)ADD 646 r. 31 and 647 r. 31 (Asb.), see PostgateRoyal Grants Nos. 9 and 10:64, cf. (Sargon)ina bztiSu la qeb-ru Eretz Israel 5 154:9;pagardu aj addin ana q-be-ri Streck Asb.62 vii 45; ina ungi u bubiti napitu6 liqtilimqut almassuma qi-bi-ra aj irli mayhis life come to an end through oppression

qeberuand hunger, may his corpse be cast asideand may there be no one to bury (him)BBSt. No. 36 vi 55, also No. 9 ii 25; Iuma kisittiu qe-bir NU TUK (whoever takes awaythe tablet) will have no son, descendant,or anyone to bury him Hunger KolophoneNo. 91:7.

c) other occs.: PN .. . ina GN mitmaqe-bi-ir PN, having died in GN, is buried(there) BE 14 8:15 (MB), cf. [. .. x]-x-kaqe-bi-ir TCL 18 81:10 (OB let.); imdtmaina la dliu qe-bi-ir TIM 9 79:4 (OB ext.);fPN imit ina UD.13.KAM iq-be-e-ru-iDalley Edinburgh 21:6 (OB); ki m tdkau ekdnuli-iq-bi-ru-in-ni when I die, where shouldthey bury me? CT 54 1 r. 10 (NB let.); inaraqqati §a GN qe-bir he was buried in theswamp of GN King Chron. 2 52:6, also ibid. 4and 56:14; [a] ina um .tuhdi irb2 ina um3ummi i-qab-[bi-ru-Su] he who grew upduring a time of plenty will be buried ina time of want (lit. thirst) Cagni Erra IIc 19;ummu Sa urabbInu iq-bi-ra [mdra]6a themother herself who had brought up herson buried him STT 71:54 (NA lit.), see RA 53137; ir-bir kakki mdhiija ina qdt qe-bi-ri-jamarra ilcim he (Marduk) shattered theweapon of the one who was about to smiteme, he took the spade from the hand ofhim who was ready to bury me Ugaritica 5162:43'; baltussu ina ergeti te-qeb-bir-malumuniupatir STT 89:179; uncert.: [qe]retimar Bdbili mu-x-[. . .] bit qe-be-ri-Suepulu ina qeret[i .. .] Lambert BWL 58:28.

2. to bury (objects), to cover up, hide -a) stelas, etc.: Sa temmenja u nareja. . . ina eperim i-qe-bi-ru whoever coversmy foundation documents and my stelaswith earth AOB 1 24 v 19 (8ami-Adad I),also, wr. i-qa-bi-ru-ui AKA 249 v 59 (Asn.),i-qeb-bi-ru BBSt. No. 5 iii 20 (Merodachba-ladan I), ina epri ta-q[ab-bi-ra-ni] WisemanTreaties 412.

b) figurines and other objects used inrit. or magic: galmdnija ina KI.MAH mititaq-bi-ra you have buried figurines of me

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qeberuin a grave with a dead person Maqlu IV31, ina KI.MAH ... te-qeb-bir KAR 224 r. 9,cf. RA 18 20 No. 15:3, also qalmdnija ... inaerreti iq-bi-ru Speleers Recueil 312:13; galsmdnija ina titurri taq-bi-ra-ma ummdnuuabbisu ... . almdnija ina burg ,a aldki<<burta taptd> taq-bi-ra . .. almanija inaiki §a nukarribi burta taptd taq-bi-ra youburied figurines of me on a causeway sothat people stepped upon (them), yourolled figurines of me in a fuller'sreed mats, you made a hole in the gar-dener's dike and buried figurines of mein it Maqlu IV 36-38, cf. ibid. 50-52, [lu ina]gilli balti lu ina qilli addgi burta tepettimate-qeb-bir-ti CT 23 20 ii 15, cf. KAR 234:24,see Or. NS 24 260 and 268, Kocher BAM 323:61;(the figurines) ina erreti ta-qe-bir-u-nu-ti Or. NS 39 136 r. 4, also LKA 156:18, inabiti te-qe-bir LKA 154 r. 20, ina tubqi durite-qeb-bir-li 4R 56 ii 26, ina samit durita-qeb-bir Gray §ama pl. 6 r. 9, see LaesseeBit Rimki 59:98, also PBS 1/1 15:26, ina harbinaditi te-qe-bir-di Kocher BAM 323:38, inabdbi i-qe-bir LKA 144 r. 13, cf. KAR 61:18;the man's spittle ina KI te-qeb-bir KAR43:9 and dupl. 63:9; dir-rat KUA.TAB.BA ta-qeb-bir you bury the .... of the skin(of the black bull) RAcc. 14 ii 32; notetikmennaunu ina reiunu te-qeb-bir youbury their ashes at their heads AfO 18 110col. B 7.

c) other occs.: ki niduku ina tidduni-iq-te-bir after we had killed (the stolenducks) we buried (them) in the mud Iraq13 96:13, cf. iq-bi-ri ibid. 17 (NB leg.).

3. to roll up in a cloth or reed mat inpreparation for burial: pagar alpi Igduina iten TJG.KUR.RA sami ta-qeb-bir youroll up the body of this ox in a redcloth RAcc. 14 ii 19; see also Maqlu IV 37,cited mng. 2b.

4. qubburu to bury: enuma PN imdtau PN2 ibakki u -qa-ab-bar-[S]u when PN(the adoptive father) dies, PN2 (theadopted son) will mourn over him and

qeberubury him HSS 19 39:11, also (text corrupt) ibid.38:26, cf. immatime PN imtut u PN2 ibakk6uma u uq-te-bi-ir-Ju JEN 59:23; kzam elmeummami §a-la(text -ta)-am-ta-lu ina qu=bdtim u-qa-ab-<bi>-ru-ma ana Habur izibuinanna §alamtaSu ul utta u qaqqassu inaGN akin qaqqassu iq-qa-ab-bi-ir u ina ajimSlim iq-qa-ab-bi-ir u agar iq-qa-ab-bi-ruina kidim ina libbi dlim iq-qa-ab-bi-ir uinuma nu-qa-ab-ba-ru- u ina terim nu-qa-ab-ba-ar-Su thus I heard: They haverolled up his body in a cloth and con-signed it to the Habur river. Now I cannotfind his body, but his head is in GN - shallhis head be buried, and in which cityshall it be buried, and, wherever it isburied, shall it be buried inside or outsidethe city, and, whenever we bury it, shallwe bury it in the regular way? ARM 637 r. 4'-14'; nabrar rapu ana qub-bu-ri-u-nu ihliq (see nabrar) 3R 8 ii 100(Shalm. III); obscure: [.. .] = i-qa-ab-barSTT 403:32 (comm. to Labat TDP Tablet III),cf. u-qa-bar-6u (apod., in broken context)KAR 423 r. ii 69 (SB ext.); uncert.: [e(la(?)q]u(or [g]u)-ub-bu-ru u-qab-bar[. . .] nupspu.u unappasu (parallel: §uggusu uAaggalLKU 33:29) PBS 1/2 113 i 15 (Lamastu).

5. qubburu to roll up - a) in prepara-tion for burial: e.ne.em.mA.ni GI.KID.MAH.Am ama dumu.bi Au.ba mi.ni.ib.gur.re : amassu umma mdrtu kzmabure [i-qab]-bar his (Enlil's) word is(like) a reed mat (in which) a mother rollsher child with her own hand SBH p. 7No. 4:24f., and parallels, see Landsberger DatePalm 33; see also ina Qubdtim uqabbirumaARM 6 37 r. 5', cited mng. 4.

b) other occ.: ushi sikcktiki qu-ub-bi-ri qeki (0 Lamatu) pull up your (tent)pegs, roll up your (tent) ropes 4R 56 iii 47.

6. IV to be buried: the housebreaker[ina pani pi]lim iq-q[a-b]i-ir will beburied at the breach (for context seeqabru) Goetze LE § 60:37, see Landsberger,David AV 102; see also ARM 6 37 r. 9'-11',

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qebru qemucited mng. 4; Jalamtalu ina qaqqari aj KU = qe-fel-[mu], upu[ntu], magh[atu] A 1/4:7ff.;iq-qe-bir let his body not be buried in NIO.DA.ME§ = qe-mu Practical Vocabulary Assur

... 162, NfG.DA.ME§ sad-ru ibid. 163, also (with Sathe ground MDP 6 pl. 10 vi 21, also p. 43 ii 162, Nfa.DA.ME sad-r ibid. 163, also (withSIGh, a UD-e, f, hatamli) ibid. 164f.14 (MB kudurrus); na kimdi ud tu ul iq- ba-b-barU = = ka-pa-rum) d ZD.DA A III/3:73;qeb-bir he will not be buried in that grave mu-uKAXKU = MIN (= te-e-nu) fd ZfD.DA AntagalLabat Calendrier § 41:7, cf. ibid. § 41':6, 12, 16, III 232; na 4 .ur 5 .zi.da = (erm) qi-me Hh. XVI32, also § 2:7, 9, ina la bztiiu iq-qe-bir ibid. RS Recension 202.

. [zi. lu.ub.gar], [zi ... ], [zi.ninda].§ 65:10; ina ai i-qe-bir he will be buried rkaskal = qi-me(var. -im) gi-di-tum Hh. XXIIIin the city Dream-book 331:17, cf. ina KI v 4ff.; [zi.dub.du]b.bu = qi-me(var. -[i]m) ma-ul <iq>-qe-bir ibid. 327:71, restored after line aq-qi-tum, MIN si-ir-qi ibid. 8f., [zi.sur].ra =

78, cf. ibid. 328:80; there will be an epidemic MIN MIN ibid. 10; [zi.si].gar = qi-me (var.mztu ul iq-qeb-bir AfO 17 81 r. ii 11 (astrol.). [qi]-im) -i-ga-ri ibid. 12; see also edad ; for

varieties and qualifications in lex. see Hh. XXIIIIn the omen 6umma amutu imittaa u: Fragm. h 5ff. and col. v 1ff., and hamSu, isqiqu,

mela GIM 4(?) ug-da-bir-ma eli [. . .] King kukkuu, ma.hatu, napi adj., peu adj., samidu,sasq , siku, almu, upeltu, takkasu, tappinnu,

Chron. 2 129:7, the verb may have to be tumagu, ulu innu, upuntu, zisurra; for containersinterpreted as a var. to uktabbir, from see kirgunnu, karpatu lex. section; see also (forkabdru. spoilage) kalmatu, lapdtu lex. section.

See also qubburu adj. zid [Ae.m]u9 5 nig.gig gidim.ma.kex(KID)zid.[gig.b]a nig.gig dingir.re.e.ne.ke :

qebru (qabru) adj.; buried; SB; cf. q-e[m] egi i ikkib etemme q[ -e]m [kib]ti ikkibildni (see ikkibu lex. section) Iraq 27 165f.:50 ff.

qeberu. (inc.), restored from dupl. K.166+ :13ff. cited ibid.lu.ki.nu.tim.ma = la qe4 -e-eb-rum OB Lu A p. 169, cf. zid se.in.nu.HA u u.me.ti : qe-em

292; ki.tum.ma = [qebru] AntagalA 190; [g]il. inninni leqema ibid. 54f.; zid d§E.TIR ki.ga =mur = i-[rgil-um qd-ab-ru Proto-Kagal E Bil. Sec- qe-em anan elleti (block the outer door with ation 59. line of) pure cereal flour CT 17 1:9f.; zid u.me.

gidim lu.ki.nu.tum.ma h6.me.en : lu ni.hur : qe-ma te[qir] RA 65 127 r. i 17; zid.etemmu la qeb-rum MIN (= atta) should you be a zu gil.hur.am : qe-mu-ka gilhuru AfO 11 366ghost of someone unburied CT 16 10 v 5f. Sm. 814+ :13f., cf. ibid. 5f.; kalam.ma zid.

i.dul nu.i.dul : qeb-ru la qeb-[ru] ginx(aIM) mu.mu.mes : mdtu kima qe-me(var.(a ghost) buried or unburied ASKT -mi) iqamm. they grind the land like flour CT

16 14 iv 20f., cf. Lugale V 47; na 4 .u.a ...p. 86-87:8, see AOAT 1 6:81, cf. lu efemmu zfd.gin, h6.mu.e.dub.bu.de.en : ammu ...qeb-ru lu etemmu la qeb-ru KAR 21:7 and kima zfD litbukuka may they pour you, "plantCT 23 16:23, see Or. NS 24 248, dupl. Kocher BAM stone," out like flour Lugale X 11.230:33. ZfD.§E.MU§ 5 II /igiau qi-me ubbulu BRM 4 32:8

(med. comm.); BI LtPi eu zfD // paruru a qe-miqlu see qdlJNES 33 336:4 (med. comm.).

qelu see qdlu.a) rations, distribution, econ. use -

*qemitu see *qemu. 1' in OAkk., early OB: x m& .zid.dax (men assigned to load) flour on boats

qemtl see qams B. Reisner Telloh 173 r. 4; x z fd (includingbappir, nig.har.ra, munux, zid,

qmu s.; flour; from OAkk. on; wr. syll. zid.KAL) Nikolski 80:8; x zid gur MDPand ZfD(.DA), (ZI.DA AfO 24 87ff., Labat 14 p. 99 No. 52:8, and passim in OAkk., note:Suse 11 vi 22, MB Elam); cf. qam B, qemu ZfD.BA (Akk. reading unknown) Gelb OAICin bit qemi, qemu a arri, *qem. 53:14; x zfD A An-timx(DIN) ARM 19

zize-", [zfd].da -da = qe-mu Hh. XXIII Fragm. 219:1, 325:1.h 3 f. (from Ras Shamra); zi-i KU = qe-e-mu Sb 1 157;zi-i KU, e KU = qe-e-mu Ea I 172 f.; [zi-id] [KU] = 2' in OA: q-mu-um 1 DUG u 2 DUG[q-m]u = (Hitt.) zfD.DA-an S Voc. G 13; ze-e lim huranni let one or two karpatu meas-

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ures of flour be ready for me KTS 2a:21;1 DUG qe-ma-am ... addin TCL 20 172:1;lu qe-mu-um lu arldtum alar 4e'um ibaSiueiribamapi'a (see arldtu usage a) CCT 314:13; see also naruqqu mng. 2.

3' in OB: 5 SILA qe-mu-um ukul PNUET 5 688:6 and 10; X SILA ZfD.DA PAD PNBirot Tablettes 19:12, cf. ibid. 15:4, X SILAZfD.DA fa PAD LJ U X SILA ZID reddYOS 13 131:2f.; 2 (BAN) 3 SILA ZfD.DAandku alqeam 2 (BAN) ZID.DA PN ublam(totaled as kurummatu) TLB 4 69:5f., andpassim; X SILA ZfD.DA Sa ana ERIN bitawiim innadnu ZI.GA NfI.§U PN YOS 13367:1, cf. TLB 1 103:1, 104:1, 105:1, PBS 8/2175:4, 13, 209:11, 228:11, VAS 7 159:1, 8; XzfD.DA (total of ZID.SAG and zfD.~E)TLB 1 133:9, cf. ZfD.DA (total of ZfD.SAGand zfD.I§) YOS 13 176:8, cf. ibid. 13f.,177:4, 7f.; kurummatam ul il 2 (BAN)ZfD.DA U I SILA §amnam ~ibilam TCL 18124:24 (let.); 1 (PI) 4 (BAN) ZfD.DA aqdti quhdrdtim gibilam ibid. 137:14, cf. VAS16 89:23, YOS 2 106:15; 3 (BAN) ZfD.DAultdbilam bit beltija u bit il biti liSdkiluI am sending x flour, they should providethe house of my mistress and the templeof the family god with food CT 6 39b:10;3 (BAN) ZfD.DA U 6 SILA NINDA a qtimina naruqqim kunkamma Sumer 14 67 No.42:5, cf. ZfD.DA (beside NINDA) JCS 11107 No. 2:17; 1 (PI) ZfD U DUH.UD.DU.Alu ersu x flour and dry bran should beready Kraus AbB 1 29:9; 5 GUR ZfD.DA reSzliki YOS 2 142:7, also MDP 18 248 r. 4; anazfD.DA utunim qdtam altakan PBS7 62:18 (all letters); x ZfD.DA ana t nimKI PN PN2 u PN3 §U BA.AN.TI UD.EBUR.EZID.DA I.AG.E.MES PN2 and PN3 havereceived x flour from PN for grinding,they will measure out the flour at harvesttime VAS 9 53:1 and 9 (tablet) = 54 (case); PN uPN, . . ZfD.DA ana PAD ippuu [in]addisnunidim CT 48 80:8, see Kraus, AbB 7 189;3 EZEN amaS 3 (BAN) ZfD.DA 3 UZUipaqqid he will provide (the naditu) withx flour and three portions of meat at

qemuthree gamaS festivals BE 6/1 42 case 12,also ibid. 39:13, CT 47 42:19, etc., 4 EZEN2 (BAN) ZfD.DA.TA u milertam ipaqqissiBA 5 486 No. 2 r. 3, cf. 508 No. 42 r. 4, CT 4764:18; x zfD.DA (among foodstuffs andobjects for a funerary offering) CT 4599:3; zfD (in heading of ledger besideuzu meat and KA§ beer) TCL 11 249:1;a door for KA GAXNUN ZID.DA the door-way of the flour storehouse Birot Tablettes37:15.

4' in Mari, Shemshara: ZfD.DA Uimmerdtim niqam ana DN ina GN ezibamI left flour and sheep, the offering to DN,in GN ARM 14 11:5; ZfD.DA U billatam ananaptandt birtim a GN (see billatu mng. 2a)ARM 4 81:33; boats full of billitam uZID(translit. ZI).DA ana t DN Jean, RRS1937 106:10 (translit. only); ZfD.DA Sa inapanitim ... uteinu kalmatum iltapat ZiD.DA mddum irabbib inanna ana puhat zfD.DA-SU <ia> ina nalpakim irabbibu .... zfD.DA-§u ana abbi bitim limmadidma ... uZID.DA-ni 5 a ana kurummat awile itennuana nadpakim lidpukuma ri~ ~gbim tillatimzfD.DA-[n]i 5 likil vermin have infestedthe flour that they had had ground pre-viously, much of the flour is spoiled(?),now as replacement for the flour that wasspoiled (?) in the storehouse let his (PN's)flour be distributed to the intendants (forthe palace personnel) and have them storein the storehouse our flour which theywere to grind for the personnel's allot-ment, so that our flour will be availableto the allied troops ARM 14 74:5ff.; aMumqidit LJ GN u pi 6atim ... qdbam anaZID.DA U 1.BA mahdrim aftardam ARMT13 57:11; ina 8 GUR ZfD.DA . . . 3 GURNINDA PN mahir 4i GUR NINDA Sa inabitifu iklh ARM 7 263 iii 14; aSHum iditiunu... ina zfD u NINDA emi ... muttatamNINDA U muttatam [zfD1 ana idbim warhiamma littaddinuunilim concerningtheir provisions, have them give thetroops each month half bread and halfflour from the flour and the sourdough

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bread ARM 1 60:12 and 14, cf. [aumZf]D.DA ana gidit qdbim sakdpim ARM 327:5, cf. ibid. 7, [ina l]ibbi zfD.DA §Atu[m]imma §a akdlim []kulu ibid. 10; a umZfD.DA ana Mari uqalpfm ... kimanaparti b[eli]ja zfD.DA [ana Mari uS ]qa[lp] m as for having the flour broughtdownstream to Mari, I had the flourbrought downstream to Mari in accord-ance with my lord's instructions ARM 1443:4 and 8; [Zf]D.DA umalldi[ndti] I willload them (the boats) with flour ARM 327:22; nakkamatum rzqa le'um qe-mu-um ulibaMi e'am qe-ma-am arhi §ufiam thestorehouses are empty, there is no barleyor flour, have barley and flour broughthere promptly Studies Landsberger 194:47f.(Shemshara let.), cf. ibid. 59, §a uMfSm hem uqe-me-em epuL Laessoe Shemshara Tablets 80SH 812:35.

5' in MB: itu Nippur giditz ZfD.DAU GU.GAL.ME§ IUpuduma let them make upprovisions from Nippur, (namely) flourand chick peas PBS 1/2 70:12 (let.); 8abel zfD.DA u arsani Szikula iSpura (ducksand geese) that my lord instructed me tofeed flour and groats ibid. 54:14; ZfD.DA... a ina libbi hirgal §a GN PN ana napstani flour, which is from the hirgaliflour from GN (issued to) PN for the foodallotment PBS 2/2 66:1; 1 (PI) 4 (BAN)q-e-mu Iraq 11 145 No. 5:23; PN itti ZfD.DAlillik have PN come with the flour (com-prising zfD 6ibri and zfD.TUR.TUR) PBS1/2 31:14 (let.), see also gehheru; barley,emmer, wheat adi x zfD.DA (receivedby the miller) BE 15 132:25; x barley fPNana ZID.DA ina nikkassi ZfD.DA ul iddin§u-d ippal (received by) fPN for (making)flour, he did not enter it in the accountingfor the flour, he is responsible (?) ibid.39:15, cf. NfG.EID ZfD.DA PBS 2/2 118:59;(barley) PN ana ZfD.DA iddin ibid. 58:9, alsoBE 15 47:7; ZfD.DA bandi DUG.GAL.ME§ §amaltiti u kapri lu mddu (see kapru B) Aro,WZJ 8 567 HS 110:7 (let.); ZfD.DA DUG.GALUDU.NITA (heading of ledger) BE 15 149:2,

qemuSE.BAR ZfD.DA KA§ DUG ibid. 154:1, cf.

PBS 2/2 91:1; total: x §E.ZfD.DA §E.KA§U §E.DUG GIS.BAN.GAL aklu Petschow MBRechtsurkunden 30:21; see also aklu B.

6' in Nuzi, MB Alalakh: barley anamundi u ana ZfD.DA.ME§ RA 23 157 No.60:11, cf. x barley ana ebiri ana ZfD.DA.ME u ana mundi ana qdt PN nadnu HSS9 127:1; ZfD.DA ana maqhati HSS 14 181:11;ZID.DA §a PAD.ME consisting of kibtu,ziriu, billu) ibid. 165:6, cf. ibid. 68:6, HSS 1332:11 and p. 98, 347:51; x parisi ZfD.DAie'am JCS 8 23 No. 279:1, 24 No. 282:1, cf.ibid. 8 (MB Alalakh), x parsi ZfD.DA (besidesalt) ibid. No. 283:1, 6, 10, 14.

7' in MA, NA: akum zfD.DA PNalta'al md ana ini ZfD.DA la taten md ,e-um laMu I asked PN about the flour,saying, "Why have you not ground theflour?" (he replied) saying, "There is nobarley" JCS 7 135 No. 62:7 (MA Tell Billa);1 zfD.DA ina suti ,aharti 3 SILA ZID.DA§a KA-i farri x flour (measured) by thesmall seah measure, three silas of flouraccording to the royal decree KAJ 226:8f.,cf. 150 emdr me-um.ME§ ina suti labirti70 emdr zfD.DA.ME§ KAJ 101:3, cf. also (inlists of items) KAJ 180:30ff., 277:11f., 15ff.,319:1; 1 (BAN) NINDA hare 1 (BAN) ZfD.DA ga arri (for a ritual) VAT 10550 i 15,iii 18 (all MA); x ZfD.DA.ME§ (in list ofitems received by charioteers as ilku pay-ment) Iraq 15 146 (pl. 13) ND 3467:7 and 18(NA); six men a ZfD e-,i-di-a-te ...ulelini ABL 579:5; ZfD.DA (beside §E.PAD.ME§) ADD 1036 i 5, cf. iv 2, x ZfD.DA.ME§ ADD 1095:6.

8' in NB: 1 (BAN) qd-mi it&nima hewill grind x flour Bagh. Mitt. 5 227 No. 17iii 15; ZfD.DA itti PN tena' YOS 7 186:11,cf. ibid. 15, Camb. 131:18; qe-me gin napstanu a DN tenzitu VAS 6 173:3; one-halfmina of silver 5 (BAN) qe-me igten eindikar suti eqli gamri x flour, a one-?imdu

container of beer, the entire tax on thefield BE 10 128:1, also TuM 2-3 191:1, (beside

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qemuuffatu) BE 10 127:1, TuM 2-3 148:6, and passim inMuraAf texts, see also qemu 8a 5arri; barleyana qe-me 5a aldm biti for the flour forthe ceremony of greeting the temple Dar.320:5, cf. Nbk. 16:4, Moldenke 2 48:9, VAS 5161:4, qe-me ana 6aldmu rbbtil Nbn. 214:9,and passim; X qe-me sattuk Camb. 374:4 and9, YOS 6 10:14; 1 ikari §a qe-me ginUnaptanu §a DN (see ilkaru A mng. 3f-4')VAS 6 173:12; see also mihru A mng. 5;x MA.NA kaspa x SILA qe-me idi u qidztux silver, x flour, the wages and provisions(for two royal soldiers) TuM 2-3 183:1, cf.ibid. 10, also arhd x SiLA qe-me idZssu anaPN inandinu RA 25 78 No. 8 r. 2; 2 (BAN)qe-me a[na] qiditu 82-7-14,1459:8, see alsogiditu usage h, gimru mng. 3d; zfD.DA... ana abe ... u kisidtu ... ana alpeidin BIN 1 91:21; qe-me 5a bit kari Camb.374: 1; qe-me mahr flour from the previousdelivery Nbn. 510:10, CT 22 207:7; barleyana qe-me ana mahriru 5a Annunitu nadin(see mahriru) Dar. 285:9; ZID.DA kurum=mat §iraka (heading of list) VAS 6 230:1;umu 3 SILA qe-me kurummdt maldhictuTuM 2-3 34:10; kaspu immeru qe-me tdbdtisahle 5amnu Aikaru tdbu hunzu kurummdtugabbi BRM 1 71:1, cf. VAS 6 123:1, and passim;x SILA qe-me mu-taq(?) -qu ana LY um-ma-nu idin give x flour for cakes (?) to theworkmen 82-7-14,1263:2, also GCCI 2 149:1;x uffatu ina qe-me liddnu ana PN nadinx barley issued to PN from the flour (for)the young birds Nbn. 29:1; 3 (BAN) SILAqe-me ana GI§.DA AJSL 27 213 No. 5:1; xuttatu [x] amama5ammi ana qe-me nadnux barley and x linseed (?) issued for flourNbn. 330:2; x suluppu ana qe-me UET 4122:21, cf. suluppilu m qe-me a MU.4.KAMCamb. 261:5; (the garment) ana qe-me usulupp indaharaSu CT 2 2:23; rarely wr.qe-mu: 5 BAN qe-mu Oberhuber Florenz 134:3,GCCI 2 136:1, YOS 3 149:17.

9' other occs.: zfD.DA.ME§ kara-ne anatdkulti ummdnija karp ilpukma (the king ofthe Manneans) had storage piles of flourand wine prepared to feed my army TCL

qemu3 53 (Sar.); 1 (BAN) ZfD.DA (among itemsfor offerings) BiOr 28 12 iv 5 (Marduk proph-ecy); a[na] x zfD x zfD lu uraddi 3[GUR ZfD] K[IN UD.1.KAM] u[kin] Iadded x flour to the x flour and thusestablished three gur of flour as the dailyprovisions (for gamag) JEOL 20 58:184ff.(Cruc. Mon.); kurke 5a zfD NIO.LAG.OA KfJgeese fed with flour (and?) dough RAcc.78:16, cf. ibid. 79:28.

b) varieties and qualities: x qe-mebitqa x ha-la-ah-la x qe-me [sad]-ra82-7-14,1961:2 and 5, for other refs. seehalhallu adj.; x qe-mu sa-dar AnOr 835:10, for other refs. see sadru; zfD.DAhirgalU YOS 7 186:8, also, wr. qe-me VAS6 114:1 (all NB); see also meszi adj., napiadj. and v., gahdlu, ahlu, tenu, tν seealso bitqu mng. 8, mirqu, pahidu, qajdtu,qilpu, qupdtu, ridu, sasqi, Sibru; forcereals ground for flour see arsdnu, ar=suppu, inninu, kibru, kundSu, 6eguiu,uttatu; for vetches and vegetables seehalluru, kakki, kasi, murrutu, linitu, un,etc., and see discussion.

c) used for magic drawings: Nintupronounced the blessing fgir qe-ma ulibitta iddi made a drawing in flour, andset the (birth) brick in position Lambert-Millard Atra-hasis 62 I 288 (OB); 7 uurdte 5aZID.DA [t]eqq[ir] you make seven draw-ings with flour Or. NS 34 116:19 (namburbi),cf. qalam ka5dpi u kaidpti §a zfD.DA inalibbi erz nams teqqir (see namsz) MaqluIX 157, cf. 153, 158, cf. also ana muhhi galmi§a ZfD.DA 5a ina qaqqari egru PBS 1/2106 r. 27, cf. ibid. 5, see ArOr 17/1 178f.; whenyou wish to dig a well you purify thesite at sunset ZfD.DA talammi you makea circle of flour around it CT 38 23K.2312 r. 10, see Or. NS 40 150 r. 28 (namburbi);oath ina kippat q-mi-im (for contextsee kilkillu) CT 2 9:9 (coll. C. B. F. Walker);see also CT 17 1:9, in lex. section.

d) used for figurines made of dough:you make representations of intertwined

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qemusnakes §a tiddi tibni u zfD.DA ballu ofclay mixed with straw and flour Or. NS36 33:13 (namburbi); kallu a ZfD.DA kallu §a

SE.SA.A a ndru ina libbi eqiruni elippu aZfD.DA.ME§ a kibti ZA 45 44:36 and 38(NA rit.).

e) in rituals: you take ZfD.DA azikaru itenu flour that a male has groundKAR 25 iii 16, see Farber Iitar und Dumuzi 129:17;malak uniqi ina 4izbi enzi aruqti u zfD.DAtu4akkal Farber Itar und Dumuzi 59:52; 6izbaina zfD.DA ta4appak BMS 33 r. 40; suluppsasqii zfD.DA ina muhhi tasarraq BBR No.26 i 29, ii 12, ZfD.DA U burda tasarraqHunger Uruk 12 r. 1 (inc.), cf. 4R 25 ii 14,zfD(var. adds .DA) reit[u] tusarraq youscatter first-quality flour Or. NS 36 287:7(namburbi), and passim in rit.; NfG.NA IM.LIZfD.DA(!) tasarraq BBR No. 1-20:35, alsoOr. NS 36 34 Sm. 810:9 (namburbi); ZfD.DAsuluppz sasq ina 6umeliSu ina4li Or. NS 40142 K.157+ r. 10, cf. ZfD.DA 8uluppi 8asq4iumalar he releases the flour, dates, andfine meal (into the river) ibid. 143 r. 14(namburbi).

f) in med.: (to cure scorpion bite)ZID.DA itti gamni tuballal CT 40 27 Rm.98:12 (SB Alu), cf. BMS 22:32; ZfD pe& zfD,almu zfD GIA.KU AMT 91,4:4, cf. [zid.babbar] = pe-qu-u, [zid.gi 6] = ga-al-mu-u Hh. XXIII h 10f. (from RS); see dis-cussion section.

g) other occs.: gumma qutrinam ta.kunma qe-ma-a-am ina $eri6u tattaqi PBS1/2 99 i 3 (OB), see Biggs, RA 63 73; SummazfD.DA iten if (in his dream) he grindsflour Dream-book 335:x+14, (with inappi sifts)ibid. x+15; see also buginnu; once it is cast(in molds) ina amni u ZfD.DA ... in.nappah it will be made to flare up by(the use of) oil and flour RA 60 37:13 and20; umma igaratu ZfD.DA u aznana ifthe walls drip with flour CT 38 15:40 (SBAlu); if a scorpion is found inapisan zfDin the flour container CT 40 28 K.3731+ :8,also 26:21.

qemuThe reading of KU or KU.KU when it

precedes names of plants, minerals, oraromatics cannot be established; syllabicwritings show that for some substancesthe reading is z-i (e.g., ze buqli, summati,Nisaba), and for others siktu, q.v.;note also: KU-KU KU.KU = ut-ta-a-tum EaI 160, see von Soden, ZA 70 143. Powderedforms of cereals, plants, and aromatics aresummed up as ZID.DA.ME§ [((or GIg).H]I(?) .A u IM.HI.A 8sku rabi nasmatti asutiflours, plants, and aromatics, (constitut-ing) a large szku (for) a medicinal poulticeKocher BAM 124 iii 54f. and dupl. 125:22f., cf.(also adding up KU of aromatics, sktu ofother plants, flour made from cereals andK

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